后路经伤椎单侧椎弓根通道植骨并置钉短节段内固定修复胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折

背景:短节段椎弓根钉技术治疗和修复胸腰椎爆裂性骨折在临床应用广泛,但经伤椎单侧椎弓根通道内植骨是否具有优越性仍需要进一步研究。目的:观察后路伤椎单侧椎弓根通道植骨并置钉短节段内固定修复胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的围手术期效果。方法:回顾性分析银川市第一人民医院骨科2009年1月至2013年12月采用短节段椎弓根钉内固定方法治疗的57例非合并神经症状单节段胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折患者的临床资料,按照治疗方式分为跨伤椎短节段椎弓根钉内固定组(n=21)、伤椎单侧置钉短节段椎弓根钉内固定组(n=19)、伤椎单侧椎弓根通道并植骨置钉短节段椎弓根钉内固定组(n=17)。观察手术时间、术中出血量、治疗后引流血量(拔管为标准)、伤椎前缘高度比、伤椎矢状面Cobb角、伤椎椎管侵占率、目测类比评分等指标变化。结果与结论:1单侧椎弓根通道植骨并置钉技术可延长手术时间和增加治疗后引流血量(P0.05)。23种治疗方式均可恢复椎体高度。3治疗后3组间Cobb角比较差异无显著性意义(P0.05),提示椎弓根通道植骨在围手术期并非改善后凸畸形的因素。4椎弓根通道植骨为改善椎管侵占率的因素。5椎弓根通道植骨并置钉可改善治疗后疼痛情况。提示后路经伤椎单侧椎弓根通道植骨并置钉短节段椎弓根钉内固定是修复胸腰段椎体爆裂性骨折安全可靠的方法之一。     

人工骨复合物与经伤椎螺钉置入修复胸腰椎骨折可促进新骨形成

背景：单纯伤椎置钉疗法治疗胸腰椎骨折具有较好的疗效,但存在一定不足,如对于重度压缩或爆裂骨折适用性差、伤椎痛感强、易造成伤椎创面失神经支配和椎旁肌损伤及恢复较慢等。 目的：观察人工骨复合物并伤椎螺钉置入修复胸腰椎骨折的临床效果。 方法：纳入126例胸腰椎压缩骨折患者,其中对照组62例采用常规伤椎放置椎弓根螺钉方法治疗,试验组64例采用人工骨复合物联合伤椎放置椎弓根螺钉方法治疗。随访X射线观察两组骨折愈合、椎体前缘高度百分比、矢状位Cobb角及修复6个月后椎体高度丢失率变化。 结果与结论：所有患者均获得随访,修复后12-16个月,两组骨折椎体愈合完全。修复后1周,两组椎体前缘高度与矢状位Cobb角均较修复前改善(P < 0.01),两组间椎体前缘高度与矢状位Cobb角比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);修复6个月后,试验组在伤椎创面可见明显新骨生成,患者基本无痛感,对照组新骨生成较慢,患者仍有痛感,两组椎体前缘高度丢失量与矢状位Cobb角矫正丢失量比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。表明人工骨复合物联合伤椎置钉修复胸腰椎骨折促进新骨形成,有利于患者恢复。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

短节段椎弓根钉内固定结合伤椎内植骨术治疗新鲜胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨短节段椎弓根钉内固定结合伤椎内植骨术治疗新鲜胸腰椎骨折的临床应用及疗效.方法采用后路短节段椎弓根钉系统复位固定并经伤椎椎弓根椎体内植骨术治疗新鲜胸腰椎骨折35例,分别于术前、术后及随访时测量伤椎前、后缘高度和 Cobb 角,比较植骨后推体高度的恢复度和 Cobb 角的纠正度.结果本组病例均获随访,平均随访时间12.5个月.平均骨折愈合时间5.4个月.全部随访患者未出现断钉、断棒及椎弓根钉拔出.所有病例术后及随访时椎体高度和 Cobb 角均纠正良好,脊柱椎体排列良好,椎体内植骨融合良好.其中11例1年后,10例1年半后取内固定物,取内固定物半年后拍片未见椎体高度丢失和塌陷.结论后路短节段椎弓根钉内固定结合伤椎内植骨术治疗新鲜胸腰椎骨折治疗能不仅有效恢复伤椎高度,尽早形成伤椎的骨性愈合,增加伤椎前、中柱的支撑力,重建了伤椎前、中柱的稳定性,而且保留伤椎邻近节段的运动单元功能,恢复脊柱的生理功能,有效防止断钉、内固定物松动、椎体前缘高度丢失、Cobb 角变大、继发腰椎不稳、临近节段间盘退变以及椎管狭窄等并发症的发生.     

经伤椎置钉并人工骨复合物修复胸腰椎骨折:伤椎高度及Cobb角评价

背景:胸腰椎体骨折传统的治疗方法为经后路短节段椎弓根钉内固定,该方法主要通过撑开复位机制,利用伤椎周围软组织的牵拉,能使移位骨块复位,恢复椎体的外形和高度。但通过长期随访发现,部分病例存在伤椎椎体前缘高度丢失、脊柱Cobb角矫正度的丢失,椎弓根钉断裂、松动等并发症。目的:探讨经伤椎置钉并植入人工骨复合物对胸腰椎骨折的修复效果,并与常规椎弓根内固定进行对比。方法:选取烟台山医院2011年3月至2014年5月收治的80例胸腰椎骨折患者,随机分为两组,试验组实施经伤椎置钉并植入人工骨复合物,对照组实施常规椎弓根内固定。记录两组患者治疗前、治疗后6个月疼痛目测类比评分,评价治疗后疼痛缓解情况;测量两组患者治疗前、治疗后1,12个月的伤椎椎体高度(上下正常椎体前缘高度与伤椎前缘高度和的平均值之比乘以100%)和矢状面Cobb角(以X射线片矢状面测量)。治疗后6个月根据国内外常用的用的分级式评价标准,对患者的预后进行评价,分为基本治愈、显效、有效、无效。结果与结论:治疗后6个月,试验组及对照组疼痛目测类比评分分别为2.4分和3.7分,差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。治疗前两组患者在伤椎高度和Cobb角方面对比,差异无显著性意义(P0.05);治疗后1,12月伤椎高度、Cobb角对比,试验组优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后6个月,试验组患者治疗有效率为90%,对照组为73%,两组差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。提示经伤椎置钉并植入人工骨复合物修复胸腰椎骨折可固定骨折处复位,有效恢复受伤椎体高度,防止治疗后出现Cobb角丢失,从而提高治疗有效率。     

经肌间隙入路伤椎置入单向与万向椎弓根螺钉治疗胸腰椎骨折的比较

目的探讨单向与万向椎弓根螺钉经肌间隙入路置入伤椎内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效。方法选取2015年4月至2018年1月我院脊柱外科经肌间隙入路伤椎短节段内固定治疗的42例胸腰椎骨折患者为研究对象,根据使用的椎弓根螺钉分为单向组(n=18)和万向组(n=24),2组患者均行3椎体6钉短节段固定伤椎,其中单向组经伤椎置入单向椎弓根螺钉,万向组经伤椎置入万向椎弓根螺钉,伤椎上下椎体均置入单向椎弓根螺钉。比较2组患者手术时间、术中出血量及在术前、术后1周及术后1年的视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、功能障碍指数(ODI)、矢状位伤椎Cobb角及伤椎前缘高度。结果术后随访1年。2组患者手术时间、术中出血量及术后不同时期的ODI、VAS评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P 0.05)。术前2组患者矢状位伤椎Cobb角及伤椎前缘高度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后1周及术后1年,2组患者矢状位伤椎Cobb角及伤椎前缘高度均较术前有所改善,而单向组患者的矢状位伤椎Cobb角均小于万向组,伤椎前缘高度均大于万向组,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论经肌间隙入路伤椎置入万向与单向椎弓根螺钉内固定均能有效改善患者临床症状,但置入单向椎弓根螺钉对于伤椎前缘高度及矢状位伤椎Cobb角有更好的复位效果,能达到更好的解剖复位。     

伤椎单侧后路短节段内固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨伤椎单侧固定与双侧固定后路短节段内固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折的效果。方法将2013年6月至2015年6月我科收治的73例胸腰椎骨折患者作为研究对象,其中48例附加伤椎双侧置钉的6钉固定患者作为6钉固定组,25例附加伤椎单侧置钉的5钉固定患者作为5钉固定组,随访时间平均24.6个月,对比分析2组患者在手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间和费用、矢状位后凸Cobb’s角、伤椎后凸角、椎体前缘高度、术后矫正度丢失情况、疼痛VAS评分、ODI评分的差异。结果2组患者的手术时间、住院费用比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。2组患者术前与术后患者的矢状位后凸Cobb’s角、伤椎后凸角、椎体前缘高度比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),2组末次随访时矫正度的丢失情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论伤椎单侧内固定技术能够显著矫正胸腰椎骨折的后凸畸形,达到伤椎双侧固定后路短节段内固定术的临床效果,且较伤椎双侧内固定术能够明显减少手术时间和住院费用。     

经伤椎椎弓根螺钉置入内固定修复胸腰椎骨折:3年随访效果评价

背景:既往研究大多采用回顾性、小样本分析应用椎弓根置钉技术修复胸腰椎骨折的近期临床效果,结论较为单薄。同时有学者提出经伤椎置入螺钉可进一步稳定椎体,减少断钉断棒、矫正度丢失等情况。目的:评价经伤椎椎弓根螺钉置入内固定修复胸腰椎骨折的远期效果。方法:选取2010年2月至2012年2月广州市番禺区第二人民医院骨科收治的36例胸腰椎骨折患者,应用经伤椎椎弓根螺钉置入内固定治疗。治疗前伤椎前缘高度比平均36%,脊柱后凸角(Cobb角)25°,椎管正中矢状径60%,神经功能按Frankel分级:A级2例,B级6例,C级10例,D级9例,E级9例。比较患者治疗前和治疗后的伤椎前缘高度比、脊柱后凸角(Cobb角)、椎管正中矢状径以及神经功能Frankel分级情况。结果与结论:治疗后随访3-3.5年,36例患者治疗后疼痛明显缓解,治疗后平均伤椎前缘高度比恢复到95%,脊柱后凸角(Cobb角)为3.5°,椎管正中矢状径恢复到96%,治疗前后患者的上述指标差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。治疗后神经功能恢复情况:A级1例,B级2例,C级3例,D级4例,E级26例。治疗后骨折均获得复位,未发生内固定断裂、松动,矫正丢失等并发症。提示经伤椎椎弓根螺钉置入内固定修复胸腰椎骨折能让骨折获得满意复位,增强脊柱的抗压稳定性,减少内固定断裂和椎体高度丢失,远期效果良好,说明植入物与宿主具有良好的生物相容性。     

伤椎后路椎弓根螺钉置入并椎体内植骨重建胸腰椎椎体的高度

背景：后路短节段经椎弓根内固定器械可使骨折达到近似解剖复位效果,明显提高疗效,但远期随访矫形度数丢失、内固定失败等并发症较普遍。 目的：探讨经伤椎椎弓根螺钉置入固定结合经椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折的可行性。 方法：对73例胸腰椎骨折应用椎弓根钉棒系统后路伤椎一侧椎弓根螺钉置入内固定,对侧经椎弓根通道采用自体骨和同种异体骨行椎体内植骨。 结果与结论：73例随访6个月内均获骨性愈合,脊柱植骨融合率100%,无螺钉松动、折断。1例Frankel分级C级无变化,1例D级无变化,其余患者神经功能及腰背痛明显改善;置入后6个月损伤节段后凸平均Cobb角、伤椎椎体前缘高度、椎管前后径残留程度均较治疗前明显恢复。表明经伤椎椎弓根钉置入内固定结合经椎弓根植骨治疗骨折可获得满意复位,重建椎体高度,增强脊柱的抗压稳定性,减少内固定因应力过大造成的断钉、矫正丢失等并发症。     

伤椎置钉短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折效果报告

目的：讨论经伤椎置钉短节段椎弓根螺钉固定系统治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床效果。方法采用经伤椎椎弓根螺钉3椎体6钉内固定技术治疗60例胸腰椎骨折患者进行回顾性分析。结果本组治疗显示院内固定手术失败率0%,术后伤椎高度矫正率96±15.2%,术后Cobb角变化值17.5±5.65%,远期伤椎高度丢失率1.7±0.57%,远期Cobb角丢失值1.17±0.52%。结论经伤椎椎弓根螺钉3椎体6钉内固定技术治疗胸腰椎骨折效果良好。     

椎弓根钉内固定联合硫酸钙骨水泥椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎骨折32例临床分析

目的探讨椎弓根钉内固定联合硫酸钙骨水泥椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎骨折的优势、临床疗效及经验。方法选取我院2009年2月~2013年2月胸腰椎骨折患者32例,采用后路椎弓根钉内固定联合硫酸钙骨水泥椎体成形术治疗。术前术后及末次随访在侧位X线平片上测量Cobb角,伤椎前、后缘椎体高度,伤椎上、下相邻椎体的前、后缘高度并计算椎体前缘高度压缩率及椎体后缘高度压缩率。术前术后及末次随访分别评估神经功能损伤Frankel分级。结果 32例患者得到随访;术后及末次随访Cobb角、椎体前缘高度压缩率及椎体后缘高度压缩率与术前比较有显著差异(0.05);神经功能损伤按Frankel分级术后及末次随访与术前比较有显著差异(0.05)。结论椎弓根钉内固定联合硫酸钙骨水泥椎体成形术是一种治疗胸腰椎骨折切实有效的治疗手段。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.     

THE ODYSSEY – A JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE: INDIVIDUATION AND MEETING WITH THE ARCHETYPES OF THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Homer's epic tale of the 20-year return of Odysseus from the Trojan War is investigated with particular reference to Jung's theory of individuation. Odysseus' meetings with 'the anima' in the form of goddesses, sirens and female monsters and his visit to Hades demonstrate the confrontation and humanization of aspects of the archetypal level of the psyche, central to Jung's theories of psychic growth and development. Jung's important ideas of the psychoid level and the transcendent function are explored and linked both to his investigations into medieval alchemy and with findings from contemporary neuroscience. The importance of Jung's constructive method of the interpretation of dreams and myths is shown to be central.