X射线CT检测设备的溯源

CT的检测需要一套科学的高质量的检测设备，而目前国内外各种不同厂家的一些设备给出的值和稳定性都存在问题。因此对这些检测设备的质量控制，及其可追溯性和公正性的认定已成为迫在眉睫的问题，为此我们提出研究建立“CT检测设备的检定标准”，其目的就是为了建立与国家基准的溯源关系。本文综合描述了CT检测设备各个不同参数的测量理论、方法、量值溯源关系、溯源方式及实现方式。     

The ARS-2 X-ray diagnostic photographic device

Industrial Association Mosrentgen, Moscow. Moscow Scientific-Research Institute for Diagnostics and Surgery. Translated from Meditsinskaya Tekhnika, No. 2, pp. 11–13, March–April, 1993.     

基于FPGA的数字滤波器在超声诊断设备中的应用进展

在超声诊断系统中,一个重要的环节就是实时处理庞大的超声信号,尤其是用数字硬件电路实时进行信号处理.信号处理的关键部分就是滤波器的设计,数字滤波器的设计会直接影响超声诊断设备的性能.简要介绍数字滤波器的分类,着重介绍近年来基于现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）的多种数字滤波器的硬件实现方法,尤其是经典数字滤波器中基于分布式算法实现有限脉冲响应（FIR）滤波器;分析了每种数字滤波器的优点及存在的问题;展望了超声诊断设备中现代数字滤波器的发展趋势.     

医用诊断X射线源的研究进展

通过研究医用诊断X线机射线源、CT设备X射线源、特殊X射线源等比较X射线产生的物理原理和应用,探索基于韧致辐射的X射线源技术的局限性,提出X线机球管的未来发展方向。X射线的最大应用领域是在医学诊断中基于医学图像引导的诊断和治疗。通过研究其他等效X射线源如液态金属喷射轫致辐射源等,拓宽了X射线的应用领域。展望了X射线球管的关键特性和材料在医学诊断技术发展的前景。     

Selection of electronic equipment for digital X-ray diagnostic scanners

Conclusions  

A concept ideation framework for medical device design

Medical device design is a challenging process, often requiring collaboration between medical and engineering domain experts. This collaboration can be best institutionalized through systematic knowledge transfer between the two domains coupled with effective knowledge management throughout the design innovation process. Toward this goal, we present the development of a semantic framework for medical device design that unifies a large medical ontology with detailed engineering functional models along with the repository of design innovation information contained in the US Patent Database. As part of our development, existing medical, engineering, and patent document ontologies were modified and interlinked to create a comprehensive medical device innovation and design tool with appropriate properties and semantic relations to facilitate knowledge capture, enrich existing knowledge, and enable effective knowledge reuse for different scenarios. The result is a Concept Ideation Framework for Medical Device Design (CIFMeDD). Key features of the resulting framework include function-based searching and automated inter-domain reasoning to uniquely enable identification of functionally similar procedures, tools, and inventions from multiple domains based on simple semantic searches. The significance and usefulness of the resulting framework for aiding in conceptual design and innovation in the medical realm are explored via two case studies examining medical device design problems.     

A time-delay integration charge-coupled device camera for slot-scanned digital radiography

We have developed a low-noise digital camera based on a 512 x 96 element CCD operating in the time-delay integration mode. This camera has been combined with an x-ray image intensifier to record radiographic images produced by a scanning slot beam of radiation. This results in the rejection of a large fraction of scattered radiation, without a significant increase in x-ray tube heat loading or image acquisition time. Here we describe the design of our CCD camera and the results of our investigations of camera resolution, linearity, noise, and quantum efficiency. We have found that both the resolution limit (50 mm-1) and the dynamic range (2100) of this novel camera are greater than reported values for conventional video cameras. Applications of this system in digital angiography and mammography are discussed.     

通过屏幕检测获取数字化X射线照片密度的方法

目的找到一种在数字化X射线照片打印前预测照片密度的方法,以实现更好的照片质量控制,避免在照片密度调整过程中不必要的浪费。方法通过编写计算机程序检测屏幕上指定位置的输出值。采用适当条件对铝梯进行投照,投照后在工作站上调整图像。使得铝梯各阶对比良好,保存并打印图像。在屏幕上由低到高对铝梯各阶进行采样,获取屏幕上各点输出值。使用密度计对打印后的照片进行测量,获得照片上铝梯各阶对应的照片密度。绘制密度曲线,再与相应的照片密度相关联。结果通过上述方法对100张照片进行检测．将对应点预测值和密度计实际测量值进行比较,误差小于5％。结论该方法是对数字化X射线照片密度预测的一种新的尝试．通过一个小程序跨越了从影像的屏幕显示到照片打印之间的多个设备和程序调试环节．直接将屏幕上的输出值和打印后的照片密度进行关联。通过检测屏幕输出值获得照片密度的预测值。     

X-ray scattering in full-field digital mammography

Effects of x-ray scattering on full-field digital mammography are analyzed with the scattering model of Seibert and Boone [Med. Phys. 15, 567-575 (1988)]. A new method is introduced for the estimation of model parameters from measurements. It is shown that with breasts thinner than a certain threshold, removing the anti-scatter grid leads to an improved contrast-to-noise ratio with a smaller patient dose. A fast approximate algorithm is presented for determining the scattered field in a gridless digital mammogram.