1260例不孕症患者的异常染色体核型分析

目的探讨染色体核型异常对不孕症患者的影响。方法对2009年9月～2011年9月到笔者所在医院不孕不育门诊接受治疗的1260例不孕症患者进行细胞遗传检查,并对其染色体核型进行临床分析。结果 58例异常染色体核型中,47,XXY有5例,占8.62%;47,XYY有4例,占6.90%;48,XXXY有2例,占3.45%;45,X有25例,占43.10%;45,XX,der(13;21)(q10;q10)有9例,占15.51%;46,XY,t(5;7)(p23;q12)有3例,占5.17%;46,XX,t(6;8)(q12;q11)有2例,占3.45%;46,XX,t(11;14)(p11;q12)有2例,占3.45%;46,XX,t(2;7)(q10;10)有2例,占3.45%;46,XY(表型为女性)有2例,占3.45%;47,XX,+mar有2例,占3.45%。结论染色体核型异常是引发患者不孕症的主要因素之一,患者若存在久治不愈的不孕症,应注意检查其染色体核型,以便及早发现不孕的原因,及时进行对症治疗。     

多技术联合检测产前9p三体胎儿1例

目的应用细胞和分子遗传学方法分析1例无创产前检测(NIPT)提示9号染色体异常及超声先天性心脏发育异常胎儿的发病原因。方法应用常规G显带技术对羊水及父母进行染色体核型分析,并进一步采用染色体微阵列分析(CMA)技术对胎儿行全基因组高分辨率扫描。结果常规G显带分析显示胎儿染色体核型为47,Xn,+9[82]/47,Xn,+del(9)(q13qter)[14]/46,Xn[4],胎儿父母核型结果未见异常。CMA结果显示:胎儿9p24.3q34.3有一段为137.5 Mb,拷贝数为3的重复。结论胎儿的异常表型可归因于9p13.1p24.3三体,与传统的细胞遗传分析方法相比,CMA具有高分辨率和高精确性的优点。     

急性白血病患者的染色体核型分析及临床意义

目的结合细胞形态学、免疫学探讨染色体核型在急性白血病(AL)中的诊断、治疗价值。根据国内外细胞遗传学危险度划分标准,分析核型与完全缓解率(CR)的相关性。方法采用短期培养法处理骨髓样本,并以R显带为主,G显带为辅,对119例初诊的AL患者进行染色体核型分析,并观察患者CR与染色体核型分析之间的关系。结果患者核型率异常在急性髓细胞白血病(AML)、急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)中分别为58.11%、53.33%,平均异常率为56.30%,AML患者中最常见的平衡易位为46,XY,t(15;17)(q22;q21),占所分析患者的19.33%(23/119),且仅在M3中检测到,其次是t(8;21)(q22;q22),占10.08%(12/119)。在ALL患者中最常见的为t(9;22)(q34;q11),且多见于B-ALL,占6.72%。119例患者中首次化疗CR达71.43%,特异性染色体核型的患者CR较高。结论染色体检查技术结合细胞形态学、免疫表型分析对于白血病的准确诊断、靶向治疗、评估预后具有重要意义。     

世界首报染色体异常核型的细胞遗传学分析

目的 世界首报染色体异常核型的细胞遗传学分析.方法 外周血淋巴细胞培养,常规制片及G显带.结果 1例47,XX,t(12;21)(q21;q22),+21和1例46,XY,t(1;10;21)(p22;q22;q22),表现为智力低下、发育迟缓;1例46,XY,t(14;18)(q13;q23,t(16;19)(q24;p11)和1例46,XY,t(3;8)(q12;q13),表现为少、弱、畸精子.结论 4例世界首报染色体异常核型,患者分别表现位置离低下、发育迟缓、少、弱、畸精子,表明与常染色体易位有关.     

49例骨髓增生异常综合征的细胞形态学和细胞遗传学分析

目的分析骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)的形态学和细胞遗传学特征。方法将2012年~2014年本院确诊的49例MDS临床和血液学特征进行回顾性分析。结果 MDS病例的血涂片及骨髓涂片中粒、红、巨三系均存在不同程度的病态造血,在可供细胞遗传学分析的31例患者中,染色体核型异常检出率为51.6%(15/31例),其中单一异常53.3%(8/31),两种异常33.3%(5/31),复杂异常13.3%(2/31),最常见的克隆性异常是+8,其余依次为-7/del(7q),5q-/del(5)(q13),5q-/del(5)(q22q35),5q-/del(5)(q11q15),del(20)(q11),del(18)(q21),+16(q24)),-6,-15,-17,+21(p11)。结论细胞形态学是MDS最重要、最基础的诊断手段,细胞遗传学是MDS的确诊条件之一,同时,也是判断预后以及制定治疗策略的主要依据。     

伴有t(9;12)(q22;p13)易位的急性髓细胞白血病M2a

目的报告1例伴有t(9;12)(q22;p13)易位的急性髓细胞白血病M2a。方法患者骨髓细胞短期培养后按常规方法制备染色体,采用R显带技术进行染色体核型分析;以9号和12号整条染色体涂染探针对其进行染色体涂染检测。结果染色体核型和染色体涂染分析均证实该患者具有t(9;12)(q22;p13)克隆性染色体异常。结论t(9;12)(q22;p13)易位是急性髓细胞白血病M2a的一种新的临床遗传学类型。     

恶性血液病患者313例染色体核型分析及临床意义

目的探讨血液系统疾病中白血病、骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）、多发性骨髓瘤（MM）等恶性血液病的染色体核型变化特点与临床意义。方法回顾性分析2007年10月至2012年12月在该院门诊和住院的313例血液系统疾病患者的临床特征,包括细胞形态学、细胞遗传学核型及临床特征,分析染色体核型异常情况、核型特点及与疾病之间的关系。所有患者均在无菌条件下抽取骨髓标本2～5 mL,肝素抗凝,按细胞数（1～2）×10^6mL^-1加入到培养基RPMI1640组合培养液中,同时采用直接法和/或短期培养法制片,平均每例分析20～30个中期分裂细胞,以R显带技术进行染色体核型分析。结果本组313例恶性血液病患者中,染色体核型异常139例,总体检出率44.41%。139例患者中,异常克隆包括结构异常和数目异常。其中结构异常以特异性染色体重排t（8;21）,t（15;17）,t（9;22）多见,数目异常以＋8最为常见,其次有＋21、-X、-Y常见,-7/7q-,17p-,11号染色体异常也易见。与FAB亚型的关系中,88%的急性早幼粒细胞白血病（APL）有t（15;17）易位,50%急性粒细胞白血病微分化型（AML-M2）有t（8;21）易位,38%的急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）有t（9;22）易位,95%慢性粒细胞白血病（CML）有t（9;22）易位。1例MDS发现del（20）（q11;q13）,8例为单纯＋8异常,3例为单纯的-Y异常。结论大约50%的急性白血病（AL）存在克隆性染色体异常,一些特异性染色体改变是AL的细胞遗传学特征,与AL的FAB分型有明显相关性。染色体核型分析在血液系统疾病诊断、分型、预后判断和随访监测中有重要的临床价值。     

755例唐氏筛查临界风险的分析与临床策略

目的探讨唐氏筛查临界风险病例的遗传咨询策略。方法用时间分辩荧光免疫自动分析技术和Multicalc产前筛查软件对11791位孕妇进行唐氏筛查风险评估,早期3163例,中期8628例。结果筛查临界风险755例,早期319例(10.1%),中期436例(5.05%),52例在惠州市中心人民医院选择羊膜腔穿刺术抽取羊水,进行羊水细胞培养和染色体核型分析,检出异常核型3例(5.80%):45,XO,[41/50]/47,XXX[9/50],46,XY,inv(Y)(P11;q12),46,XY,del(13)(p11)。羊水细胞染色体核型多态性3例。20~24周Ⅲ级超声发现胎儿异常12例。结论唐氏筛查临界风险病例的染色体异常核型以嵌合体,倒位或缺失为主,Ⅲ级超声诊断能为临床遗传咨询提供重要价值的信息。     

染色体异常核型3例分析

目的：研究染色体异常与流产的关系,为生育健康的下一代提供指导。方法采用外周血淋巴细胞染色体培养技术进行染色体核型分析。结果病例1患者的外周血核型是46, XY, t（8；13）（p21；q32）为染色体平衡易位,病例2患者的外周血核型是45, XY, der（14；21）（q10；q10）为染色体罗氏易位,病例3患者的核型是46, XY, inv（10）（q21；q21）为染色体臂内倒位。结论外周血染色体异常是导致早期流产的重要原因,对有自然流产史的夫妇进行染色体检查具有重要的临床意义。     

急性早幼粒细胞白血病的回顾性治疗

<正>急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)占急性髓系白血病(AML)的5%～10%,其特征为染色体15号和17号的相互易位,这类患者通常较年轻,中位年龄30～38岁,10岁以下罕见。20世纪50年代,此种疾病得到认识,常因脑出血而引起死亡,90%脑出血患者都继发于DIC。APL的t(15∶17)累及的基因为染色体17q21上的维甲酸受体基因(RARa)和染色体15号24上的早幼粒细胞白血病基因(PML),它们形成两种融合基因:15q+上PML/RARa和17q-上的RARa/PML基     

Gain of an isochromosome 5p: a rare recurrent abnormality in acute myeloid leukemia

Chromosomal abnormalities characterize the biological behavior of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), also facilitating the identification of genes responsible for its development and/or progression. Isochromosome 5p, i(5p), represents a rare chromosomal abnormality described, to date, in only a few AML cases. In almost all the cases reported, the i(5p) was accompanied by other abnormalities. Here, a new case of AML, evolved from a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with a clonal trisomy 8, is reported. The case presented the following karyotype: 46, XY[15]/47, XY, +8[4]/47,XY, +1(5) (p10)[3]/ 48,XY,+i(5)(p10)+8[3]. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of AML to present a clone with an isolated i(5p). The cytogenetic findings supported the hypothesis that i(5p) may represent a primary abnormality, which characterizes a small subset of AML cases.     

Soft tissue sarcoma in children: prognosis and management

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) account for approximately 7% of malignant neoplasms in children. The heterogeneity of STS makes the diagnosis and therapy particularly difficult and should be reserved for specialized centers with expertise in treating cancer in children. Major progress in the accuracy of diagnosis and classification has been made by the identification of specific, recurring genetic alterations t(2;13)(q35;q14) and t(1;13)(p36;q14) in alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS), t(X;18)(p11;q11) for synovial sarcoma (SS) and t(11;22)(q24;q12) or t(21;22)(q22;q12) for Ewing's tumor family. As a result of large multicenter STS studies, such as the North-American Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study, the German Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group (CWS), Italian Gruppo Cooperativo Italiano study and Sociètè Internationale d'Oncologie Pèdiatrique (SIOP) Malignant Mesenchymal Tumors study, the identification of more effective treatment strategies and improvement in prognosis have been made in the last 30 years. Prognostic variables were identified and, by exploring novel therapeutic strategies, criteria were established for the use of preoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and primary and delayed second-look surgery. As a result of evaluation of different drugs active in STS, refinements in the utilization of chemotherapy have been made possible. Clinical trials have also been instrumental in defining the late effects of treatment. In STS the following drugs have proven to be useful: dactinomycin, vincristine, alkylating agents such as cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide, as well as anthracyclines such as doxorubicin (adriamycin) and epi-doxorubicin. Recommendations for radiation are dependent on the primary site and size of the tumour, histology, patient age and the extent of disease before and after surgical resection. In general, with conventional fractionation (1 x 1.8 to 2 Gy/day) radiotherapy doses between 40 and 50 Gy should be administered. The German CWS group explored the effectiveness of 32 Gy when accelerated and hyperfractionated, and given simultaneously to chemotherapy, and found it adequate for local tumor control in patients with selected favorable prognostic factors. When treated with a combination of chemotherapy and local therapy, STS showed an event-free survival between 50 and 80% [RMS 70%, extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (EES) and peripheral neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) circa 50%, and SS 70 to 80%]. About one-fifth of patients with newly diagnosed RMS-like STS have metastatic disease. The 5-year survival rate among these patients is low (20 to 30%). Age (>10 years), bone, and/or bone marrow metastases are associated with a very poor prognosis (survival rate of about 5%). The value of high dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem cell rescue in patients with poor prognostic STS remains unclear and should be performed in controlled studies only.     

骨髓增生异常综合征异常克隆分布及与外周血细胞变化的关系

目的探讨不同染色体异常的骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）患者异常克隆在骨髓各细胞系列中的分布及其与外周血细胞变化的关系。方法对del（20q）,8号染色体三体和含有5q-复杂核型的MDS患者和核型正常者的骨髓涂片进行Wright-Giemsa染色,并行荧光原位杂交检测,统计其红系、粒系、淋巴系细胞的荧光信号后与临床指标相比较。结果异常克隆在MDS患者红系中的比例分别为92.4%、56.4%、57.6%、63.2%、60.2%;粒系中的比例分别为71.2%、68.1%、72.4%、44.4%和49.3%,均高于对照组;异常克隆在淋巴系中的比例除在病例2三体8的患者中高于对照组,其余均低于对照组。异常克隆分布在红系和粒系的患者,外周血细胞水平可表现为正常或降低（Hb48～132g/L,ANC0.38×109/L～2.60×109/L）。病例2三体8的患者外周血淋巴细胞比例较高。结论 MDS异常克隆主要分布于骨髓粒系和红系细胞,个别患者分布于淋巴细胞。异常克隆在骨髓细胞系列中的分布与外周血细胞变化无明显相关性。     

多发性骨髓瘤患者联合酞胺哌啶酮治疗的疗效分析

目的探讨低剂量酞胺哌啶酮联合VAD方案治疗多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的疗效及安全性。方法选择我院收治的MM患者53例,进行酞胺哌啶酮联合VAD方案治疗,4个疗程后进行整体评估。观察治疗前后骨髓增生情况以及骨髓瘤细胞数量,血红蛋白、β_2-微球蛋白、卡氏评分等各项检测指标的变化,分析患者的不良反应。结果 53例患者的总有效率为83.02%,治疗后患者血红蛋白、卡氏评分显著高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(血红蛋白:t=7.465,P=0.000;卡氏评分:t=12.082,P=0.000)。骨髓浆细胞百分比、β_2-微球蛋白、肌酐、血清球蛋白显著低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(骨髓浆细胞:t=22.747,P=0.000;β_2-微球蛋白:t=14.442,P=0.000;肌酐:t=2.928,P=0.004;血清球蛋白:t=20.894,P=0.000)。25例轻度嗜睡(47.17%)、6例头晕(11.32%)、38例便秘(71.70%)、30例四肢麻木(56.60%)。25例轻度纳差(47.17%),13例轻度恶心呕吐(24.53%),但均可耐受。结论低剂量酞胺哌啶酮联合VAD方案治疗MM疗效显著,且不良反应少、耐受性好、给药方便,值得临床推广。     

急性淋巴细胞白血病8号染色体三体

目的探讨急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)中8号染色体三体(8三体)的发生率。方法对87例ALL和8例正常对照骨髓细胞进行经典的细胞遗传学(CC)及红色荧光素Spectrum Red标记的8号染色体着丝粒α卫星特异DNA探针间期荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)分析。结果87例ALL中14例FISH检测为8三体,占16．09％,5例CC检测结果为8三体(5．75％,5／87);FISH还发现8三体／四体嵌合体1例,而CC仅检测到8四体。结论FISH检测8三体的敏感性高于常规核型分析,在小克隆检测方面有其优越性。     

恶性血液病183例染色体核型分析

目的探讨细胞染色体检查对恶性血液病的特点及临床意义。方法选择2006年8月至2011年5月初诊的恶性血液病患者183例,每例治疗前行骨髓涂片检查、骨髓活检、染色体核型分析。结果 183例患者中,有103例检出异常染色体核型。其中急性白血病40例,浆细胞白血病1例,淋巴瘤细胞白血病2例,慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)25例,骨髓增生异常综合征22例,多发性骨髓瘤组6例,骨髓增殖性疾病6例,再生障碍性贫血1例。与FAB亚型的关系中,75%M3有t(15;17)易位,M6有1号染色体异常,60%M2有t(8;21)易位,92%(CML)有t(9;22)易位。结论染色体核型分析是恶性血液病诊断分型的一项重要指标。     

Constrained corticotropin releasing factor antagonists (astressin analogues) with long duration of action in the rat.

In an earlier report we identified specific modifications and substitutions of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) that led to the discovery of antagonists with extended duration of action as compared to that of astressin {cyclo(30-33)[DPhe(12),Nle(21),Glu(30), Lys(33),Nle(38)]hCRF((12)(-)(41))}. These additional modifications included elongation of the peptide chain by three residues at the N-terminus, its acetylation, and the [CalphaMeLeu(27)] substitution to yield cyclo(30-33)[DPhe(12), Nle(21),CalphaMeLeu(27),Glu(30), Lys(33),Nle(38)]Ac-hCRF((9)(-)(41)), which was found to be longer acting than astressin (Rivier, J.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 5012-5019). To further increase the efficiency (potency, duration of action, and bioavailability) of this family of antagonists, we introduced two or more CalphaMe-leucine residues at positions shown in earlier studies to be favorable (Hernandez, J.-F.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 2860-2867). Whereas the introduction of CalphaMe-leucine residues at positions 27 and either 18 (11), 37 (17), or 40 (19) resulted in dramatic increases in duration of inhibitory action in the adrenalectomized (adx) rat after intravenous injection, the same substitution at positions 27 and either 15 (7, 8), 17 (9), 19 (12, 13), or 41 (20) led to short acting analogues. Other substitutions by CalphaMeLeu at positions 27 and either 10 (4), 13 (5), 14 (6), 21 (14), 24 (15), 36 (16), or 38 (18) yielded analogues with duration of action intermediate between those mentioned above. Cyclo(30-33)[DPhe(12), Nle(21), CalphaMeLeu(27),Glu(30),Lys(33),Nle(38), CalphaMeLeu(40)]Ac-hCRF((9)(-)(41)) (astressin B, 19) was one of the most efficacious analogues of this series (>4 h inhibition of ACTH secretion at 25 microgram/adx rat). It was found to be even longer acting via subcutaneous administration in either an aqueous (>24 h inhibition of ACTH secretion at 100 microgram/adx rat) or lipid milieu (DMSO/peanut oil, >24 h inhibition of ACTH secretion at 30 microgram/adx rat) than after intravenous administration (<12 h inhibition of ACTH secretion at 100 microgram/adx rat). We concluded that Calpha-methylation at some positions may favor a bioactive conformation while also preventing degradation and/or elimination, resulting in significant extension of duration of action.     

Polyethylene glycol conjugated interleukin-2: Clinical and immunologic effects in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma

Summary Recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) modified with monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (PEG IL-2) was utilized in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in two separate multi-institutional trials. PEG IL-2 was administered as an I.V. bolus days 1, 8, 15, and 22 with cycles repeated every six weeks. The two trials employed different dose levels: A) 20x10⁶ I.U./m² day 1 followed by 12x10⁶ I.U./m² days 8, 15, 22; and B) 12x10⁶ I.U./m² days 1, 8, 15, 22. Thirty-five patients were entered and 31 were evaluable for response (A–15/18, B–16/17). Two of 31 patients had partial responses. Median therapy duration was four weeks (range 1–15), and dose reduction for grade III or IV toxicity was required in 14/35 patients (A-6/18, B-8/17). Toxicity ( grade III) seen included: hypotension 51%, dyspnea 17%, seizures 6%, and mental status changes 11%. No differences in response or toxicity between the two schedules were noted. Hematologic changes included lymphocytosis and eosinophilia in the majority of patients. PEG IL-2 given once weekly has significant toxicity, and may produce tumor regression in patients with renal cell carinoma.