TRFIA法检测血清FA和VitB12及其临床应用

TRFIA法检测血清叶酸(FA)、维生素B12(VitB12)的含量,探讨其与各种疾病的关系。结果表明:68名对照组血清FA和VitB12分别为20.13±5.72nmol/L和240.45±58.23pmol/L。6例巨幼红细胞贫血组患者、26例中晚期妊娠妇女组和7例肝硬化组患者的FA和VitB12均明显低于对照组;24例恶性血液病组患者FA明显低于对照组,而VitB12极明显高于对照组;31例缺铁性贫血组和12例慢性再障组患者FA和VitB12含量与对照组无显著性差异;9例慢性萎缩性胃炎组患者FA无明显变化,而VitB12明显低于对照组;10例胃溃疡组患者、31例脑梗死组患者的FA和VitB12均明显低于对照组;57例恶性肿瘤组患者FA明显低于对照组,而VitB12明显高于对照组;42名献血员组FA无明显变化,而VitB12明显低于对照组。本文认为血清FA和VitB12的检测对疾病的诊断、治疗及预后判断具有重要意义;同时各实验室应建立本地区人群的正常参考值。     

血浆HCY检测在慢性肾衰血透患者中的临床意义

目的:观察慢性肾衰血透患者的血浆同型半胱氨酸(HCY)水平及与心脑血管并发症的关系。方 法:对38例透析组患者在服用叶酸和VitB12前后及40例健康对照组作了HCY的测定。结果:慢性肾功能衰竭 (CRF)血透患者血浆HCY水平为(25.12±12.51)μmol/L,明显高于正常对照组(8.2±4.51)μmol/L(P< 0.01)。伴有心脑血管病变者血浆HCY水平(36.8±16.54)μmol/L,明显高于无心脑血管病变者血浆HCY水 平(17.9±5.32)μmol/L(P<0.01)。透析组患者服用叶酸和VitB128周前后HCY水平分别为(25.1±12.51) μmol/L,(13.2±5.74)μmol/L(P<0.01)。结论:CRF血透患者存在高同型半胱氨酸血症,其血浆HCY水平的 升高为心脑血管疾病的独立危险因子,服用叶酸、VitB12可降低HCY水平及防止心脑血管并发症的发生。     

血清叶酸、维生素B12水平与阿尔茨海默病的相关性研究

为研究血清叶酸、维生素B12水平与阿尔茨海默病(AD)的关系,用化学发光法检测了77例AD患者和85名正常老年人的血清叶酸、VitB12的浓度.结果表明:AD组血清叶酸和VitB12浓度明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).AD组血清叶酸和VitB12浓度低于正常的例数明显多于对照组.结论:血清叶酸、维生素B12水平与AD有一定联系,但血清叶酸、VitB12水平与AD的严重程度无联系.     

同型半胱氨酸与老年人心脑血管病变关系的研究

目的比较血清同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、叶酸、维生素B12等与原发性高血压、冠心病、脑卒中病变的关系,探讨其血浓度在预测老年人心、脑血管病变中的意义.方法对224例患原发性高血压、冠心病、脑卒中患者和106例健康体检正常的对照组应用荧光偏振法(FPIA)分析血清HCY和用微粒子酶免疫分析(MEIA)测定血清叶酸、VitB12水平并比较各组间差异.结果心肌梗死组、脑溢血和脑梗死患者的血清HCY水平显著高于正常对照组(p<0.01),而叶酸浓度则明显低于正常对照组(p<0.01).VitB12含量仅在脑梗死组中低于正常对照组.单纯原发性高血压组和心绞痛组的血清HCY和叶酸的含量与正常对照组比较无差异.在冠心病、脑卒患者中血清HCY浓度与血清叶酸浓度呈负相关(r=-0.608,p<0.01;r=-0.687,p<0.01).结论在老年人群中血清HCY浓度增高与低叶酸水平是冠心病、脑血管疾病的一个重要危险因素.用荧光偏振(FPIA)法检测血清HCY浓度可作为评价和预测心、脑血管疾病的一个敏感可信的指标.     

鼻咽癌患者血清同型半胱氨酸与叶酸、维生素B12水平的相关性分析

目的 通过检测鼻咽癌患者血清中同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、叶酸、维生素B12(VitB12)的水平,探讨其相关性及与鼻咽癌临床分期的关系.方法 收集本院明确诊断的鼻咽癌患者60例,同期健康对照组60例,血清Hcy水平测定采用循环酶法,叶酸、VitB12水平测定采用电化学发光免疫分析法.结果 鼻咽癌组血清Hcy水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),叶酸和VitB12水平低于对照组(P＜0.05);血清Hcy、叶酸和VitB12水平与鼻咽癌不同临床分期之间的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 血清Hcy、叶酸和VitB12水平与鼻咽癌存在相关性,三者对鼻咽癌的诊疗有一定的临床价值.     

同型半胱氨酸与老年人心脑血管病变关系的研究

目的　比较血清同型半胱氨酸 (HCY)、叶酸、维生素B12 等与原发性高血压、冠心病、脑卒中病变的关系 ,探讨其血浓度在预测老年人心、脑血管病变中的意义 .方法　对 2 2 4例患原发性高血压、冠心病、脑卒中患者和 10 6例健康体检正常的对照组应用荧光偏振法 (FPIA)分析血清HCY和用微粒子酶免疫分析 (MEIA)测定血清叶酸、VitB12 水平并比较各组间差异 .结果　心肌梗死组、脑溢血和脑梗死患者的血清HCY水平显著高于正常对照组 (p <0 .0 1) ,而叶酸浓度则明显低于正常对照组 (p<0 .0 1) .VitB12 含量仅在脑梗死组中低于正常对照组 .单纯原发性高血压组和心绞痛组的血清HCY和叶酸的含量与正常对照组比较无差异 .在冠心病、脑卒患者中血清HCY浓度与血清叶酸浓度呈负相关 (r=- 0 .6 0 8,p<0 .0 1;r=- 0 .6 87,p<0 .0 1) .结论　在老年人群中血清HCY浓度增高与低叶酸水平是冠心病、脑血管疾病的一个重要危险因素 .用荧光偏振 (FPIA)法检测血清HCY浓度可作为评价和预测心、脑血管疾病的一个敏感可信的指标     

AD患者血浆ET和血清FA﹑VitB12检测的临床意义

目的:探讨阿尔茨海默病患者血浆ET和血清叶酸(FA)、维生素B12(VitB12)水平的变化及意义.方法:应用放射免疫分析和化学发光法检测了41例阿尔茨海默病患者血浆ET和血清FA、VitB12水平并与35名正常健康人作比较.结果:阿尔茨海默病患者血浆ET水平非常显著地高于正常人组(P＜0.01),而血清FA、VitB12水平则显著地低于正常人组(P＜0.01).且血浆ET水平和血清FA、VitB12水平呈明显的负相关(r=-0.6018、-0.7124,P＜0.01).结论: 检测阿尔茨海默病患者血浆ET和血清FA、VitB12水平的变化对判断病情和评价疗效均有重要的临床价值.     

复发性流产患者叶酸代谢水平及叶酸干预对妊娠的影响研究

目的探讨复发性流产患者同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、叶酸水平及叶酸干预对妊娠的影响。方法收集复发性流产查因患者46例,正常孕前检查者50例,检测所有研究对象Hcy、叶酸水平以及叶酸代谢相关基因位点(MTHFR基因的C677T、A1298C位点以及MTRR基因的A66G位点),根据检查结果提示的风险给予不同剂量及疗程的叶酸进行干预,随访两组妊娠后叶酸代谢情况、妊娠并发症及妊娠结局。结果复发性流产组患者流产查因时血清Hcy水平(14.34±5.92μmol/L)明显高于对照组孕前水平(8.25±3.41μmol/L),血浆叶酸(6.56±2.04 ng/m L)和红细胞叶酸水平(408.52±134.78ng/m L)均明显低于对照组(12.22±3.30ng/m L,550.63±168.71 ng/m L),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。复发性流产组基因异常率67.4%(31/46)明显高于对照组(8.0%,4/50),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。叶酸干预后,复发性流产患者中正规干预组红细胞叶酸水平明显上升,血清Hcy下降,流产率(5.9%,2/34)、早产率(17.6%,6/34)和妊娠并发症率(11.8%,4/34)均明显低于未正规干预组(25.0%,3/12;41.7%,5/12;41.7%,5/12),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论复发性流产患者血清同型半胱氨酸水平高于正常女性,体内叶酸水平偏低,叶酸代谢相关基因异常率较高,叶酸正规干预可改善患者叶酸代谢紊乱、降低同型半胱氨酸水平,有利于减少妊娠并发症和改善妊娠结局。     

IL-8、IL-1β、TNF-α水平在COPD发病中意义的探讨

目的:检测慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者诱导痰液和血清中白细胞介素-8(IL-8),白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β),肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平,探讨细胞因子在COPD发病中的作用.方法:选取符合COPD诊断标准的患者88例、健康对照者96例,采用放射免疫分析COPD急发期(AECOPD)、缓解期患者、健康对照组的诱导痰和血清IL-8、IL-1β、TNF-α水平,并比较AECOPD患者血清中IL-8,IL-1β,TNF-α水平与肺功能FEV1.0的相关性.结果:健康吸烟组和AECOPD与COPD稳定期患者诱导痰中IL-8分别为(2.72±1.39)μg/L、(5.76±3.87)μg/L、(3.52±2.18)μg/L,IL-1β分别为(2.67±1.38)μg/L、(3.95±2.16)μg/L、(2.98±1.37)μg/L,TNF-α分别为(74.28±24.83)pmol/L、(148.32±32.74)pmol/L、(95.62±17.35)pmol/L;血中IL-8分别为(1.37±2.62)μg/L、(4.26±3.16)μg/L、(2.66±1.54)μg/L,IL-1β分别为(1.78±1.26)μg/L、(3.69±3.52)μg/L、(2.42±1.87)μg/L,TNF-α分别为(46.53±31.77)pmol/L、(102.92±72.68)pmol/L、(59.62±33.87)pmol/L;三组比较差异具有统计学意义.且痰液和血清中IL-8,IL-1β,TNF-α水平高低与第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1.0)呈显著负相关.结论:IL-8,IL-1β,TNF-α等细胞因子在COPD的发病及急性加重中起重要作用,而且与机体的系统性炎症反应有密切关系.     

结肠癌患者血清脂联素和胃饥饿素水平的临床分析

目的 检测结肠癌患者血清脂联素和胃饥饿素水平,并探讨二者的关系.方法 收集2010年1月至2013年12月的82例结肠癌患者和30例同期健康体检者血液.分别使用酶联免疫吸附分析(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)方法和放射免疫法检测结肠癌患者和对照组血清脂联素和胃饥饿素水平.比较结肠癌患者与对照组和未转移组和淋巴结转移组脂联素和胃饥饿素水平,并对结肠癌患者血清脂联素和胃饥饿素水平进行相关性分析.结果 结肠癌患者血清脂联素水平显著低于健康对照组(5.51 ±2.33ng/L vs.13.96±2.95ng/L,P＜0.0001);淋巴结转移组明显低于未转移组患者(3.62 ±2.03ng/L vs.6.91 ±5.12ng/L,P＜0.001).结肠癌患者血清胃饥饿素水平显著高于对照组(156.0±55.1pmol/L vs.58.5土25.9pmol/L,P＜0.001);淋巴结转移组明显高于未转移组患者(164.8±15.1pmol/L vs.93.2±20.9pmoL/L,P＜0.001).结肠癌患者血清脂联素与饥饿素水平无相关性(r=0.083,P=0.729).结论 血清脂联素水平降低和胃饥饿素水平升高与结肠癌发病和转移显著相关,提示血清脂联素和胃饥饿素检测对于结肠癌的早期诊断和病程有一定的临床意义.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.