腹腔镜超声联合CT三维重建引导腹腔镜肝切除术

目的 观察腹腔镜超声（LUS）联合CT三维重建引导腹腔镜肝切除术（LH）的价值。方法 回顾性分析78例接受LH的肝细胞癌（HCC）患者,根据是否接受术前CT三维重建及LUS分为观察组（n=46）或对照组（n=32）;比较组间临床资料、围手术期资料及预后。结果 组间临床资料差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）,而肿瘤主体所在肝段、切除方式、肿瘤切缘、手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后并发症分级及发生率差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。随访期间观察组死亡15例,对照组死亡14例;组间无瘤生存率差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.210,P=0.040）。结论 LUS联合CT三维重建用于引导LH可降低术中损伤和并发症发生率、提高HCC 患者无瘤生存率。     

常规超声评估继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的严重程度

目的 采用常规超声评估继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进（SHPT）患者的严重程度。方法 将50例甲状旁腺增生的SHPT患者按甲状旁腺激素（PTH）浓度分为4组：A组,PTH<250 ng/L（n=8）;B组,250 ng/L≤PTH<600 ng/L （n=12）;C组,600 ng/L≤PTH<800 ng/L（n=18）;D组,PTH≥800 ng/L（n=12）。观察并比较4组甲状旁腺腺体的形态、大小、增生数目、内部回声及血供情况,对21例术后患者进行病理与超声结果对照。结果 4组间的超声表现差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,随PTH浓度增高,甲状旁腺超声表现为形态更不规则,体积更大,内部回声不均匀,血供更丰富;超声表现存在一定交叉。C组和D组手术患者病理与超声表现符合率分别为66.67%（6/9）和100%（12/12）。结论 超声检查可清晰显示甲状旁腺腺体的形态和血供特征,对评估SHPT的严重程度具有一定的临床价值,但超声表现存在一定的交叉,还需结合其他超声技术进一步提高评估SHPT严重程度的准确率。     

双能量CT碘图定量参数鉴别诊断鼻腔鼻窦肿块样息肉与肿瘤

目的 观察双能量CT动脉期碘图定量参数鉴别诊断鼻腔鼻窦肿块样息肉与肿瘤的价值。方法 回顾性分析80例术前接受双能量CT并经手术病理证实鼻腔鼻窦肿块患者，根据病理结果分为息肉组（n=26）、良性肿瘤组（n=24）及恶性肿瘤组（n=30）。分别测算3组病灶动脉期碘浓度（IC）、标准化碘浓度（NIC）及碘图CT值（Overlay值），比较组间参数差异；将良性肿瘤组和恶性肿瘤组合并为肿瘤组（n=54），分别绘制动脉期碘图各定量参数鉴别鼻腔鼻窦肿块样息肉与肿瘤的ROC曲线，评估其诊断效能。结果 良性肿瘤组（H=-4.13、-2.80、-4.00）和恶性肿瘤组（H=-7.02、-5.75、-6.12）动脉期IC、NIC及Overlay值均高于息肉组（P均<0.05）；恶性肿瘤组动脉期IC及NIC高于良性肿瘤组（H=-2.60、-2.73，P均<0.05），而Overlay值与良性肿瘤组差异无统计学意义（H=-1.85，P=0.20）。动脉期IC鉴别鼻腔鼻窦肿块样息肉与肿瘤的AUC（0.95）大于NIC（0.85）及Overlay值（0.91），诊断阈值取1.15 mg/ml时，诊断敏感度、特异度及约登指数分别为81.50%、96.20%及78.00%。结论 双能量CT动脉期碘图定量参数对鉴别诊断鼻腔鼻窦肿块样息肉与肿瘤具有一定应用价值。     

MSCTA术前评估复杂颅颈交界区畸形

目的 评估MSCTA在复杂颅颈交界区畸形术前检查的必要性及临床意义。方法 收集接受手术治疗的30例复杂颅颈交界区畸形患者,其中16例术前仅接受常规CT及MR检查（常规组）,14例于常规CT及MR检查外接受枕颈部MSCTA检查（CTA组）。对CTA组扫描数据进行三维重建,评估骨骼畸形、椎动脉V3段走行、变异及静脉丛的异常分布情况,拟定个体化手术治疗方案;比较两组手术时间、术中出血量差异及并发症情况。结果 CTA组骨骼畸形、椎动脉V3段变异呈明显个体化特点,平均手术时间（182.86±27.37）min,术中出血量（165.71±42.19）ml,无明显并发症,随访治疗效果满意。常规组平均手术时间（205.31±29.86）min,术中出血量（246.25±155.22）ml,1例患者术中左侧椎动脉损伤,术后出现小脑梗死,积极处理后随访好转。两组手术时间差异无统计学意义（t=1.878,P=0.071）,CTA组术中出血量少于常规组（t=2.136,P=0.042）。结论 MSCTA是一种研究颅颈交界区骨骼血管解剖及变异的可靠方法,术前有必要行头颈部MSCTA检查,有利于减少并发症,降低手术风险。     

梅奥粘连概率评分对T1期肾癌患者外科治疗的指导效果研究

目的 探讨肾周脂肪梅奥粘连概率（MAP）评分对T₁期肾癌患者外科治疗的指导效果。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月－2018年12月该院收治的200例T₁期肾癌患者的临床资料,依据肿瘤切除术式进行分组。其中,A组行经腹腔开腹部分肾切除术（OPN）（n = 49）、B组行腹腔镜部分肾切除术（LPN）（n = 67）、C组行开放性肾癌根治术（ORN）（n = 33）、D组行腹腔镜根治性肾切除术（LRN）（n = 51）。按照MAP评分标准将各组进行亚分组：MAP低度组（0～1分）、MAP中度组（2～3分）和MAP高度组（4～5分）。分析MAP评分系统与肾切除术式的关系,并评估围术期不同术式组MAP评分与手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症的相关性。结果 A组和C组患者中,MAP低度组、中度组、重度组的手术时间、术中出血量比较,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;MAP低度组的术后并发症发生率低于中度组和高度组,中度组低于高度组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;B组和D组患者中,MAP低度组手术时间短于中度组和重度组、术中出血量少于中度组和重度组、术后并发症发生率低于中度组和重度组,且中度组低于重度组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。B组和D组影像学MAP评分与手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症呈正相关（P < 0.05）。结论 MAP评分可有效指导T₁期肾癌切除术式的选择,MAP评分低度和中度患者可选择腹腔镜手术,MAP评分高度患者可选择开放性手术,且MAP评分可用于评估LPN及LRN的围手术期相关临床指标。     

超声评价慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者膈肌运动异常

目的 探讨超声评价慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者膈肌运动异常的价值。方法 收集64例COPD急性加重期患者,根据2017GOLD指南综合评估将其分为C组（n=34）和D组（n=30）,以超声测量膈肌厚度、膈肌运动幅度及对合角,计算膈肌增厚分数及膈肌移动度。结果 C组膈肌增厚分数和收缩速度均明显大于D组（P均<0.05）,而2组膈肌移动度和对合角差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。膈肌增厚分数与第1秒用力呼气量/用力肺活量（FEV1/FVC）呈正相关（r=0.26,P=0.04）,膈肌移动度（r=0.35,P<0.01）、膈肌收缩速度（r=0.43,P<0.01）均与FVC呈正相关。DTF对鉴别诊断C、D组COPD性能相对较好（AUC为0.78）,DTF=30.22%,其诊断敏感度70.60%,特异度83.30%。结论 超声可评价COPD患者膈肌功能障碍,指导稳定期康复治疗。     

CT测量残肝比在肝母细胞瘤患儿术前评估中的应用

目的 探讨CT测量残余肝脏体积比（残肝比）在肝母细胞瘤患儿术前评估中的应用价值。方法 选取40例经手术病理证实的肝母细胞瘤患儿,平均年龄（1.8±0.8）岁,术前均行增强CT检查,并测量全肝脏体积、预切除肝脏体积,计算标准化肝脏体积、残余肝脏体积,按照公式残肝比=残余肝脏体积/标准化肝脏体积×100%计算残肝比。术中以水浸法测量实际手术切除肝脏体积,并与CT测量预切除肝脏体积进行比较;以ROC曲线评价残肝比预测术后肝功能中重度与轻度损害的效能。结果 术前CT测量预切除肝脏体积为（393.62±216.54）cm³,术中以水浸法测得实际肝脏切除体积为（388.38±207.56）cm³,差异无统计学意义（t=1.679,P=0.101）。患儿残余肝脏体积为（234.55±70.42）cm³,残肝比为（63.64±13.70）%。ROC曲线结果显示残肝比预测术后肝功能中重度与轻度损害的AUC为0.837（P=0.016）,临界值为56.32%,敏感度为86.7%,特异度为70.0%。结论 肝母细胞瘤患儿术前采用CT计算残肝比,对于选择手术方案以及术后肝功能评估具有重要价值。     

儿童郎格罕细胞组织细胞增生症腹部超声表现

目的 探讨钆塞酸二钠（Gd-EOB-DTPA）增强MRI评估肝功能正常者及肝功能受损患者肝脏储备功能。方法 将99例乙型肝炎肝硬化肝功能异常者分为Child-Pugh A级（Child-Pugh A级组;n=48）、B级（Child-Pugh B级组;n=40）、C级（Child-Pugh C级组;n=11）,以21例无慢性肝病肝功能正常者为肝功能正常组（n=21）。行Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI,于注射对比剂后3 min、10 min、20 min图像计算全肝及各肝段相对强化程度（RE）,比较不同肝功能分组间、各肝段间（S1~S8）肝脏RE的差异。结果 增强后3 min、10 min、20 min,Child-Pugh A级、B级、C级组与肝功能正常组间全肝RE和各肝段RE总体差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。增强后3 min、10 min、20 min,肝功能正常组及Child-Pugh A级组各肝段间RE差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,Child-Pugh B级组增强后10 min、20 min和Child-Pugh C级组增强后20 min各肝段间RE差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。结论 Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI可准确评估全肝及各肝段的功能。     

增强CT影像组学列线图预测膀胱尿路上皮癌肌层浸润

目的 评价增强CT影像组学列线图预测膀胱尿路上皮癌肌层浸润的可行性。方法 纳入91例膀胱尿路上皮癌患者,根据手术病理结果分为非肌层浸润性膀胱癌（NMIBC）组（n=51）和肌层浸润性膀胱癌（MIBC）组（n=40）,比较组间CT特征差异。利用Mazda软件提取病变纹理参数,以Lasso算法筛选,联合十折交叉验证构建Logistic回归影像组学列线图。绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线,计算曲线下面积（AUC）,评估列线图预测膀胱尿路上皮癌肌层浸润的效能。结果 CT形态不规则多见于MIBC组,NMIBC组与MIBC组肿瘤CT形态特征差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Logistic回归组学列线图预测肌层浸润AUC为0.881,特异度为76.5%,敏感度87.5%,危险因素包括动脉期S（3,3）SumAverg、S（4,-4）InvDfMom及静脉期S（3,-3）DifEntrp、Perc.90%。结论 增强CT影像组学列线图有助于术前预测膀胱尿路上皮癌肌层浸润。     

混合型肝癌的多期增强影像表现及与其他类型原发性肝癌的比较

目的 探讨混合型肝癌（cHCC-CC）的CT、MRI多期增强影像表现,并与其他类型原发性肝癌对比分析。方法 回顾性分析25例经病理证实的cHCC-CC的多期增强影像表现,并依据临床及影像表现分别与200例普通类型肝细胞癌（HCC）、51例硬化型肝癌（SHCC）、104例肝内肿块型胆管癌（IMCC）进行比较,分析其差异。结果 cHCC-CC的多期增强强化方式主要分为3种：动脉期肿瘤呈整体不均匀强化,平衡期仍见持续不均匀强化（n=12）;动脉期肿瘤呈不均匀强化,平衡期对比剂流出,呈低密度/低信号改变（n=8）;动脉期肿瘤呈边缘环状强化,平衡期对比剂呈环状或不规则状向内填充（n=5）。cHCC-CC在年龄、性别、病毒性肝炎病史、血管受侵及淋巴结转移与HCC、SHCC、IMCC差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）,而与IMCC比较,cHCC-CC更常见于肝硬化患者（P<0.001）。cHCC-CC邻近肝包膜皱缩的发生率明显低于SHCC和IMCC（P=0.021、0.005）,AFP与CA19-9升高的比例与IMCC差异有统计学意义（P=0.005、0.001）。结论 cHCC-CC是原发性肝癌的少见类型,其影像及临床表现与HCC、SHCC及IMCC既重合,又有其特征性,准确诊断有助于临床治疗方案的选择和对预后的判断。     

Risk factors for long-term prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients after anatomic hepatectomy

BACKGROUND The risk factors for patients with major postoperative complications immediately after liver resection have been identified;however,the intermediate and longterm prognoses for these patients have yet to be determined.AIM To evaluate the factors responsible for the long-term recurrence-free survival rate in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)following anatomic hepatectomy.METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 74 patients with HCC who underwent precise anatomic hepatectomy at our institution from January 2013 to December 2015.The observational endpoints for this study were the tumor recurrence or death of the HCC patients.The overall follow-up duration was three years.The recurrence-free survival curves were plotted by the Kaplan-Meier method and were analyzed by the log-rank test.The value of each variable for predicting prognosis was assessed via multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.RESULTS The 1-year and 3-year recurrence-free survival rates of HCC patients were 68.92%and 55.41%,respectively,following anatomic liver resection.The results showed that the 3-year recurrence-free survival rate in HCC patients was closely related to preoperative cirrhosis,jaundice level,tumor stage,maximal tumor diameter,complications of diabetes mellitus,frequency of intraoperative hypotensive episodes,estimated blood loss(EBL),blood transfusion,fluid infusion,and postoperative infection(P<0.1).Based on multivariate analysis,preoperative cirrhosis,tumor stage,intraoperative hypotension,and EBL were identified to be predictors of 3-year recurrence-free survival in HCC patients undergoing anatomic hepatectomy(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Tumor stage and preoperative cirrhosis adversely affect the recurrence-free survival rate in HCC patients following anatomic hepatectomy.The long-term recurrence-free survival rate of patients with HCC is closely related to intraoperative hypotension and EBL.     

原发性肝细胞癌患者根治术前预后多因素CT分析

目的 探讨原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)患者根治术前增强CT影像学征象与其预后的关系. 方法 回顾性分析87例接受根治切除术的原发性HCC患者术前临床及双期增强CT影像学资料,分析CT征象及根治术后复发转移及生存情况.采用Kaplan-Meier法,Log-rank时序检验进行单因素生存分析,将有统计学意义的指标依次引入Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析. 结果全组1、3、5年术后生存率分别为80.18%、65.48%和42.09%.单因素生存分析显示,肿瘤大小、部位(单段病灶与多段病灶)、子灶、血管侵犯、动脉期肿瘤与肝实质CT值比值、门静脉期肿瘤与肝实质CT值比值对预后有影响(P<0.05).多因素Cox回归分析表明,血管侵犯、门静脉期肿瘤与肝实质CT值比值(<0.85)为影响预后的独立因素(P=0.037、0.007). 结论原发性HCC患者根治术后预后不良的主要CT征象包括血管侵犯和门静脉期肿瘤与肝实质CT值比值<0.85.     

Pure laparoscopic hepatectomy with augmented reality‐assisted indocyanine green fluorescence versus open hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma with liver cirrhosis: A propensity analysis at a single center

Introduction

Laparoscopic hepatectomy is considered an acceptable treatment of choice in selected patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Whether indocyanine green (ICG) immunofluorescence, a new technology, may improve surgery outcomes has yet to be tested. The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the effect of ICG fluorescence imaging on the outcomes of pure laparoscopic hepatectomy and open hepatectomy for primary HCC with background cirrhosis.

Methods

From January 2015 to June 2016, 20 patients with HCC and liver cirrhosis underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy with ICG immunofluorescence. The outcomes of pure laparoscopic hepatectomy with ICG immunofluorescence were compared with those of open hepatectomy. To avoid selection bias, patients were propensity score matched in a ratio of 1 : 6, with 20 patients in the laparoscopic group and 120 in the open group.

Results

The laparoscopic group had 20 patients, and the open group had 120 patients. The laparoscopic group had less blood loss (125 vs 450 mL, P < 0.001), a shorter operation time (200 vs 250 min, P = 0.003), and a shorter hospital stay (5 vs 6 days, P < 0.001). The complication rate was 0% in the laparoscopic group compared to 15.0% in the open group (P = 0.135). All patients in the laparoscopic group had negative margin involvement. Four patients (3.3%) in the open resection group had positive margin involvement. Two patients in the ICG immunofluorescence group had additional lesions identified and resected during operation.

Conclusion

Pure laparoscopic hepatectomy with ICG immunofluorescence for primary HCC can be carried out safely with favorable short‐term outcomes even in cirrhotic patients. Better identification of the bile duct structure and better assessment of the tumor resection margin and perfusion are advantages of this new technique.     

腹腔镜与开腹再次肝切除治疗复发性肠癌肝转移患者的术后短期预后比较

目的： 探讨腹腔镜与开腹再次肝切除治疗复发性肠癌肝转移患者的术后短期预后情况。方法： 选择2011年1月至2019年12月接受肝脏再切除的289例复发性肠癌肝转移患者，其中40例接受腹腔镜手术，249例接受开腹手术。将腹腔镜及开腹组按1∶2进行倾向匹配评分，比较2组的围手术期情况。结果： 倾向匹配后，腹腔镜组及开腹组分别有40、80例患者纳入研究。2组均无围手术期死亡发生，输血率、肝门阻断时间、30 d内非计划再入院率差异均无统计学意义。与开腹组相比，腹腔镜组术中出血量更少（50 mL vs 200 mL，P=0.001），各级术后并发症发生率更低（25.0%vs 47.5%，P=0.030），术后住院时间更短（6 d vs 7 d，P=0.009）。结论： 复发性肠癌肝转移接受腹腔镜再次肝切除较接受开腹手术患者的围手术期预后更好。     

磁共振虚拟肝血管三维重建在肝切除术中的应用

目的 探讨应用MR图像建立肝血管三维模型和虚拟肝切除在肝切除手术方案中的价值.方法 采用23例肝肿瘤患者肝脏静脉期MR图像重建肝血管三维模型,以任意角度显示肝脏、肿瘤及肝静脉、门静脉系统.在保证余肝充分门静脉供血及静脉回流的前提下行虚拟肝切除,计算拟切除肝体积及余肝体积,据此制定肝肿瘤切除手术方案并实施手术.结果 23例肝三维模型均可详细显示肝肿瘤及其血管解剖关系,虚拟肝切除评估肿瘤均可被切除.15例患者接受常规肝切除术,8例因肝右下静脉、肝中静脉变异或剥离肝中静脉而改变手术方案.23例肝肿瘤被完整切除,1例发生胆瘘,无肝功能衰竭病例.结论 肝肿瘤与血管MRI三维重建模型及虚拟肝切除术可用于指导肝肿瘤切除方案,减少术后并发症的发生.     

Preoperative Controlling Nutritional Status plus Tumor Burden Score for the Assessment of Prognosis after Curative Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

ObjectiveThere are no previous studies analyzing the prognostic predictive value of adding the tumor factor (i.e., Tumor Burden (TB) score) to the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to investigate the value of the CONUT plus TB (CONUT-TB) score as a prognostic predictor in patients with HCC undergoing liver resection.MethodsBetween 2015 and 2018, 96 consecutive patients with HCC underwent liver resection at our institution. Patients undergoing repeated liver resection and combined resection of a metastatic lesion were excluded. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to their CONUT-TB scores according to a cutoff value. Clinicopathologic prognostic factors for survival were analyzed using a database containing the medical records.ResultsThe optimal cutoff value of the CONUT-TB score determined by using a minimum p value approach was 13 points. Among the 81 patients included in the analytic cohort, 71 patients had low (<13) and 10 patients had high (>13) CONUT-TB scores. The overall 3-year survival rate of patients following liver resection for HCC in the high-CONUT-TB group was significantly worse than that of patients in the low-CONUT-TB group (62.5 vs. 89.3%, p = 0.003). Multivariate analysis indicated that a high CONUT-TB score was independently associated with overall survival after liver resection (p = 0.010).ConclusionThe CONUT-TB score is a valuable predictor of survival in patients with HCC after liver resection.     

Risk factors for post-hepatectomy liver failure in 80 patients

BACKGROUNDPost-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is a serious complication and a leading cause of death after hepatectomy, an accurate prediction of PHLF is important for improvement of prognosis after hepatectomy.AIMTo retrospectively analyze the risk factors for postoperative liver failure in patients undergoing hepatectomy for liver tumors.METHODSThe clinical data of 80 patients undergoing hepatectomy in our hospital from June 2018 to January 2020 were collected. With laboratory examination as well as pre- and post-operative abdominal three-dimensional reconstructive computed tomography, the demographic data, surgical data, biochemical indicators, coagulation index, routine blood tests, spleen and liver volumes, relative remnant liver volume, and other related indicators were obtained and compared between patients with PHLF and those without PHLF.RESULTSPHLF occurred in 19 (23.75%) patients. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender, history of hepatitis/cirrhosis, and preoperative bilirubin, albumin, coagulation function, albumin-bilirubin ratio, aspartate amino-transferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, spleen volume (SV), spleen volume/liver volume ratio (SV/LV), and relative remnant liver volume were statistically associated with the occurrence of PHLF (all P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that preoperative total bilirubin, platelets (PLT), APRI, and SV/LV were independent risk factors for PHLF (all P < 0.05). The area under the curve and cut-off values were 0.787 and 18.6 mmol/L for total bilirubin, 0.893 and 146 × 10¹²/L for PLT, 0.907 and 0.416 for APRI, and 0.752 and 20.84% for SV/LV, respectively.CONCLUSIONFor patients undergoing liver resection, preoperative total bilirubin, PLT, APRI, and SV/LV are independent risk factors for PHLF. These findings may provide guidance to safely perform liver surgery in such patients.     

无痛内镜下冷切除术在老年患者5～9 mm扁平无蒂结直肠息肉治疗中的临床应用价值

目的 探讨无痛内镜下冷切除术在老年患者5～9 mm扁平无蒂结直肠息肉治疗中的临床应用价值。方法 选取在开封市人民医院内镜中心行无痛肠镜检查,发现扁平无蒂结直肠息肉且直径在5～9 mm的124例老年患者为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为研究组（n=64）和对照组（n=60）。研究组应用圈套器对息肉行冷切除治疗,对照组给予黏膜下注射使息肉抬举后,应用圈套器行高频电切除治疗。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、一次性完整切除率、标本回收率、息肉病理类型、术后并发症及手术费用。结果研究组手术时间较对照组短,手术费用较对照组少,术后并发腹胀的情况较对照组少,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）;两组患者术中出血例数、一次性完整切除率、标本回收率、术后并发腹痛和出血比较,差异均无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。结论 无痛内镜下应用圈套器对5～9 mm扁平无蒂结直肠息肉行冷切除术,手术时间短,安全性高,并发症少,费用低,且避免了高频电对周围正常黏膜的损伤。