经口内镜下肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效分析（附30例报告）

目的观察分析经口内镜下肌切开术(POEM)治疗贲门失弛缓症(AC)的临床疗效。方法收集2013年3月-2017年6月实施POEM的30例AC患者,评估手术前后Eckardt评分,记录食管动力测压结果、体质指数(BMI),总结手术完成情况、术后并发症及随访过程等资料。结果 30例患者行POEM治疗成功率100.0%,3例患者发现皮下气肿,2例有轻微胸骨后不适,4例有术后发热,1例发生迟发的上消化道出血。术后Eckardt评分(1.1±0.6)分与术前(5.2±1.3)分对比明显降低(P0.05),术后BMI(22.6±2.9)kg/m~2与术前(19.2±1.8)kg/m~2相比较前增加(P0.05)。食管动力学指标中,食管下括约肌静息压(LESP)术后(18.2±9.5)mm Hg对比术前(46.7±15.8)mm Hg明显降低(P0.05),食管下括约肌完整松弛压(IRP)术后(10.5±2.5)mm Hg对比术前(22.8±8.3)mm Hg也明显下降(P0.05),食管下括约肌长度(LESL)术后(2.5±0.5)cm对比术前(2.9±0.8)cm明显缩短(P0.05)。食管上括约肌静息压(UESP)和食管上括约肌长度(UESL),手术前后差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 POEM是治疗AC的有效手段,其短期疗效确切,且安全性相对较高,部分食管动力学指标较前改善,但其远期并发症及有效性还需大样本进一步随访。     

心理护理在经口内镜下环形肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症患者中的应用

目的：探讨心理护理联合经口内镜下环形肌切开术( POEM)治疗贲门失弛缓症( AC)的效果。方法选择2011年6月—2012年6月确诊AC行POEM手术患者80例,围术期给予心理干预。手术前后采用Eckardt评分比较患者AC临床症状改善情况,采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表( HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表( HAMD)比较患者心理改善情况。结果80例AC患者术前Eckardt评分平均(8±3)分,术后3个月平均(2±2)分,术后6个月平均(2± 1)分,手术前后比较差异有统计学意义(H=155.613,P<0.01)。术前HAMA>14分患者19例,术后3个月降至5例,手术前后患者焦虑情况比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=19.030,P<0.01);术前HAMD>20分患者12例,术后3个月降至3例,手术前后患者抑郁情况比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.522,P<0.01)。结论 POEM手术联合心理护理治疗AC对焦虑抑郁情绪的改善及临床症状的缓解具有良好的效果,并发症少,安全可行。     

经口内镜下肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症临床疗效和并发症的分析

目的探讨经口内镜下肌切开术(POEM)治疗贲门失弛缓症(AC)的临床疗效和并发症。方法对2013年1月-2015年1月该院消化内镜中心的38例AC患者进行POEM治疗,观察手术相关并发症和胃食管反流情况,并对比分析治疗前后贲门失弛缓症临床症状评分系统(ECKARDT)评分和食管下段括约肌(LES)压力变化。结果 38例均成功实施POEM手术,无1例出现与POEM相关的严重并发症,出血、气体相关并发症均保守治疗成功。术后随访时间10.4个月(9~12个月),所有患者症状缓解,ECKARDT评分平均分从术前的8.7分降至术后的1.2分(P0.01),食管括约肌压力明显降低,平均压从术前的(33.40±11.80)mm Hg下降至术后的(13.50±4.30)mm H(g P0.01),气体相关并发症6例(15.78%),食管反流总发生率为23.68%(9/38)。结论 POEM用于AC的治疗是安全、有效的,并且具有较好的远期疗效。     

经口内镜下肌切开术与球囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效比较

目的对比球囊扩张术(PD)与经口内镜下肌切开术(POEM)的疗效。方法本研究为回顾性研究,纳入了由2011年7月到2013年7月总共102例明确诊断为贲门失弛缓症的患者。其中77例患者接受了POEM,另外25例患者接受了PD。观察并对比两组患者术前术后症状缓解情况、下段食管括约肌压力、手术时长、术中和术后并发症、手术风险以及住院时长等。结果 POEM组含有77例患者,而PD组有25例患者。经过一系列术前检查,发现两组患者之间的BMI、性别、年龄以及术前的食管测压、Eckardt评分并没有存在显著差异。术后3个月时两组患者均获得明显的临床缓解,POEM组患者的Eckardt评分(1.40±1.20 vs.1.48±1.42,P<0.777)以及术后LES压力[(14.45±6.14)mm Hg vs.(16.84±7.34)mm Hg,P<0.874]和PD组相比并没有统计学差异。而POEM组患者的手术耗时[(60.54±24.02)min vs.(23.91±3.68)min,P<0.00]、住院时长[(9.49±4.45)d vs.(5.76±2.26)d,P<0.00]以及术中并发症发生率(18.2%vs.0%,P=0.00)均要显著高于PD组。但术后12个月时的随访复查发现PD组的Eckardt评分(1.18±1.08 vs.4.23±2.06,P<0.00)和LES压力[(13.42±5.56)mm Hg vs.(38.27±9.13)mm Hg,P<0.00]显著高于POEM组。结论相比POEM术,PD术简单易行,安全性相对较高,且两者对于治疗贲门失弛缓症都有良好的短期疗效。但对于PEOM患者,症状缓解更加稳定,症状不会复发。而接受PD治疗的患者,往往未来需要接受重复或更进一步治疗。     

高分辨率食管测压在经口内镜下肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症中的应用价值

目的 对贲门失弛缓症(AC)患者实施经口内镜下肌切开术(POEM),在术前术后行高分辨率食管测压(HRM),评估POEM手术的疗效,进一步探讨HRM在POEM治疗AC中的临床应用价值.方法 纳入2018年1月-2019年12月就诊于青岛大学附属烟台毓璜顶医院消化内科确诊为AC并行POEM术的患者26例,记录术前Ecka...     

经口内镜下肌切开术与经胸Heller术治疗贲门失弛缓症的临床疗效对比

目的对比分析贲门失弛缓患者经口内镜下肌切开术(POEM)与经胸食管贲门部黏膜外肌层切开手术(即Heller术)的临床疗效及安全性。方法回顾性研究2012年1月-2014年10月该院78例确诊为贲门失弛缓症患者。其中,接受POEM术患者为42例,接受Heller术患者36例,观察并对比两组患者术后症状缓解情况、食管下段括约肌(LES)静息压力、Eckardt评分、术中和术后并发症发生率、手术时长、住院时间及住院费用等。结果两组患者术后均获得明显的临床缓解,POEM组患者的并发症发生率、Eckardt评分及LES静息压力和Heller术组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。而POEM组患者的手术耗时、住院时长及住院费用均明显低于Heller术组(P0.05)。结论 POEM作为一种近期疗效显著的内镜微创手术方式,与外科手术疗效相当,对患者造成的创伤小,痛苦小,使患者耐受性好,住院时间及住院费用减少,值得推广。     

经口内镜下食管环形肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症患者的围手术期护理

目的 探讨经口内为镜下食管环形肌切开(POEM)手术治疗贲门失弛缓症患者(EA)的围手术期护理方法.方法 对21例患者进行术前健康宣教、术后护理、重视并发症的观察以及出院指导等相关环节的护理.结果 21例EA患者均顺利完成POEM术,术后3个月Eckardt评分为(1.8±1.2)分,LES压力为(21.4±8.6)mm Hg,明显低于术前的(9.8±1.3)分和(58.1±13.5)mm Hg,差异有统计学意义(t分别为34.384,15.069;P＜0.05),且与术前相比患者平均体重增加(6.1±2.6)kg,差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.742,P ＜0.05).术后发热发生率为52.3％,胸痛发生率为76.1％,颈胸部皮下气肿发生率为9.5％,气胸发生率为4.7％,无一例消化道出血的并发症.POEM手术成功率达100％.结论 完善患者围手术期的护理,是确保手术成功的重要环节,能有效促进患者康复,减少疾病复发,从而极大地提高患者生活质量.     

经口内镜下肌切开术在儿童贲门失弛缓症中的应用

目的探讨经口内镜下肌切开术(POEM)治疗儿童贲门失弛缓症(AC)的临床疗效及并发症发生情况。方法回顾性分析该院2012年11月-2016年11月确诊AC并接受POEM治疗的17例患儿的临床表现、POEM手术过程及术后随访情况。结果 17例患儿均成功完成POEM,无严重并发症发生,手术时间(62.65±35.54)min;17例患儿术后随访12~36个月,手术前后AC临床症状评分(Eckardt评分)分别为5(4.0-6.0)和0(0.0-1.0)分,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),临床症状明显缓解,体重减轻情况明显改善。结论 POEM治疗儿童AC安全性高,短期疗效确切,长期疗效及远期并发症有待大样本量的随访监测。     

应用短刀头强力电凝行经口内镜食管下括约肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症的效果

目的 分析应用回缩Dual刀头强力电凝行经口内镜食管下括约肌切开术(POEM)治疗贲门失弛缓症(AC)的安全性及有效性.方法 分析2016年1月-2019年3月广州医科大学附属第一医院29例AC患者的临床资料,患者均接受POEM治疗,随访满24个月.记录手术操作时间、术中及术后并发症发生率和Eckardt评分.结果 平...     

经口内镜下肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症的中长期疗效

【目的】探讨经口内镜下肌切开术（POEM ）治疗贲门失弛缓症（AC ）的中长期疗效。【方法】应用POEM治疗133例AC患者,术后定期随访,收集患者一般情况、症状评分、并发症、复发、内镜及钡餐检查等资料。【结果】133例患者均成功完成手术,平均操作时间为58．8 min ,隧道长度平均为13．5 cm ,肌切开长度平均为10．4 cm。术后患者症状明显缓解,Eckardt评分较术前明显降低（6．4 vs 0．5,P ＜0．001）;食管直径较术前显著缩小（59．0mmvs32．4mm,P ＜0．001）;并发症发生率为6．8％（9／133）,其中气肿发生率为4．5％（6／133）;平均随访19．3个月,99．2％（132／133）有效,随访期内无一例复发。【结论】POEM 治疗AC可获得满意的中长期疗效,其远期疗效及并发症仍有待于进一步随访评估。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.