老年骨质疏松性桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的治疗评价

目的　对比手法复位石膏托外固定及LCP锁定钢板在治疗老年骨质疏松性桡骨远端粉碎性骨折中的疗效差异。方法2002年8月至2003年8月间,共收治104例老年性骨质疏松性桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的病例,其中使用LCP内固定术治疗的21例,其余采取手法复位石膏托外固定。结果经过平均11.3个月得随访,手法复位组的优良率为68.7%,LCP组的优良率为90.5%。结论LCP锁定钢板在治疗老年骨质疏松性桡骨远端粉碎性骨折中具有显著的优越性。     

开放复位和手法复位治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折疗效比较

目的比较开放复位掌侧锁定钢板内固定和手法复位小夹板外固定治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折的疗效。方法本院收治桡骨远端关节内骨折120例,开放复位掌侧T型锁定钢板内固定术60例,手法复位小夹板外固定术60例。对性别、年龄、骨折分型、术后次日和6个月掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度改变、术后6个月腕关节功能评分进行统计分析。结果 120例患者均得到随访,其中2组病人性别、年龄、骨折分型无统计学差异,术后6个月掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度改变、McBride腕关节功能评分有统计学差异。所有患者无感染、固定物松动、肌腱刺激、腕管综合征等并发症。结论开放复位对桡骨远端关节内骨折在减少复位丢失方面、关节功能改善方面更具优势。     

手法复位与切开复位治疗老年桡骨远端不稳定骨折的比较研究

目的比较手法复位和切开复位2种方法治疗老年桡骨远端不稳定新鲜闭合骨折的临床疗效。方法选取2009年1月~2010年6月收治的65例老年桡骨远端不稳定新鲜闭合骨折患者随机分为手法复位组﹙采用手法复位外固定架治疗,32例﹚和切开复位组﹙采用切开复位钢板内固定治疗,33例﹚,随访比较2种治疗方法的临床疗效。结果所有患者均随访6~12个月,平均10个月,疗效评定参照Jakim评分标准,手法复位组优良率和满意度分别为78.13%和84.38%,切开复位组优良率和满意度分别为84.85%和78.79%,2组优良率和满意度比较差异无统计学意义﹙〉0.05﹚。结论手法复位和切开复位2种方法治疗老年桡骨远端不稳定新鲜闭合骨折均可获得较为满意的疗效。     

腕关节韧带功能解剖在桡骨远端骨折复位中的意义

目的探讨腕关节韧带功能解剖在桡骨远端骨折复位中的意义。方法2008年9月至2009年3月我科门诊收治46例桡骨远端骨折患者采用闭合复位小夹板外固定方法治疗,术后即进行手指、肩、肘关节活动,术后4~6周据骨折愈合情况拆除夹板,进行腕关节指导下的功能锻炼。结果本组46例,有38例获得随访,其中有5例粉碎骨折1周复查时移位明显而改为切开复位内固定术,随访6~12个月。所有骨折伤后2.5~3.5个月愈合,平均3个月,参照Aro关于桡骨远端骨折复位后的功能评价标准,优26例,良8例,可4例,优良率89.5%。结论将腕关节韧带的功能解剖与复位手法相结合加夹板外固定进行桡骨远端骨折复位,是一种治疗桡骨远端骨折的理想方法。     

手法复位外固定架治疗老年桡骨远端不稳定骨折34例分析

传统的手法复位石膏或夹板外固定对于不稳定性桡骨远端骨折固定后常常造成复位丢失,出现桡骨短缩及骨折再移位,导致骨折畸形愈合,腕关节功能障碍。2006年5月至2008年5月,我科应用手法加撬拨复位结合外固定架固定治疗老年桡骨远端不稳定骨折34例,疗效满意,现报告如下。     

掌侧锁定钢板内固定与外固定支架修复桡骨远端不稳定性骨折:随机对照

背景:桡骨远端不稳定性骨折是成人最常见的骨折之一,尽管目前治疗方法较多,但是最佳的修复方法仍存争议。目的:采用前瞻性随机对照的方法比较外固定支架与锁定钢板内固定修复桡骨远端不稳定性骨折的临床效果、并发症及影像学结果。方法:纳入2011年9月至2013年9月收治的122例桡骨远端不稳定性骨折患者,按随机数分配表分为两组,外固定组61例采用闭合复位外固定支架治疗,钢板组61例采用切开复位掌侧锁定钢板内固定治疗。比较两组患者住院天数、骨折愈合时间、腕关节功能及并发症发生率。影像学评估骨折复位质量,包括掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨高度及关节面台阶等。结果与结论:外固定组随访时间12-26个月,钢板组随访时间12-28个月,两组患者随访时间差异无显著性意义(P=0.300)。比较两组患者治疗后临床疗效和影像学结果,发现钢板组患者的住院天数、骨折愈合时间以及术后掌倾角恢复程度明显大于外固定组,而两组患者尺偏角、桡骨高度、腕关节功能、术后并发症发生率以及关节面台阶等方面的差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。提示对于桡骨远端不稳定性骨折,采用外固定支架或掌侧锁定钢板治疗,均可获得满意的临床疗效,但是外固定治疗具有创伤较小、住院天数较短、并发症轻微、骨折愈合较快等优点,尤其适用于老年桡骨远端骨折的修复。     

掌侧锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端Die-punch骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨掌侧锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端Die-punch骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾分析了2014年6月至2015年6月间收治的22例桡骨远端Die-punch骨折病例,所有病例均采用掌侧入路切开复位锁定钢板内固定,并对治疗结果进行定期随访,测量术后不同时间腕关节的活动范围以及肌力并予以功能评分,检查术后的X线以及CT了解骨折复位情况、内固定位置以及骨折愈合情况。结果所有22例病例均获得随访,随访时间12~15个月,平均13个月。骨折均骨性愈合,无内固定松动。腕关节Gartland-Werley评分:优8例,良12例,可2例,差0例。结论掌侧锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端Die-punch骨折的临床疗效满意。     

掌侧锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折临床分析

桡骨远端不稳定性骨折采用手法复位石膏或夹板固定常获得满意效果,由于桡骨远端背侧软组织少,手术常引起切口感染、内固定裸露等。作者自2008年3月至2010年12月采用掌侧入路锁定钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折18例,取得良好的临床疗效,报告如下。     

T形钢板治疗桡骨远端不稳定形骨折32例的临床报告

目的总结桡骨远端不稳定骨折T型钢板内固定治疗的效果,以提高桡骨远端不稳定骨折的治疗效果。方法本组32例均采用T型钢板固定,其中13例因骨缺损较严重同时植骨。结果平均随访17个月,疗效优良者27例,优良率84.38%。结论桡骨远端不稳定骨折手法复位较困难,并因外固定难以维持复位而常发生再移位。这类骨折应尽早切开复位内固定,T型钢板固定牢靠,术后配合功能锻炼,可获得较好效果。     

三种不同固定方式治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的骨愈合

背景：目前研究认为桡骨远端骨折保守治疗对腕关节功能恢复有明显的影响,临床上治疗多倾向于解剖复位桡骨远端关节面、恢复掌倾角及尺偏角,从而有益于腕关节功能恢复。 目的：评价3种不同方式固定桡骨远端粉碎性骨折后腕关节结构功能恢复差异及其优缺点。 方法：临床收治桡骨远端粉碎性骨折患者88例,其中闭合复位石膏外固定35例,闭合复位外固定架外固定28例,切开复位钢板内固定25例,分别对骨折愈合时间、腕关节骨性解剖结构及功能恢复程度进行评估。 结果与结论：所治患者均获骨愈合,愈合时间石膏组为(11.2±2.8)周,外固定架组为(11.8±3.0)周,钢板组为(10.8±2.6)周,外固定架组、钢板组与石膏组比较,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);术后6个月X射线评价钢板组桡骨远端掌倾角及尺偏角大于外固定架组、石膏组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);固定后6个月腕关节功能按改良Gartland and Werley评分标准评价优良率,石膏组为54%,外固定架组为75%,钢板组为92%,外固定架组、石膏组与钢板组比较,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。结果可见3种方式固定桡骨远端粉碎性骨折后骨愈合时间无明显差异,钢板内固定治疗能有效维持桡骨远端骨性解剖结构,对腕关节功能恢复优于外固定架及石膏外固定。     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

The development of the ligament of the head of the femur

The hip joints of 30 human male and female fetuses and stillborns between 20 mm and 350 mm crown-rump length were studied by light microscopy. The ligament of the head of the femur developed in situ as a condensation of mesenchyme at the end of the second month of intra-uterine life (IUL), and was vascularized by branches of acetabular vessels early in the fourth month. In the majority of fetuses older than 5.5 months IUL, vessels in the ligament passed a short way into the femoral head within cartilage canals, to supply a small region around the fovea capitis. The remainder of the head was supplied by vessels in canals from around the upper part of the neck. The ligament changed from predominantly cellular to fibrous during the last 4 months of IUL. This increase in strength suggested significant mechanical functions in utero: limitation of adduction-flexion and opposition to postero-superior dislocation were the most likely.     

Counterpointing the functional role of the forebrain and of the brainstem in the control of the sleep-waking system

This paper reviews the lifetime contributions of the author to the field of sleep-wakefulness (S-W), reinterprets results of the early studies, and suggests new conclusions and perspectives. Long-term cats with mesencephalic transection show behavioral/polygraphic rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), including the typical oculo-pupillary behavior, even when the section is performed in kittens prior to S-W maturation. REMS can be induced as a reflex. Typical non-rapid eye movement S (NREMS) is absent and full W/arousal is present only after a precollicular section. The isolated forebrain (IF) rostral to the transection exhibits all features of W/arousal and NREMS [with electroencephalographic (EEG) spindles and delta waves], arousal to olfactory stimuli, and including the appropriate oculo-pupillary behaviors. These features also mature normally after neonatal transection. REMS is absent from the IF. After deprivation there is NREMS pressure and rebound in the IF, but the decerebrate cat only shows pressure for REMS. Most IF reactions to pharmacologic agents are within expectations, except for the tolerance/withdrawal effects of long-term morphine use which are absent. In contrast, these effects are supported by the brainstem (i.e. seen in the decerebrate cat). In cats with ablation of the telencephalon, or diencephalic cats, delta waves are absent in the thalamus. EEG thalamic spindle waves are seen triggering S for only 4-5 days after ablation. Therefore, true NREMS is absent in chronic diencephalic cats although pre- and postsomniac behaviors persist. These animals are hyperactive and show a pronounced, permanent insomnia; however, a low dose of barbiturate triggers a dramatic REMS/atypical NREMS rebound. Cats without the thalamus (athalamic cats), initially show a dissociation between behavioral hyperactivity/insomnia and the neocortical EEG, which for 15-20 days exhibits only delta and slower oscillations. Fast, low-voltage W rhythms appear later on, first during REMS, but spindle waves and S postures are absent from the start, such that these cats also display only atypical NREMS. Athalamic cats also show barbiturate-sensitive insomnia. Cats with ablation of the frontal cortices or the caudate nuclei remain permanently hyperactive. They also show a mild, but significant hyposomnia, which is permanent in afrontal cats, but lasts for about a month in acaudates. The polygraphic/behavioral features of their S-W states remain normal. We conclude and propose that: (a) the control of the S-W system is highly complex and distributed, but is organized hierarchically in a well-defined rostro-caudal manner; the rostral-most or highest level (telencephalon), is the most functionally complex/adaptative and regulates the lower levels; the diencephalic/basal forebrain, or middle level, has a pivotal role in inducing switching between S and W and in coordinating the lowest (brainstem) and highest levels; (b) W can occur independently in both the forebrain and brainstem, but true NREMS- and REMS-generating mechanisms exist exclusively in the forebrain and brainstem, respectively; (c) forebrain and brainstem S-W processes can operate independently from each other and are preprogrammed at birth; this helps understanding normal and abnormal polygraphic/behavioral dissociations in humans and normal dissociations/splitting in aquatic mammals; (d) NREMS homeostasis is present in the IF, but only REMS pressure after deprivation persists in the decerebrate cat; (e) the thalamus engages in both NREMS and W; (f) insomnia in diencephalic cats is the result of an imbalance between antagonistic W- and S-promoting cellular groups in the ventral brain (normally modulated by the telencephalon); (g) the EEG waves, which are signature for each S-W state, appear to truly drive the concomitant behaviors, e.g. a hypothetical human IF could alternate between behavioral NREMS and W/arousal/awareness; (h) a role for REMS is to keep the individual sleeping at the end of the self-limiting NREMS periods. The need for accelerating research on telencephaling NREMS periods. The need for accelerating research on telencephalic S-W processes and downstream control of the lower S-W system levels is emphasized.     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Involvement of the striatum in the central regulation of the hormonal functions of the gonads

Studies reported here show that intrastriatal administration of corticoliberin to rats decreases the blood testosterone level. However, in conditions of chemical deficiency of dopaminergic transmission in the dorsal striatum induced by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine, the effect of this neurohormone did not appear. It is concluded that extrahypothalamic corticoliberin is involved in regulating the hormonal reproductive system acting via dopaminergic mechanisms. Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 85, No. 4, pp. 594–597, April, 1999.     

Ultrastructure of the endothelium of the drainage system of the eye

The endothelium of the ocular drainage system (Schlemm’s canal, collector tubules, and aqueous veins) in primary juvenile glaucoma undergoes degenerative dystrophic changes with compensatory hypertrophy and proliferation at the initial stages of the glaucomatous process and atrophy and desquamation at advanced and terminal stages. Progressive decrease in the pinocytous function of endotheliocytes, reduction of the protein-synthesizing and mitochondrial compartments of the cytoplasm, and formation of autophagosomes reflect the process of endotheliocyte degeneration in general. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 5, pp. 574–577, May, 2008