105例胃黏膜下肿瘤特点分析

目的分析胃黏膜下肿瘤的病因、病变部位及超声内镜特点。方法回顾性分析105例对经超声内镜及微创手术组织病理证实的胃黏膜下肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果 105例中胃间质瘤55例,脂肪瘤10例,异位胰腺33例,类癌、平滑肌瘤及错构瘤各2例,囊肿1例;病变位于胃窦45例,胃底38例,胃体21例,胃角1例;超声内镜提示病变位于固有肌层55例,黏膜下层45例,黏膜肌层5例。结论胃黏膜下肿瘤的以间质瘤、异位胰腺多见,病变位于胃窦多见,其次为胃底;多数病变起源于固有肌层,其次为黏膜下层;超声内镜检查对胃黏膜下肿瘤诊断有较大价值;微创手术是有效治疗方法。     

食管间质瘤与胃间质瘤的临床特点及内镜治疗

目的：探讨食管间质瘤和胃间质瘤的临床特点及内镜下治疗。方法回顾性分析经本院内镜治疗的30例食管间质瘤和146例胃间质瘤的临床资料。分析患者的基本情况、病变部位及起源、免疫组织化学特征、治疗情况以及术后随访结果。结果食管间质瘤30例,男22例,女8例。病变多位于食管下段,63.3%病变起源于固有肌层。胃间质瘤146例,男41例,女105例。病变多位于胃底部,98.0%病变起源于固有肌层。免疫组织化学检查示食管间质瘤 CD117,CD34,SMA,desmin 阳性率分别为93.3%,93.3%,73.3%,73.3%;胃间质瘤 CD117,CD34,SMA,desmin阳性率分别为94.5%,88.4%,21.9%,19.2%。22例食管间质瘤行内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD),8例行内镜黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术(STER),病灶均一次性完整切除,1例患者 ESD 术中发生穿孔。145例胃间质瘤行 ESD,1例行内镜下氩离子凝固术(APC),一次性完整切除率95.2%,术中穿孔39例,出血1例。所有穿孔及出血患者均经内镜下修复。术后随访3~50个月未发现肿瘤残留和复发。结论胃肠道间质瘤缺乏特异性临床表现,但食管间质瘤和胃间质瘤在肿瘤位置分布和起源、免疫组织化学方面各具特点,内镜下微创技术已发展为治疗胃肠道间质瘤新的手段之一。     

内镜超声指导应用结扎技术进行内镜黏膜下剥离术对胃间质瘤的诊断和治疗价值

目的 探讨内镜超声(EUS)指导应用结扎技术进行内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD-L)对胃间质瘤的诊断和治疗价值.方法 分析22例来源于胃固有肌层的黏膜下肿瘤(SMT)(肿瘤直径≤12mm)的EUS特征,对其应用结扎技术进行内镜黏膜下剥离治疗,并将检查结果与术后病理结果进行对照.结果 22例患者病变一次性完整切除,术后病理诊断为胃平滑肌瘤4例,胃间质瘤16例,胃神经纤维瘤1例,胃血管球瘤1例.结论 EUS是诊断胃黏膜下肿瘤较为准确的方法,EUS指导应用结扎技术进行内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD-L)是治疗胃间质瘤安全、有效的方法,可完整切除病变,提供完整的病理学诊断资料,达到与外科手术同样的治疗效果.     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗上消化道固有肌层肿瘤的探讨

目的探索内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗上消化道固有肌层肿瘤的可行性、疗效和安全性。方法经胃镜和内镜超声、CT证实上消化道固有肌层肿瘤35例,其中食管15例,胃20例。行内镜黏膜下剥离术,若出现较大的穿孔或操作困难则改为胃镜联合腹腔镜治疗。结果 35例病灶全部成功进行内镜黏膜下剥离术,未发生严重并发症。操作时间45~240 min,平均82.4 min。术后病理诊断食管平滑肌瘤14例,食管间质瘤1例,胃平滑肌瘤6例,胃间质瘤14例。病灶直径0.8~4.2 cm,平均1.9 cm。术中发生穿孔3例,2例用金属夹成功封闭,1例行腹腔镜下穿孔修补术。结论内镜黏膜下剥离切除术治疗消化道固有肌层肿瘤是微创、有效并且安全的治疗方法。     

胃癌合并间质瘤1例病理分析

对胃癌合并间质瘤1例分析如下.1病历摘要 女,56岁.因上腹部隐痛伴反酸、胀气7个月入住我院.查体:全腹软,剑突下压痛阳性,反跳痛不明显.CT提示胃贲门部壁不规则增厚,强化明显,考虑胃贲门癌.胃镜检查为胃贲门部溃疡性质待查(恶性可能性大),胃窦部黏膜下见一直径1 cm的结节性病变性质待查.病理活检诊断为:(贲门)小块低分化腺癌;(胃窦)小块间叶性肿瘤,间质瘤可能性大.随行胃大部切除术.术后病理诊断:胃贲门部溃疡型低分化腺癌,侵及浆膜层,小弯淋巴结3/8个查见癌转移,大弯淋巴结7个未见癌转移;(胃窦)间质瘤,免疫组化结果:CD117(+),CD34(+).     

超声内镜在胃黏膜下肿瘤诊断中的局限性*

目的评估超声内镜(EUS)对胃黏膜下肿瘤(SMTs)的诊断价值,并分析胃SMTs的EUS下特点。方法收集2008年9月-2016年12月614例于该院内镜中心经EUS检查后行内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)切除治疗的胃SMTs患者资料纳入回顾性研究。病变起源层次以ESD术中诊断为金标准,病变类型以术后病理学及免疫组化结果为金标准,统计EUS诊断的符合率,并分析EUS结果。结果 EUS对病变起源的诊断与ESD术中结果的符合率为91.25%,其中起源于黏膜肌层、黏膜下层和固有肌层的诊断符合率分别为66.67%、80.85%和94.50%;对病变类型的诊断与ESD术后病理结果的符合率为65.99%,其中胃肠间质瘤(GIST)、平滑肌瘤、异位胰腺和脂肪瘤的诊断符合率分别为91.85%、18.56%、79.76%和90.70%。结论 EUS能初步判断胃SMTs的起源层次与病变类型,可为内镜下治疗提供较为准确的依据,但对诊断平滑肌瘤、错构瘤、炎性纤维性息肉、类癌和纤维瘤等少见病变存在一定的局限性。因此,必要时应积极地切除病变,以明确诊断,防止恶变。     

食管胃间质瘤的超声内镜及临床病理特征

目的 探讨食管胃间质瘤的超声内镜(EUS)及临床病理特征,提高超声内镜诊断间质瘤的准确性.方法 回顾分析经内镜或手术切除后、病理诊断为间质瘤的45例食管胃黏膜下肿块的超声胃镜及临床病理特征.结果 起源于黏膜肌层者占28.9%(13/45),固有肌层者占71.1%(32/45).直径小于2 cm的间质瘤呈边缘规整的低回声匀质肿块;直径大于2 cm的间质瘤大多表现为低回声肿块.良性16例(35.6%),潜在恶性14例(31.1%),低度恶性11例(24.4%),高度恶性4例(8.9%).免疫组织化学法检测CD117阳性100%,CD34阳性82.2%(37/45),SMA阳性13.3%(6/45).结论 EUS可用于食管胃间质瘤的诊断,对手术方式的选择具有一定的指导意义.     

单钳道内镜下荷包缝合术在胃底剥离术并发穿孔中的应用

目的观察使用单钳道内镜下荷包缝合法处理胃底间质瘤剥离时发生穿孔的闭合效果。方法 15例来源胃底固有肌层的间质瘤病例,瘤体长径1.5~3.0 cm,行内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)中发生穿孔,单钳道内镜下荷包缝合法闭合创面。结果 15例患者均成功闭合创面,耗时10~15 min,未出现严重并发症。结论单钳道内镜下荷包缝合法处理胃底ESD伴随的穿孔,方法简便有效。     

胃固有肌层间质瘤超声内镜诊断价值及黏膜下挖除术的临床应用

目的探讨超声内镜对胃固有肌层间质瘤的诊断价值及黏膜下挖除术临床应用的疗效及安全性。 方法30例经超声内镜初步诊断为来源于胃固有肌层的间质瘤患者,经超声内镜明确病变来源、回声、大小、血供等情况后行黏膜下挖除治疗,观察其疗效及并发症。对超声诊断结果与病理结果进行比较。参照病理侵袭危险性分级结果,计算超声内镜侵袭危险性分级的准确性。运用SPSS 11.0软件系统进行统计,采用Kappa评价标准进行一致性分析,Kappa值判断标准：Kappa≥0.75两者一致性较好;0.75>Kappa≥0.4两者一致性一般;Kappa<0.4两者一致性较差。 结果超声内镜显示,病变位于胃底16例(其中近贲门处8例),胃体8例,胃窦4例,胃体胃底交界处1例,胃体胃窦交界处1例。内镜下间质瘤直径为0.4～5.5cm。22例直径小于3cm病变内镜下呈球形或半球形隆起,超声内镜显示均表现为均匀偏低-低回声团块,边缘光滑。8例病变直径长于3cm,4例表现为半球形隆起,3例呈不规则隆起。超声内镜对胃间质瘤侵袭危险性分级与病理分级判断结果相符27例;29例病变均完整挖除,1例部分挖除;术中穿孔3例,钛夹封闭创面后内科治愈。术中均有少量出血,行热活检钳钳夹或氩气凝固等止血后出血停止,未发生迟发性出血。 结论超声内镜下胃间质瘤侵袭危险性分级与病理分级具有良好的一致性;黏膜下挖除术治疗胃固有肌层间质瘤安全有效,术前行超声内镜进行严格评估具有重要辅助价值。     

内镜全层切除术治疗胃黏膜下肿瘤的临床效果分析

目的研究内镜下全层切除术(EFTR)在治疗胃黏膜下肿瘤(SMT)中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2015年12月-2017年6月宿州市第一人民医院应用EFTR治疗的52例胃SMT的临床资料,统计手术成功率、SMT完整切除率,记录手术时间;观察患者术后有无出血、穿孔等并发症;术后内镜随访,评估患者术后创面愈合及病变残留、复发情况。结果运用EFTR成功剥离52例患者合计53枚SMT,手术时间35.0～78.0 min,平均45.2 min,手术成功率100.0%,肿瘤完整切除率100.0%,肿瘤直径大小为1.0～3.2 cm,平均1.5 cm。病灶位于贲门下23枚(43.4%),胃底17枚(32.1%),胃体10枚(18.8%),胃窦2枚(3.8%),胃角1枚(1.9%);术中2例患者发生动脉性出血(3.8%),应用热活检钳止血成功。术后随访3～6个月,所有病例创面愈合良好。术后石蜡病理诊断结果为间质瘤36枚(67.9%),平滑肌瘤15枚(28.3%),异位胰腺2枚(3.8%)。术后无迟发性出血及迟发穿孔发生。52例患者术后3～6个月复查胃镜,病灶均完全消失,术后创面愈合良好,治疗有效率为100.0%(52/52)。结论 EFTR治疗胃SMT是一种安全、有效的临床技术。     

胃神经鞘瘤超声内镜下被误诊为胃间质瘤4例并文献复习*

目的为了提高超声内镜(EUS)对胃神经鞘瘤的检出率。方法回顾分析2008年5月-2015年6月温州医科大学附属第一、第二医院和台州市第一人民医院4例病理及免疫组化确诊为胃神经鞘瘤但经EUS误诊为胃间质瘤的临床资料及EUS的影像特征并文献复习。结果 4例胃神经鞘瘤均为女性且均为良性,胃镜下4例病灶均为单发,有3例位于胃体,1例位于胃底;EUS下病灶均起源于胃固有肌层,病灶处呈低回声团块,回声均匀,边界清楚,内部回声均未见钙化灶或囊性变;2例病灶周围可见光晕现象。文献复习发现:胃神经鞘瘤好发于女性;周围光晕现象可能为胃神经鞘瘤的特征性表现;钙化、囊性液化改变在胃神经鞘瘤中较少见,在胃间质瘤中较常见。结论位于固有肌层的胃神经鞘瘤与胃间质瘤在EUS下很难区分;对病灶位于胃体、超声图像示病灶起源于固有肌层,呈低回声、回声均匀、边界清楚的女性患者,需仔细观察病灶内部回声是否有钙化、囊性变以及病灶周围是否有光晕现象,综合考虑,除需考虑胃间质瘤外还要排除胃神经鞘瘤的可能性。     

体外牙线牵引辅助在内镜全层切除术治疗胃黏膜下肿瘤中的应用

目的研究体外牙线牵引辅助在胃黏膜下肿瘤(SMT)内镜全层切除术(EFTR)中的临床应用效果。方法回顾性分析2016年1月-2016年9月复旦大学附属中山医院使用体外牙线牵引辅助装置并采用EFTR治疗胃SMT的96例患者,观察肿瘤切除率、手术时间、术中出血、术后并发症发生情况;术后内镜随访,评价治疗效果与安全性。结果 96例患者均成功完成EFTR治疗,平均手术时间26.7 min(20~55 min),手术成功率100.0%,肿瘤完全切除率100.0%,肿瘤大小为1.2 cm(0.8~2.5 cm),肿瘤位置贲门下13例(13.5%),胃底46例(47.9%),胃体33例(34.3%),胃窦2例(2.1%),胃角2例(2.1%);术中1例患者出血(1.0%),内镜下止血成功。病理结果间质瘤62例(64.6%),平滑肌瘤31例(32.3%),钙化纤维瘤1例(1.0%),异位胰腺2例(2.1%)。患者平均住院时间为4 d(3~7 d),所有患者均无迟发性出血或穿孔。术后3~6个月随访期间所有病例创面愈合良好。结论 EFTR术中应用体外牙线牵引辅助能缩短手术时间,降低术中出血的发生,体外牙线牵引辅助装置在EFTR治疗过程中是一个有效的装置。     

深在性囊性胃炎6例诊治分析

目的分析深在性囊性胃炎临床表现、CT、胃镜、超声内镜检查,以及治疗方式,提高对该病的认识。方法回顾分析6例深在性囊性胃炎的临床表现、CT、胃镜、超声内镜及病理资料。结果 6例患者中CT提示3例为胃癌,3例考虑胃部肿块。胃镜均提示隆起病变。超声内镜均诊断为深在性囊性胃炎。6例患者均行内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD),病理均符合深在性囊性胃炎。结论超声内镜结合内镜黏膜切除术(EMR)或ESD可以提高诊断率,对于不伴随恶性肿瘤的深在性囊性胃炎,可行ESD治疗。     

Endoscopic resection of submucosal esophageal tumors: a prospective case series

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: The introduction of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic mucosal resection has offered a new alternative to simple observation or surgical resection for the management of esophageal submucosal tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During a 4-year period, endoscopic resection was attempted in 20 consecutive patients (nine women, 11 men; mean age 52 +/- 10 years) with esophageal submucosal tumors < 4 cm in size, confirmed by endoscopy and miniprobe EUS (20 MHz). The mean tumor diameter was 17 +/- 8 mm (8 - 34 mm). Prior EUS-guided cytological examination revealed benign tumors in 11 patients; however, endoscopic resection was attempted in most patients for diagnostic purposes also. Several patients were symptomatic (retrosternal pain, n = 4; dysphagia, n = 4; recurrent bleeding, n = 2) but most tumors had been detected incidentally. RESULTS: In the majority of patients the tumor was ligated with a rubber band and then resected with a snare (n = 11), and in the others simple snare resection ("lift-and-cut," n = 7) or cap resection (n = 2) was done. A macroscopically complete endoscopic resection was achieved in 19/20 patients, and the remaining patient was managed surgically. Endoscopic hemostasis was necessary (and successful) in eight patients (40 %), but blood transfusion was not required. No other side effects occurred. Histological examination revealed granular cell tumor in 12 patients, leiomyoma in six patients, and a lipoma and stromal tumor in one patient each. Histologically, all tumors were judged to be benign and a microscopically complete resection (R0) was achieved in all patients, with the exception of the one patient with a stromal tumor. Thus, surgical resection was necessary in only two of the 20 patients (10 %). During the median prospective follow-up of 12 months no tumor recurrence was detected in any patient. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic resection of esophageal submucosal tumors is safe and effective. The probability of achieving curative resection (R0 resection, histologically benign) is high especially if the tumors are smaller in size (< 4 cm).     

Clinical evaluation of endoscopic resection for treatment of large gastric stromal tumors

BACKGROUND Gastric stromal tumor is a digestive tract mesenchymal tumor with malignant potential, and endoscopic techniques have been widely used in the treatment of gastric stromal tumors, but there is still controversy over their use for large gastric stromal tumors(≥ 3 cm).AIM To evaluate the clinical long-term efficacy and safety of endoscopic resection for large(≥ 3 cm) gastric stromal tumors.METHODS All patients who underwent endoscopic resection or surgery at our hospital from 2012 to 2017 for pathologically confirmed gastric stromal tumor with a maximum diameter of ≥ 3 cm were collected. The clinical data, histopathologic characteristics of the tumors, and long-term outcomes were recorded.RESULTS A total of 261 patients were included, including 37 patients in the endoscopy group and 224 patients in the surgical group. In the endoscopy group, the maximum tumor diameter was 3-8 cm; the male: Female ratio was 21/16; 34 cases had low-risk tumors, 3 had intermediate-risk, and 0 had high-risk; the mean follow-up time was 30.29 ± 19.67 mo, no patient was lost to follow-up, and no patient received chemotherapy after operation; two patients with recurrence had low-risk stromal tumors, and neither had complete resection under endoscopy. In the surgical group, the maximum tumor diameter was 3-22 cm; the male: Female ratio was 121/103; 103 cases had low-risk tumors, 75 had intermediate-risk, and 46 had high-risk; the average follow-up time was 38.83 ± 21.50 mo, 53 patients were lost to follow-up, and 8 patients had recurrence after operation(6 cases had high-risk tumors, 1 had intermediate-risk, and 1 had low-risk). The average tumor volume of the endoscopy group was 26.67 ± 26.22 cm^3(3.75-120), all of which were less than 125 cm^3. The average volume of the surgical group was 273.03 ± 609.74 cm^3(7-4114). Among all patients with a tumor volume < 125 cm^3,7 with high-risk stromal tumors in the surgical group(37.625 cm^3 to 115.2 cm^3)accounted for 3.8%(7/183); of those with a tumor volume < 125 cm^3, high-risk patients accounted for 50%(39/78). We found that 57.1%(12/22) of patients with high-risk stromal tumors also had endoscopic surface ulcer bleeding and tumor liquefaction on ultrasound or abdominal computed tomography; the ratio of tumors positive for both in high-risk stromal tumors with a volume < 125 cm^3 was 60%(3/5).CONCLUSION Endoscopic treatment is safe for 95.5% of patients with gastric stromal tumors with a tumor diameter ≥ 3 cm and a volume of < 125 cm^3 without endoscopic surface ulcer bleeding or CT liquefaction.     

Multiple gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors treated by laparoscopic‐endoscopic cooperative surgery: A case report

The typical treatment of choice for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) is surgical resection. Here we report a case of three GIST lesions resected safely by laparoscopic‐endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS). A 78‐year‐old woman was referred to our hospital for further treatment of an enlarging gastric submucosal tumor. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography revealed two gastric submucosal tumors. Endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided fine needle aspiration was subsequently performed. The patient underwent LECS in accordance with therapeutic guidelines for GIST. Assisted by a laparoscope and using three trocars, a full‐thickness resection was performed endoscopically for the 3‐cm lesion and its nearby submucosal tumor, which was newly detected intraoperatively. The other lesion was also resected with an autosuture device under laparoscopy. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. In LECS, endoscopic observation and resection can minimize gastric deformation and preserve gastric function. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of LECS performed on multiple GIST.