血管缝合器与人工压迫止血对冠心病介入术后病人的影响

目的 探讨冠状动脉介入治疗后血管缝合器与人工压迫止血对病人止血时间、制动时间、舒适度及并发症的影响.方法 冠状动脉介入治疗的518例病人,随机分为经皮血管缝合器组(观察组)及人工压迫止血组(对照组),观察2组病人止血时间、制动时间、舒适度及并发症的发生率.结果 血管缝合器组平均止血时间为(4.0±2.5)min,卧床制动时间为(4.0±1.0)h.人工压迫止血组平均止血时间为(16.0±5.5)min,卧床制动时间为(24.0±4.0)h.观察组止血时间及卧床制动时间均明显少于对照组(P＜0.05).4 h后观察组舒适度明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).血管缝合器组如迷走神经反射发生率明显少于人工压迫止血组(P＜0.05).结论 血管缝合器用于冠心病介入术后病人安全有效.     

血管缝合器止血法对心脏介入术后舒适度的影响

目的 观察血管缝合器止血对患者心脏介入诊疗术后卧床制动时间及舒适度的影响.方法 78例患者行心脏介入诊疗术后,分为血管缝合器组(A组,39例)和人工压迫止血组(B组,39例),术后即刻用血管缝合器止血或人工压迫止血,观察卧床制动时间、舒适度.结果 血管缝合器组平均卧床制动时间(4.2±1.6)h;人工压迫止血组平均卧床制动时间为(21.8±2.3)h.2种止血方法的卧床制动时间及舒适度评估有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 用血管缝合器止血可缩短卧床制动时间,减轻患者痛苦,提高患者舒适度.     

血管缝合器止血法对心脏介入术后舒适度的影响

目的 观察血管缝合器止血对患者心脏介入诊疗术后卧床制动时间及舒适度的影响.方法 78例患者行心脏介入诊疗术后,分为血管缝合器组(A组,39例)和人工压迫止血组(B组,39例),术后即刻用血管缝合器止血或人工压迫止血,观察卧床制动时间、舒适度.结果 血管缝合器组平均卧床制动时间(4.2±1.6)h;人工压迫止血组平均卧床制动时间为(21.8±2.3)h.2种止血方法的卧床制动时间及舒适度评估有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 用血管缝合器止血可缩短卧床制动时间,减轻患者痛苦,提高患者舒适度.     

冠状动脉介入治疗后血管缝合器与压迫止血比较研究

目的　探讨经皮冠状动脉造影及冠状动脉腔内成形术及支架术后应用人工压迫止血与血管缝合器止血对患者止血时间、制动时间及并发症的发生率 ,评估血管缝合器止血的疗效及安全性 ,并对其操作要点进行了分析。方法　对接受冠状动脉造影及经皮冠状动脉腔内成形及支架术 (PTCA/stent)的 15 5例患者 ,分为经皮血管缝合器组及压迫止血组 ,观察止血时间、卧床及制动时间、并发症的发生率。结果　人工压迫止血组平均止血时间为 (16± 5 .5 )分钟 ,卧床制动时间为 12小时。血管缝合器组平均止血时间为(4± 2 .5 )分钟 ;单纯冠状动脉造影患者制动 0 .5～ 1小时 ,PTC/stent术后患者止血后制动时间为 2小时。血管缝合器组止血时间及卧床制动时间明显少于人工压迫止血组 (P <0 .0 1)。人工压迫止血组有 5例小血肿 ,1例较大血肿需外科手术处理 ,3例出现血管迷走神经反射 ,1例术后局部渗血。血管缝合器组中有 3例穿刺部位疼痛 ;1例缝线断裂 ,改用手工打结 ;2例小血肿 ;1例有 1条缝线未能拉出 ,更换另外一条缝合器成功止血 ;5例缝合器止血后局部小量渗血需轻压止血 3～ 4分钟 ;无血管迷走神经反射出现。操作成功率96 .5 % (5 5 / 5 7)。血管缝合器组血肿及血管迷走神经反射发生率明显少于压迫止血组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论     

血管封堵器的临床应用效果观察

目的探讨血管封堵器的止血效果及护理观察。方法共有86例患者,41例患者接受血管封堵器止血,为血管封堵器组;45例行人工压迫止血,为人工压迫组。观察两组止血效果、卧床时间及并发症。结果两组止血成功率(人工压迫组86%,血管封堵器组95%)、止血时间[人工压迫组(19.3±5.5)min,血管封堵器组(1.0±0.3)min]、肢体制动时间[人工压迫组(8.0±2.7)h,血管封堵器组(2.0±1.5)h]均有显著性差异(P<0.001)。人工压迫组3例患者局部形成血肿。血管封堵器组仅2例患者拆线后伤口局部有少量渗血,无1例患者出现血肿或大出血。结论血管封堵器止血安全有效,可缩短介入治疗后卧床时间,减轻患者的痛苦,减少护士的护理工作量。     

Perclose缝合器在冠状动脉疾病诊疗术后的应用

【目的】通过与手工压迫止血比较,评价Perclose缝合器在冠状动脉(冠脉)造影(CAG)和介入治疗(PCI)术后应用的止血疗效和安全性。【方法】172例连续患者分成Perclose缝合器组(80例,其中CAG 44例,PCI 36例)和手工压迫组(92例,其中CAG 50例,PCI 42例)。比较两组的止血时间、制动时间、血管并发症、止血成功率。【结果】与手工压迫组比较,Perclose缝合器组的止血时间[CAG为(4±1)vs(30±3)min;PCI为(4±1)vs(35±10)min,均P<0.001]和制动时间[CAG为(5.1±0.6)vs(13.3±1.3)h;PCI为(6.5±1.2)vs(18.3±2.2)h,均P<0.001]显著缩短,血管并发症显著减少(0 vs 16.3%,P<0.001)。止血成功率相似(96.25%vs 96.74%,P>0.05)。【结论】冠脉诊疗术后用Perclose缝合器止血安全、有效。     

应用血管闭合器后不同制动时间对病人舒适度的影响

目的探讨经皮冠状动脉内介入治疗术中应用血管闭合器后病人术侧肢体制动时间。方法将60例病人作为对照组，术后穿刺点用弹性绷带包扎并且用1kg沙袋压迫6h，术侧肢体制动8h，12h后下床活动；观察组80例病人术后穿刺点用弹性绷带包扎，并且用1kg沙袋压迫4h，术侧肢体制动4h，4h后床上活动，观察10min，伤口无渗血即可下床活动。观察比较两组病人舒适度(如腰背酸痛、烦躁、排尿困难、睡眠差)，及穿刺点局部血管并发症的发生率。结果两组病人穿刺点局部血管并发症发生率无显著性差异，但舒适度方面差异有统计学意义。结论经皮腔内冠状动脉介入治疗术中应用血管闭合器缝合止血．病人术侧肢体制动时间可缩短为4h。     

620例冠状动脉介入病人不同止血方法的护理观察

目的:探讨应用Perclose血管缝合器对冠状动脉诊疗术后病人的止血效果及对病人的影响。方法:将我院2002年1月~2005年12月间所做的冠状动脉介入诊治病人620例,按随机方式分两组,缝合止血组296例,传统压迫止血组324例,比较两组的止血时间、术肢制动时间、总卧床时间、并发症的发生率及病人舒适度。结果:无论止血时间、术肢制动时间、总卧床时间、并发症的发生率以及病人舒适度,缝合止血组均优于传统压迫止血组,两组间差异均有极显著性(P<0.001)。结论:Perclose血管缝合止血可缩短止血时间、术肢制动时间、总卧床时间,减少穿刺局部的出血和血肿,并能提高病人的舒适度,减轻腰背酸痛、排尿困难等不适,是一种安全、有效且能减少病人卧床痛苦的止血方法。     

血管缝合器在冠状动脉介入术患者中的应用

目的:探讨血管缝合器在冠状动脉介入术患者中的应用及护理方法。方法:将579例冠状动脉心脏症患者随机分为缝合组270例和压迫组309例,缝合组使用血管缝合器止血,压迫组应用人工压迫止血。结果:缝合组术后并发症的发生率明显低于压迫组(P<0.05)。结论:冠状动脉介入术应用血管缝合器是一种安全、有效的止血的方法,能缩短患者卧床时间,减少术后并发症,提高患者的舒适度,减轻护理工作量。     

心导管术后经皮血管缝合装置的临床研究

目的比较心导管术拔鞘管后,采用经皮血管缝合器(Perclse)止血与人工压迫止血的效果。方法1182例患者在心导管术后,分为血管缝合组(共588例,其中冠状动脉造影290例,介入治疗298例)和手法压迫组(共594例,其中冠状动脉造影300例,冠状动脉介入术294例),分别应用Perclose止血和手法压迫止血,观察止血时间、卧床时间和并发症。结果血管缝合组和手法压迫组比较,止血时间和卧床时间明显缩短,两组并发症有显著性差异,Perclose实施成功率95.30%。结论心导管术后应用经皮血管缝合器缩短了止血时间和卧床时间,减少了患者的痛苦和并发症。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Molecular characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Shigella species isolated from children with moderate to severe diarrhea in northeastern Brazil

Molecular characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined for Shigella species isolated from children with diarrhea in Fortaleza, Brazil. Fecal specimens were collected along with socioeconomic and clinical data from children with moderate to severe diarrhea requiring emergency care. Shigella spp. were isolated by standard microbiological techniques, and we developed 4 multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays to detect 16 virulence-related genes (VRGs). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using disk diffusion assays. S. flexneri and S. sonnei were the predominant serogroups. S. flexneri was associated with low monthly incomes; more severe disease; higher number of VRGs; and presence of pic, set, and sepA genes. The SepA gene was associated with more intense abdominal pain. S. flexneri was correlated with resistance to ampicillin and chloramphenicol, whereas S. sonnei was associated with resistance to azithromycin. Strains harboring higher numbers of VRGs were associated with resistance to more antimicrobials. We highlight the correlation between presence of S. flexneri and sepA, and increased virulence and suggest a link to socioeconomic change in northeastern Brazil. Additionally, antimicrobial resistance was associated with serogroup specificity in Shigella spp. and increased bacterial VRGs.     

护理干预对面部中重度寻常型痤疮的临床疗效影响分析

目的研究护理干预对面部中重度寻常型痤疮的临床疗效影响。方法选取本院在2014年4月~2016年7月诊治的136例面部中重度寻常型痤疮患者,随机分为研究组与对照组,每组68例;所有患者均依据其情况给予对应的治疗,其中对照组在治疗期间给予常规护理,研究组在对照组的基础上再给予综合性护理干预,比较两组的治疗效果及护理满意度情况等。结果患者在接受治疗和护理后,研究组中度与重度患者的治疗效果较对照组均明显提高(P0.05),研究组护理满意度较对照组明显增高(P0.05)。结论对面部中重度寻常型痤疮患者在其治疗期间给予综合性护理干预,具有良好的效果。