女性膀胱颈硬化症手术前后尿动力学对照观察

目的 通过对女性膀胱颈硬化症患者手术前后尿动力学观察,期望发现影响手术疗效的原因.方法 30例女性膀胱颈硬化症患者接受经尿道膀胱颈切开术治疗,每例患者均进行6次尿动力学检查,即术前、术后l、2、3、6个月、1年.结果 手术治疗有效27例,无效3例.治疗有效患者的尿动力学参数最大尿流率增大、平均尿流率增大、残余尿量减少、最大逼尿肌压降低(P＜0.05).无效患者的尿动力学参数最大尿流率、平均尿流率、残余尿量、最大逼尿肌收缩压与术前差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 经尿道膀胱颈切开术是治疗女性膀胱颈硬化症的有效方法,术后仍有排尿梗阻症状患者,虽然手术解决了解剖性梗阻,但此类患者可能合并有功能性梗阻,需进一步行影像尿动力学检查证实.     

女性膀胱白斑患者电切术前后尿动力学检查的临床应用价值

目的探讨尿动力学检查在女性膀胱白斑患者电切术前后的临床应用价值。方法选取2014年9月-2016年1月该院经尿道电切术治疗的37 例女性膀胱白斑患者,分别进行术前和术后3～6 个月尿动力学检查。观察术前尿动力学检查和手术前后尿动力学变化的特点。结果30 例患者术前尿动力学检查异常,占全部患者的81.1%,主要表现为逼尿肌过度活动、膀胱感觉增强、膀胱出口梗阻及逼尿肌活动低下,发生率分别为32.4%（12/37）、21.6%（8/37）、16.2%（6/37）和10.8%（4/37）,尿动力学表现呈多样化。患者电切术后最大尿流率、平均尿流率、最大膀胱容量及膀胱顺应性较术前增加,最大尿道闭合压力较术前降低,差异有统计学意义（p <0.05）;手术前后最大逼尿肌压力、最大尿流率时逼尿肌压力、功能性尿道长度比较,差异无统计学意义（p >0.05）。结论女性膀胱白斑患者多数同时存在下尿路排尿功能障碍,尿动力学检查对患者手术前后下尿路功能的评估、手术疗效的判断、辅助治疗的应用具有指导意义。     

女性膀胱白斑患者尿动力学特征

目的探讨女性膀胱白斑患者尿动力学特征。方法选择48例女性膀胱白斑患者为观察组,20例泌尿系检查及尿动力学检查均正常的女性为对照组。测定尿流率、充盈期膀胱压力、压力-流率和静态尿道压力,比较两组尿动力学检查结果。结果观察组48例均有尿频、尿急症状,其中伴尿痛11例,夜尿增多14例,排尿不畅7例,肉眼血尿5例,镜下血尿25例,伴焦虑、紧张、失眠等精神症状22例。观察组最大尿流率（Qmax）、平均尿流率（Qave）、最大膀胱容量（MCC）、膀胱顺应性（BC）均低于对照组,最大尿道闭合压力（MUCP）高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;两组最大逼尿肌压力（Pmax）、最大尿流率时逼尿肌压力（PQmax）、功能性尿道长度（FUL）比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。女性膀胱白斑患者尿动力学检查异常主要表现为逼尿肌过度活动（DO）、膀胱感觉增强（IBS）、膀胱出口梗阻（BOO）和逼尿肌活动低下（DU）,发生率分别为33.3%（16/48）、22.9%（11/48）、14.6%（7/48）和12.5%（6/48）,其余16.7%（8/48）患者尿动力学检查正常。结论女性膀胱白斑患者尿动力学检查异常表现多样化,多数患者同时存在下尿路排尿功能障碍。     

成年女性膀胱尿道功能障碍患者B超影像尿动力学检查

目的:探讨B超影像尿动力学检查在评估成年女性膀胱尿道功能障碍中的应用价值.方法:用B超影像尿动力学检查方法对39例成年女性膀胱尿道功能障碍患者进行评估.结果:39例膀胱尿道功能障碍患者中压力性尿失禁14例(38.9%),膀胱过度活动症8例(20.5%),逼尿肌无收缩12例(30.8%),原发膀胱颈口梗阻5例(12.8%).尿动力学检查显示压力性尿失禁患者最大尿道闭合压(6.7±3.1)kPa,逼尿肌无收缩患者残余尿量(424.4±241.1)ml,膀胱顺应性(196.9±149.0)ml/kPa.耻骨上B超显示逼尿肌无收缩和膀胱颈口梗阻患者膀胱壁增厚9例,会阴部B超和阴道B超显示压力性尿失禁患者膀胱颈口表现漏斗状12例,尿道增宽7例.结论:B超影像尿动力学检查可以提供更多的膀胱尿道形态和功能信息,提高了膀胱尿道功能障碍诊断的准确性.     

女性膀胱颈梗阻35例临床分析

目的探讨女性膀胱颈梗阻的诊断与治疗方法.方法对35例女性膀胱颈梗阻患者的诊治情况进行回顾性分析.结果 28例行经尿道膀胱颈电切术,7例非手术治疗者定期尿道扩张及药物治疗,效果满意.结论尿动力学检查与膀胱镜检查是诊断的可靠方法,压力-流率检查是诊断膀胱颈梗阻的最有价值的手段,经尿道膀胱颈电切术是治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的最佳治疗方法.     

女性尿失禁患者尿动力学检查

目的:了解尿动力学检查在诊断女性尿失禁中的意义.方法:选取200例女性尿失禁患者为病例组和因上尿路疾病需要手术治疗而下尿路功能正常的20例女性患者为对照组.病例组依据临床和尿动力学检查结果分为急迫性尿失禁患者90例,真性压力性尿失禁患者70例,充溢性尿失禁患者40例.比较各组病例与对照组之间尿动力学参数的差异.结果:真性压力性尿失禁组的最大逼尿肌排尿压、最大尿流率时逼尿肌压力、最大尿道压和最大尿道闭合压显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);急迫性尿失禁组最大膀胱压测定容量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);充溢性尿失禁组最大尿流率、膀胱顺应性、最大逼尿肌排尿压和最大尿流率时逼尿肌压力显著低于对照组,残余尿量和排尿前最大逼尿肌压力显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:尿动力学检查能为女性尿失禁患者的诊断和治疗提供客观依据.     

尿动力学检查在良性前列腺增生症诊治中的应用

目的探讨尿动力学检查在良性前列腺增生症诊疗中的意义。方法对103例前列腺增生患者进行尿流率测定、残余尿量测定、充盈性膀胱测压、压力一流率同步测定、尿道压力测定,并分析检查结果。结果103患者行尿流率测定,25例不能自行排尿,78例患者最大尿流率〈15ml／s、平均尿流率〈10ml／s;逼尿肌稳定67例,逼尿肌不稳定36例;高顺应性膀胱11例,低顺应性膀胱22例,顺应性正常70例;膀胱充盈感觉减退21例,感觉增强23例,感觉正常59例;逼尿肌收缩有力78例,P／Q图显示膀胱出口梗阻66例,可疑梗阻12例,逼尿肌收缩力降低,未能排出尿液25例;103例患者均显示前列腺及功能尿道长度延长,75例患者显示膀胱颈压升高。结论尿动力学检查能正确判断患者是否有膀胱出口梗阻,还可评估膀胱逼尿肌功能,在前列腺增生症的诊断和治疗中具有重要的临床价值。     

产后女性排尿困难的尿动力学分析

目的研究以排尿困难为主诉的产后女性患者的尿动力学变化及其临床意义。方法女性患者,年龄22～37岁,临床表现为排尿费力,采用尿动力学方法检查尿流率、同步膀胱压力容积流率及肛门括约肌肌电图测定。结果非神经原性逼尿肌外括约肌协同失调占53.7%,膀胱颈梗阻占29.6%,外括约肌痉挛症占14.8%;神经原性膀胱尿道功能障碍占1.8%。结论尿动力学检查能了解膀胱的功能状况和膀胱出口梗阻的部位,为临床治疗提供了可靠的依据。     

慢性前列腺炎患者的尿动力学检查

目的:探讨慢性前列腺炎可能存在的下尿路症状,结合尿动力学检查分析其原因。方法:采用丹迪尿流测定仪对20例慢性前列腺炎患者进行尿流率、充盈性膀胱侧压、压力—流率测定、尿道侧压及肌电图检查。结果:不稳定性膀胱9例(45%),低顺应性膀胱5例(25%),膀胱出口梗阻11例(55%),逼尿肌尿道括约肌协同失调7例(35%),其中不稳定膀胱合并膀胱出口梗阻6例,低顺应性膀胱合并膀胱出口梗阻4例,不稳定膀胱合并逼尿肌尿道外括约肌协同失调2例。结论:慢性前列腺炎患者的下尿路症状与不稳定性膀胱、低顺应性膀胱、膀胱出口梗阻及逼尿肌尿道外括约肌协同失调有关,了解这些相关因素对治疗有重要的指导意义。     

慢性非细菌性前列腺炎患者的尿动力学表现及意义

探讨慢性非细菌性前列腺炎的尿动力学表现.方法 采用莱博瑞尿动力检测仪对200例诊断为III型慢性非细菌性前列腺炎患者进行压力―流率测定、尿流率、充盈性膀胱测压、尿道测压及肌电图检查.结果 膀胱出口梗阻92例(46%),不稳定性膀胱66例(33%),逼尿肌尿道括约肌协同失调56例(28%),低顺应性膀胱例23例(11.5%),其中不稳定膀胱合并膀胱出口梗阻27例,不稳定膀胱合并逼尿肌尿道外括约肌协同失调19例,低顺应性膀胱合并膀胱出口梗阻17例.结论 慢性非细菌性前列腺炎患者的尿动力学表现依次为膀胱出口梗阻、不稳定性膀胱、逼尿肌尿道外括约肌协同失调及低顺应性膀胱,考虑患者尿频症状与上述改变有关,建议对治疗效果差的慢性非细菌性前列腺炎患者行尿动力学检查,可达到对症治疗提高治疗效果.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.