老年股骨颈骨折半髋置换选择骨水泥型和生物型假体的临床观察

[目的]探讨老年股骨颈骨折患者选择骨水泥型和生物型股骨假体治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效比较。[方法]回顾性分析2012年6月~2014年6月,选择同期进行人工股骨头置换的老年患者共151例。其中骨水泥型组65例,生物型组86例。记录并比较两组的临床资料、髋关节功能Harris评分和术后髋关节疼痛VAS评分。[结果]151例患者术后均获得1年以上的有效随访。生物型假体组在手术时间、术中出血方面要优于骨水泥假体组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。而骨水泥型假体组在术后引流量、术后部分负重、术后完全负重及住院时间方面要优于生物型假体组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组在术前和术后1年Harris评分差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。骨水泥型假体组在术后1、6个月时Harris评分均优于生物型假体组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组疼痛VAS评分在术前、术后2周、术后1、6个月时差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组相关并发症都得到积极有效的治疗,两组间并发症的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]骨水泥型和生物型假体治疗老年股骨颈骨折均能获得满意的治疗疗效,可根据假体不同的特点结合患者的具体情况,选择最合适的治疗方式。     

加长柄人工股骨头置换术与PFNA内固定治疗高龄不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折的比较研究

目的比较加长柄人工股骨头置换术与股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)治疗高龄不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果。方法回顾性比较分析自2013-06—2014-09诊治的65例高龄不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折,采用PFNA内固定治疗20例(PFNA组),采用加长柄人工股骨头置换术治疗45例(其中骨水泥组22例,生物型组23例)。比较3组手术时间、术中出血量、术后下地时间、并发症发生率,以及术后1、3、6、12个月髋关节功能Harris评分。结果 65例均获得随访9~18个月,平均12个月。3组手术时间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),PFNA组少于生物型组和骨水泥组,而生物型组少于骨水泥组。3组术中出血量差异有统计学意义(P0.05),PFNA组少于生物型组和骨水泥组,而骨水泥组少于生物型组。3组术后下地时间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),生物型组和骨水泥组明显早于PFNA组,而骨水泥组早于生物型组。生物型组和骨水泥组术后1、3、6个月髋关节功能Harris评分均优于PFNA组,但生物型组与骨水泥组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后12个月时3组髋关节功能Harris评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对于身体状况较好、骨质稳定的高龄股骨粗隆间骨折,可首选PFNA髓内固定;对于伴有严重骨质疏松,不适合内固定治疗以及内固定失败,或预期置换后关节使用年限不长患者,加长柄人工股骨头置换术是安全、有效的手术方式。     

骨水泥与生物型股骨假体治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效比较

目的:研究比较骨水泥型与生物型股骨假体治疗老年骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折的早期固定效果和患者死亡率,探讨人工髋关节置换术中有关假体选择的问题。方法:2012年1月至2014年12月,采用人工髋关节置换术治疗130例(130髋)老年骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折患者。根据假体固定类型分两组:骨水泥组72例,男26例,女46例,平均年龄(82.0±6.5)岁,GardenⅢ型32例,Ⅳ型40例,受伤至手术时间(5.5±3.3)d;生物型组58例,男19例,女39例,平均年龄(80.1±6.7)岁,GardenⅢ型21例,Ⅳ型37例,受伤至手术时间(5.4±2.1)d。所有患者出现患侧髋部肿胀、压痛、下肢轴向叩击痛及关节活动障碍。入院后进行ASA等级评价、心功能评估、手术治疗以及有效的术后随访。观察比较两组手术持续时间、术中出血量、住院时间、并发症发生率、死亡率、残余疼痛(VAS评分)和髋关节功能(Harris评分)。结果:生物型组比骨水泥组手术持续时间短、术中出血量少(P0.05)。围手术期骨水泥组2例(2.7%)患者死亡,而生物型组无患者死亡。128例患者术后均获得随访,随访时间平均22个月。骨水泥组随访期间比生物型组的并发症发生率和VAS评分低(P0.05),Harris评分高(P0.05);两组患者随访期间死亡率没有明显差异(P0.05)。结论:采用骨水泥型假体治疗老年骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折的早期固定效果比生物型假体较好。术前ASA等级高或心肺功能较差的患者,可酌情选择生物型假体以降低围手术期患者死亡率。     

生物型和骨水泥型股骨假体全髋关节置换术治疗老年骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折的临床效果对比

目的：对比老年骨质疏松股骨颈骨折使用生物型股骨假体柄与骨水泥型股骨假体柄行全髋关节置换术治疗效果。方法对本组进行老年骨质疏松股骨颈骨折100例（100髋）进行的全髋关节置换术根据手术方式分为A组（股骨假体柄骨水泥型全髋关节置换术,60髋）, B组（股骨假体柄生物型全髋关节置换术,40髋）。对比两组髋关节功能、关节活动度、髋关节影像学特点及术后疼痛情况。结果老年骨质疏松股骨颈骨折行全髋关节置换术,采用生物型股骨假体柄与骨水泥型股骨假体柄的全髋关节置换术临床疗效对比差异显著（ P＜0.05）。结论对于老年骨质疏松股骨颈骨折行全髋关节置换术,应用骨水泥型者股骨假体柄术后近期疗效明显优于生物型,但它有诱发深静脉血栓栓塞和骨水泥危象的风险。     

骨水泥型假体髋关节置换术治疗老年不稳定型股骨颈骨折效果分析

目的探讨骨水泥型假体髋关节置换术治疗老年不稳定型股骨颈骨折的效果。方法选取襄城县人民医院2016-03—2017-06间收治的36例老年不稳定型股骨颈骨折患者,依照不同术式分为2组,各18例。对照组采取生物型假体髋关节置换术,观察组采取骨水泥型假体髋关节置换术。结果 2组术中出血量、手术时间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组住院时间、术后1个月和6个月Harris评分、末次随访WHOQOL-100评分等指标比较,均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对老年不稳定型股骨颈骨折患者实施骨水泥型假体髋关节置换术,可缩短住院时间、显著改善髋关节功能和提升生活质量。     

水泥与非水泥股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效对比

[目的]对比观察骨水泥型与生物加长柄型股骨头置换术治疗高龄不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。[方法]对本院采用股骨头置换治疗的36例高龄不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折患者进行回顾性分析,其中骨水泥组16例,非水泥组20例。观察记录两组手术时间、术中术后出血量、术后大腿疼痛、患者满意度、死亡率、早期并发症和髋关节Harris评分。对两组指标进行统计分析比较。[结果]两组患者在手术时间、术中术后出血量、术后大腿疼痛、术后早期并发症发生率差异无统计学意义,末次随访时两组Harris评分均显著进步,骨水泥组下地时间更早。非水泥组粗隆间骨折愈合良好,两组近期随访无假体移位、松动及下沉。[结论]两种假体治疗高龄不稳定性股骨粗隆间骨折临床疗效均满意,骨水泥型假体下床早,有利于早期功能恢复,可减少术后并发症,提高生活质量。     

骨水泥型与生物型人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效比较

目的比较骨水泥型与生物型人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折的近期疗效。方法回顾性分析自2015-06—2016-12行人工股骨头置换术治疗的75例高龄不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折,37例采用骨水泥型股骨假体(骨水泥组),38例采用生物型股骨假体(生物型组)。结果与骨水泥组相比,生物型组手术时间更短,术中出血量更少,术后完全负重时间更长,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);但2组术后部分负重时间、髋关节功能Harris评分优良率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论骨水泥型与生物型人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折均可取得满意的近期疗效。骨水泥型人工股骨头置换术固定稳定性更好,但是术中发生骨水泥植入综合征的风险更高;生物型人工股骨头置换术手术时间更短、术中出血量更少、术中安全性高。     

索绑系统治疗不同类型股骨假体周围骨折

目的分析Cable-Ready索绑系统应用于不同类型股骨假体的全髋关节置换术(THA)后的股骨假体周围骨折临床效果。 方法回顾性分析2010年在新疆维吾尔自治区中医医院行手术治疗的THA术后股骨假体周围骨折的79例患者,根据初次THA所使用的股骨假体类型,分为生物型假体组(47例)、骨水泥假体组(32例)。t检验或秩和检验、卡方检验比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、骨折临床愈合时间,髋关节功能评分量表Harris评分及并发症。 结果两组患者的性别(χ²＝0.855)、年龄(t＝-1.132)、股骨假体周围骨折的温哥华分型(χ²＝0.349)、住院时间(t＝-0.872)、骨折愈合时间(t＝-1.336)等比较,差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);生物型假体组的手术时间(t＝-5.860)、术中出血量(t＝-50.128)比骨水泥假体组少(P<0.05)。两组患者发生股骨假体周围骨折前的髋关节Harris疼痛评分(t＝-1.897)、功能评分(t＝1.757)比较差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。术后1年评估Harris评分,疼痛情况(Z＝-1.157)、功能情况(Z＝-0.540)与受伤前比较,评分变化的差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05),两组患者术后1年的Harris畸形评分(t＝-0.858)、关节活动度评分(t＝-1.231)差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。随访期间生物型假体组出现共计7例并发症;骨水泥型假体组出现共计6例并发症,两组的并发症情况差异无统计学意义(χ²＝0.206,P>0.05)。 结论Cable-Ready索绑系统应用于生物型假体和骨水泥型假体的股骨假体周围骨折的住院时间、骨折愈合时间、髋关节功能恢复情况基本一致,但应用生物型假体的患者可节约手术时间、减少出血量。     

股骨柄假体人工半髋关节置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折

目的总结加长的中远端稳定的生物型股骨柄假体人工半髋关节置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效。 方法采用随机数字表法将2009年1月到2015年12月绵阳市骨科医院94例75～95岁高龄不稳定型股骨转子间骨折患者分为骨水泥组和生物组各47例,纳入标准为患者外力创伤后经诊断为不稳定型股骨转子间骨折,无手术绝对禁忌证。骨水泥组给予骨水泥假体人工半髋关节置换,生物组给予加长生物型假体人工半髋关节置换。用SPSS 23.0软件包用t检验比较2组患者手术时间、术中出血量、围术期总失血量、术后并发症发生率、术后初次下地煅炼时间、术后住院时间、术后3月、6月、12月Harris评分,用χ²检验2组优良率。 结果生物组手术时间、术中出血量低于骨水泥组(手术时间：t ＝3.733,术中出血量：t ＝2.207,均为P<0.05),2组围手术期失血量、初次下地煅炼时间和术后住院时间相比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。生物组和骨水泥组切口感染发生率相比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),生物组深静脉血栓和心肺事件发生率与骨水泥组相比较均显著降低(深静脉血栓：χ² ＝4.642,心肺事件：χ² ＝6.409,均为P<0.05)。2组术后3月、术后6月、术后12月Harris评分相比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组术后3月、6月、12个月手术效果相比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论加长的远端稳定的生物型股骨柄假体人工半髋关节置换治疗高龄股骨转子间骨折可获得与骨水泥型假体一样的临床效果,且可减少创伤和降低术后并发症发生率,具有临床推广价值。     

85岁以上高龄患者髋关节置换方式选择及疗效比较

目的总结85岁以上患者初次髋关节置换的手术体会,分别比较全髋与半髋置换、生物型半髋与骨水泥型半髋假体的不同疗效。方法对48例患者行髋关节置换,其中全髋置换14例,半髋置换34例(生物型23例,骨水泥型11例)。统计手术时间、术中及术后出血量。术后随访行Harris评分及X线评估。结果全髋组手术时间、出血量均高于半髋组。术后3个月时半髋与全髋组及生物型半髋与骨水泥型半髋组间Harris评分差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。13例3个月后失访,共35例获最终随访,平均随访28(6～78)个月,最终随访时全髋组与半髋组Harris评分为(87.9±6.2)分与(82.4±5.8)分,两组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.042)。无假体松动、感染病例。结论 85岁以上患者同样可以考虑全髋关节置换,生物型与骨水泥型置换疗效相似但生物型假体更安全。     

Total hip arthroplasty for developmental hip dysplasia

We reviewed 38 hip replacements in 33 female patients (mean age 55.3 years) with developmental hip dysplasia. One patient had died and the remaining 32 patients (36 hips) had a mean follow-up of 12.2 years (range 8–19 years). All hips were replaced using the Müller cemented implant, and in 32 hips bulk femoral head autograft was used. In 33 hips the socket was reconstructed at the level of the true acetabulum. Complications included one intra-operative femoral fracture and two early dislocations. Correction of leg length discrepancy was possible in 30 patients. The post-operative mean modified Merle d’Aubigne and Postel scores for pain, movement and walking were 5.9, 5, and 5.3 respectively. One cup was revised due to aseptic loosening at ten years. All grafts united, but minor graft resorption was noticed in 24 hips, moderate in 2 hips and major in 1 hip.

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Résumé Nous avons examiné 38 remplacements prothétiques de la hanche chez 33 femmes (age moyen 55,3 ans) avec une dysplasie de la hanche. Une patiente était décédée et les 32 autres (36 hanches) avaient un suivi moyen de 12,2 ans ( 8 à 19). Toutes les hanches ont eu un implant type Müller cimenté et pour 32 une autogreffe massive de tête fémorale a été utilisé. Pour 33 hanches la cavité a été reconstruite au niveau du paléo-cotyle. Les complications comprenaient une fracture fémorale opératoire et deux luxations précoces. La correction de l’inégalité de longueur des membres inférieurs était obtenue chez 30 malades. Le score postopératoire modifié de Merle d’Aubigné et Postel pour la douleur, la mobilité et la marche étaient en moyenne de 5,9, 5 et 5,3 respectivement. Une cupule a été révisée pour un descellement aseptique à 10 ans. Toutes les greffes ont consolidé, mais une résorption mineure de la greffe a été remarquée dans 24 hanches, une résorption modéré dans deux hanches et majeure dans une.

     

The infected hip after total hip arthroplasty

We studied the cases of fifty-two patients with an infection at the site of a prosthetic total hip replacement, and are reporting the significant clinical features, infecting organisms, methods of treatment, and results at long-term follow-up. Forty-eight per cent of the hips had had an operation prior to the index arthroplasty, and 42 per cent had a wound complication. All patients had pain in the infected hip, but only 54 per cent had an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of more than thirty millimeters per hour, 44 per cent had fever, and 15 per cent had leukocytosis. In 88 per cent of the patients a single organism was grown on culture, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were present in about 75 per cent. When antibiotic therapy alone was the initial treatment, the infection was eradicated in only one patient. Excisional arthroplasty was the definitive surgical procedure in thirty-three patients and the infection was eradicated in twenty-seven of them, but the clinical result was satisfactory in only twenty. Of ten patients who had a true Girdlestone arthroplasty, none had recurrence of the infection and all had a clinically satisfactory outcome.     

Total hip arthroplasty for congenital hip disease

BACKGROUND: It is generally agreed that the clinical and radiographic results of total hip replacement performed for degenerative arthritis secondary to congenital hip disease vary depending on the severity of the anatomical abnormality. In this study, we report the mid-term and long-term clinical and radiographic results of total hip arthroplasty performed for each of the three different types of congenital hip disease. METHODS: Between 1976 and 1994, the senior author performed 229 consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties in 168 patients with osteoarthritis secondary to congenital hip disease. Seventy-six hips were dysplastic, sixty-nine had a low dislocation, and eighty-four had a high dislocation. The Charnley low-friction technique was performed in 178 hips, and the so-called hybrid technique was performed in forty-six hips. Cementless arthroplasty was used in only five hips. RESULTS: After a minimum of seven years of follow-up, the rates of revision of the acetabular components were 15% in the dysplastic hips, 21% in the hips with a low dislocation, and 14% in those with a high dislocation. The rates of revision of the femoral components were 14%, 14%, and 16%, respectively. Survivorship analysis predicted an overall rate of prosthetic survival at fifteen years of 88.8% +/- 4.8% in the dysplastic hips, 73.9% +/- 7.2% in the hips with a low dislocation, and 76.4% +/- 8.1% in those with a high dislocation. CONCLUSIONS: An understanding of the anatomical abnormalities and the use of appropriate techniques and implants make total hip arthroplasty feasible for treatment of the three types of congenital hip disease. In patients with a low dislocation, the major technical problem is reconstruction of the natural acetabulum. In those with a high dislocation, the challenge is to place the acetabular component inside the reconstructed true acetabulum and to use an appropriate femoral implant in the hypoplastic narrow femoral diaphysis.     

Total hip arthroplasty in the ankylosed hip

Altered biomechanics secondary to hip ankylosis often result in degeneration of the lumbar spine, ipsilateral knee, and contralateral hip and knee. Symptoms in these joints may be reduced with conversion total hip arthroplasty (THA) of the ankylosed hip. THA in the ankylosed hip is a technically challenging procedure, and the overall clinical outcome is generally less satisfactory than routine THA performed for osteoarthritis and other etiologies. Functional integrity of the hip abductor muscles is the most important predictor of walking ability following conversion THA. Many patients experience persistent limp, and it can take up to 2 years to fully assess final functional outcome. Risk factors cited for increased risk of failed THA include prior surgical ankylosis and age <50 years at the time of conversion THA.     

Total hip arthroplasty after hip joint ankylosis

Background

Back pain and knee pain are typical secondary degeneration symptoms after hip ankylosis. Take down of hip ankylosis and implantation of a total hip arthroplasty (THA) is believed to be a promising treatment option.

Methods

A total of 22 hip ankylosis patients [15 men, mean age 53.7 years (range 30–72 years); 7 women, mean age 50.8 years (range 42–61 years)] underwent THA during 1980–2000 after spontaneous (n = 10) or surgical (n = 12) fusion of the hip joint. The mean duration of ankylosis prior to THA was 32.5 years (range 2–61 years).

Results

At the mean follow-up of 13.2 years (range 2–19 years), the Harris hip score averaged 84.9 points (range 70.1–99.0 points). All patients (100%) confirmed that they would undergo conversion surgery again. Aseptic loosening of two stems (one cemented, one cementless; 9.5%) and two deep infections (9.5%) required revision surgery.

Conclusions

THA is a promising option for treatment of secondary long-term hip ankylosis sequelae. A conversion operation after spontaneous ankylosis provides better functional outcome than after surgical fusion. However, full function with complete pain relief and a negative Trendelenburg sign might be not attainable in all cases.     

Total hip arthroplasty in chronic unreduced hip fracture-dislocation

We treated 15 patients with chronic unreduced hip fracture-dislocations at our hospital; all patients sustained the fracture-dislocations in motor vehicle accidents. All presented to our institution more than 6 months after initial treatment at their local hospitals with uncontained femoral heads; all underwent 1-stage total hip arthroplasty with bone grafting. These patients were monitored for a mean of 71.5 months (range, 36-96 months). All patients had significantly decreased pain, increased function, and increased range-of-motion scores using the Merle d'Aubigné scoring system. All grafts showed radiographic evidence of union. There were 2 dislocations, 1 transient peroneal nerve palsy, and 1 superficial infection. Total hip arthroplasty is effective for relieving pain and restoring function in chronic unreduced hip fracture-dislocations.     

全髋关节置换术后关节不稳的处理策略

正对于晚期关节炎,全髋关节置换可明显减少疼痛,提高患者的功能,具有较高的满意度和较低的手术并发症[1-2]。全髋关节置换的目标是无痛,活动时关节稳定,获得最大限度的活动范围,没有撞击和下肢长度尽量相等[3]。术后一个重要的并发症就是关节不稳,这是引起关节翻修的原因之一。     

Total hip replacement in the previously septic hip

Total hip replacement was performed in either one or two stages in thirty-three hips with active sepsis. The sepsis had followed hemiarthroplasty in six hips, open reduction with internal fixation of a fracture in eight, cup arthroplasty in one, and total hip replacement in eight hips within six years prior to the second total hip replacement. Ten additional patients had total hip replacement following destruction of the hip joint by hematogenous sepsis in nine and by infection following a shrapnel wound in one. Of these thirty-three patients, twenty-three (70 per cent) reveal no signs of infection at three to nine years after prosthetic replacement. Of the remaining ten in whom an infection developed, six had definite recurrences of the original infection, three were infected with organisms different from the original one, and one was either a local recurrence or reseeding from a persistent pyelonephritis. The success rate when the original organism was gram-positive was 78 per cent, including two of three total hip replacements done in the presence of active infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis. The success with gram-negative organisms, however, was only 58 per cent. The prosthetic failure rate was highest in patients who had had a previous infection about a total hip replacement (37 per cent) and in patients who had had a previous infection but no prior prosthetic or internal fixation devices (37 per cent). The lowest prosthetic failure rates were in patients with an infected hemiarthroplasty (16 per cent), an infection around an internal fixation device (25 per cent), or an infected cup arthroplasty. A complete and differential blood-cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, aspiration arthrogram, and radiographs did not effectively predict success or failure. For gram-positive infections, the success rates were similar following either a one or a two-stage procedure. We found that the success rates could be improved by a repeat course of parenteral antibiotics after the total hip replacement even if all preoperative and intraoperative studies failed to identify an infection. Patients with a successful total hip replacement achieved much better functional results than those who had to have a Girdlestone procedure. However, all patients must be carefully assessed prior to reimplantation of a prosthesis because of the high failure rate, especially with gram-negative organisms (Pseudomonas having the gravest prognosis), even when the procedure is done in two stages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Total hip replacement in the congenitally dysplastic hip

Total hip replacement arthroplasty can relieve pain and improve function for many patients with end-stage arthritis.Patients with congenital hip dysplasia, however, present special problems because of the deformities of the acetabulum and femur.Noncemented porous-coated hemispheric acetabular components available in small sizes, and small, straight-stemmed, cemented, femoral components can be used to deal with the bony deformities and have considerably expanded the success of total hip replacement in such patients.The acetabular dysplasia can be managed in most cases by reaming to the medial wall, inserting small-diameter, porous-coated, acetabular components and stabilizing them with screws to provide rigid initial stability. Small portions of the components can be covered with bone graft chips. If necessary, the acetabular component can be placed more proximal than normal, thus increasing the height of the prosthetic hip center, while restoring the limb length with a longer neck prosthesis. a high total dislocation without the development of an adequate false acetabulum, however, requires trochanteric osteotomy, femoral shortening, placement of the acetabular component in the true acetabulum, and the use of straight-stem femoral components.