Effects of Aconitum alkaloid kobusine and pseudokobusine derivatives on cutaneous blood flow in mice; II

Aconitum alkaloids of the C20-diterpenoid type, kobusine (1) and pseudokobusine (2), their anisoyl, veratroyl, p-nitrobenzoyl, nicotinoyl or pivaloyl derivatives, and dehydrokobusine and N,6-seco-6-dehydropseudokobusine derivatives were examined for their peripheral vaso-activities by laser-flowmetrical measurement of the cutaneous blood flow in the hind foot of mice after intravenous administration. Kobusine 15-anisoate (4), 11-veratroate (5), 15-veratroate (6), 11-pivaloate (9) and 15-pivaloate (10) were significantly effective at a low dose of 0.5 or 0.05 mg/kg. Pseudokobusine derivatives were all active at 1, 0.5 or 0.05 mg/kg, and the effects of pseudokobusine 15-anisoate (13), 15-veratroate (16) and 15-p-nitrobenzoate (19) at 0.1 mg/kg were remarkable. Yesoline (26) and alkaloid (28) were significantly effective at a low dose of 1 mg/kg, whereas yesonine (25) and N-acetyl-N,6-seco-6-dehydropseudokobusine (27) were inactive. Dehydrokobusine derivatives (29, 30) were significantly effective at a low dose of 0.5 or 0.1 mg/kg. It is thought that the hydroxyl groups of alkaloids, especially a free OH group of 2 at C-6, are important for action on the peripheral vasculature leading to dilatation, and the results indicated that esterification of the hydroxyl group at C-15 with either anisoate, veratroate orp-nitrobenzoate may contribute to enhancement of the activity of the parent alkaloids.     

Cytotoxic diterpenoid alkaloid from Aconitum japonicum subsp. subcuneatum

Journal of Natural Medicines - We explored new cytotoxic C19-diterpenoid alkaloid, lipojesaconitine (1), from rhizoma of Aconitum japonicum Thunb. subsp. subcuneatum (Nakai) Kadota. Two additional...     

Three new diterpenoid alkaloids from the roots of Aconitum duclouxii

Three new C₁₉-diterpenoid alkaloids, ducloudines C (1), D (2), and E (3), were isolated from the roots of Aconitum duclouxii. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. Ducloudine C (1) is the first aconitine-type C₁₉-diterpenoid alkaloid with a C = O group at C-3 and a C = C bond between C-1 and C-2. All compounds were tested for their biological activities against one pathogenic fungi and two pathogenic bacteria.     

Chemical constituents and analgesic activity of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb.

In the present study,we aimed to investigate the chemical constituents and analgesic activity of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb. The isolation and purification of components were achieved by a series of chromatography, including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC. By using spectroscopic analysis, their structures were identified. Using PDE-4A as analgesic target, moleculardocking was conducted between isolated compounds by using Schrodinger software. Neoline is a typical non-ester diterpene alkaloid. It was studied by using the mouse torsion body method and hot plate method. A total of 12 diterpene alkaloids were obtainedand identified as Mesaconitine(1), Bewutine (2), Bewudine (3), Songoramine (4), Songorine (5), Neoline (6), Talasamine (7), isotalatizidine (8), Hokbusine A (9), Mesaconine (10), 8-OEt-14-benzoylmesaconine (11), 8-Methoxy-14-benzoyl-beiwutinine (12).Compounds 9 and 12 were isolated from Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb. for the first time. Twelve diterpenealkaloids could act on the analgesic target. Neoline is a typical non-ester diterpene alkaloid. It had significant analgesic effect. Diterpene alkaloids were the main components of Aconitum kusnezoffiiReichb., and they had good analgesic activity.     

草乌花及其煎煮液中二萜生物碱的电喷雾串联质谱研究草乌花及其煎煮液中二萜生物碱的电喷雾串联质谱研究

目的 对草乌花及其煎煮液中的二萜生物碱进行定性分析,说明煎煮前后化学成分发生的变化。 方法用注射泵自动进样,电喷雾离子阱串联质谱直接分析草乌花及其煎煮液中生物碱混合物。结果 在生草乌花中发现3个新生物碱,草乌花煎煮后其中的双酯型生物碱和三酯型生物碱都发生水解,前者水解为苯甲酰乌头原碱和乌头原碱类生物碱,后者水解为3-乙酰-乌头原碱类生物碱。结论 该法简便、快速、灵敏、特异性强,为乌头属植物煎煮液中的生物碱分析提供了新途径。     

黄花乌头茎叶中一个新的Hetisine型生物碱

目的研究黄花乌头茎叶的化学成分。方法采用现代色谱方法进行化学成分分离，并通过各种波谱学分析鉴定化合物的结构。结果从黄花乌头茎叶中分离得到2个化合物，分别鉴定为13-dehydro-1β-acetyl-2α,6β-dihydroxyhetisine (I)和关附庚素(II)。结论I为新化合物。     

Two new diterpenoid alkaloids, beiwusines A and B, from Aconitum kusnezoffii

Two new atisine-type diterpenoid alkaloids, beiwusine A (1) and B (2), have been isolated from the roots of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic data. Beiwusines A and B are the first examples of atisine-type diterpenoid alkaloids having a hydroxyl group at C-1. In addition, one known diterpenoid alkaloid spiramine H (3) has been isolated.     

A new diterpenoid alkaloid from Aconitum jaluense

A new diterpenoid alkaloid, jaluenine (1), has been isolated from the roots of Aconitum jaluense. The structure of jaluenine was determined by spectroscopic methods including two dimensional NMR (¹H-¹H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY).     

宣威乌头中生物碱成分的研究

目的 研究宣威乌头Aconitum nagarumvar lasiandrum中的生物碱成分.方法 采用酸提碱沉法提取总碱、硅胶层析法分离,用波谱法鉴定结构.结果和结论 从宣威乌头中分得10个单体化合物,应用光谱法鉴定了其结构为:光翠雀碱(denudatine)、宋果灵(songorine)、delnuttaline等3个C20-二萜生物碱和尼奥灵(neoline)、3-去氧乌头碱(3-deoxyaconitine)、8-methoxy-14-benzoylaconine、伏乌碱(flavaconitine)、异塔拉萨敏(isotalatizidine)、乌头碱(aconitine)和nevadensine等7个C19-二萜生物碱.     

Determination of Aconitum alkaloids in the tubers of Aconitum japonicum using gas chromatography/selected ion monitoring

A rapid, specific and precise method using GC/SIM was applied to separate and quantify Aconitum alkaloids in Aconitum tubers. The TMS derivatives of each alkaloid produced a well defined peak on selected ion recording (SIR). Good linear response over the range of 100 pg - 7.5 ng was demonstrated for each alkaloid. Furthermore, we investigated the changes in the contents of Aconitum alkaloids, i.e., hypaconitine, mesaconitine, aconitine, and jesaconitine, in Aconitum tubers paying special attention to the harvesting season. Mesaconitine had the highest value in all seasons. Mesaconitine and aconitine showed the highest value in the samples harvested in May 1991 while hypaconitine had the highest value among those harvested in December 1990. As to the total amount of the alkaloids, the highest value, 4190 microg/g, and the lowest value, 1881 microg/g, were observed in the samples harvested in May and September, respectively. GC/SIM was very useful for the determination of Aconitum alkaloids in the tubers.     

Structure–activity relationships and the cytotoxic effects of novel diterpenoid alkaloid derivatives against A549 human lung carcinoma cells

The cytotoxicity of three alkaloids from the roots of Aconitum yesoense var. macroyesoense as well as 36 semi-synthetic C₂₀-diterpenoid atisine-type alkaloid derivatives against A549 human lung carcinoma cells was examined. Ten acylated alkaloid derivatives, pseudokobusine 11-veratroate (9), 11-anisoate (12), 6,11-dianisoate (14), 11-p-nitrobenzoate (18), 11,15-di-p-nitrobenzoate (22), 11-cinnamate (25) and 11-m-trifluoromethylbenzoate (27), and kobusine 11-p-trifluoromethylbenzoate (35), 11-m-trifluoromethylbenzoate (36) and 11,15-di-p-nitrobenzoate (39), exhibited cytotoxic activity, and 11,15-dianisoylpseudokobusine (16) was found to be the most potent cytotoxic agent. Their IC₅₀ values against A549 cells ranged from 1.72 to 5.44 μM. In the occurrence of cytotoxic effects of atisine-type alkaloids, replacement by an acyl group at both C-11 and C-15 resulted in the enhancement of activity of the parent alkaloids compared to that from having hydroxy groups at this position, and the presence of a hydroxy group at the C-6 position was required for the cytotoxic effects. These acylated alkaloid derivatives inhibit cell growth through G1 arrest.     

Quantitative determination of diterpenoid alkaloids in four species of Aconitum by HPLC

A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for the determination of five principal alkaloids (benzoylmesaconine, mesaconitine, aconitine, hypaconitine and deoxyaconitine) found in four species of genus Aconitum. The five alkaloids were analyzed simultaneously with an XTerraRP18 column by gradient elution using 0.03 M ammonium hydrogen carbonate-acetonitrile as mobile phase. The recovery of the method was 94.6-101.9%, and all the alkaloids showed good linearity (gamma = 0.9999) in a relatively wide concentration range. The results indicated that contents of alkaloids in Aconitum varied significantly from species to species; hence quality control of Aconitum drugs is very necessary.     

太白乌头中一新的去甲二萜生物碱

为了研究太白乌头(Aconitum taipaicum)根的化学成分，采用硅胶柱色谱进行分离纯化，根据其理化性质和波谱数据确定化合物结构。从该植物的根中分离得到1个新的去甲二萜生物碱isodelelatine (1)和5个已知生物碱，分别为atisine (2)、 delfissinol (3)、 liangshanine (4)、 hypaconitine (5)和delelatine (6)。化合物2～6均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Distribution of Aconitum alkaloids in body fluids and tissues in a suicidal case of aconite ingestion

A case involving a suicidal ingestion of Aconitum tubers is presented. A 40-year-old woman in Hokkaido, Japan ingested ground aconite and died of aconite intoxication about 4 h after ingestion. The Aconitum alkaloids were quantitated using gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring from extracts of the body fluids and organs. The blood and urine concentrations of jesaconitine, the main alkaloid of the aconite in this case, were 69.1 ng/mL and 237.8 ng/mL, respectively. Higher values of the alkaloid were demonstrated in the kidneys, the liver, and in the bile rather than other organs or serum, suggesting the alkaloids were eliminated by the liver and kidneys. In the gastrointestinal tract, the highest value of jesaconitine (471.3 ng/g) was in the ileal contents. These findings show that Aconitum alkaloids were found in the liver and kidneys in much higher concentrations than in serum and suggest that they were eliminated not only via urine but also in feces. Feces may be useful to detect Aconitum alkaloid if other biological samples are not available.     

Alkaloids with antioxidant activities from Aconitum handelianum

A new C₂₀-diterpenoid alkaloid handelidine (1) and twenty-seven known alkaloids (2–28) were isolated from the roots of Aconitum handelianum. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. The study indicated that denudatine-type C₂₀-diterpenoid alkaloids with vicinal-triol system and benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids exhibited significant antioxidant activities measured by three antioxidant test systems. The aconitine-type C₁₉-diterpenoid alkaloids could serve as potential secondary antioxidants for their strong binding effects to metal ions.     

中药复方消可宁附子总生物碱的醇提工艺

目的建立附子总生物碱的提取工艺。方法通过正交试验,以制附子总生物碱含量为指标,考察料液比,提取时间和提取温度等工艺参数对总生物碱提取效果的影响。结果优选出的最佳提取条件为:附子粉加10倍量的55%乙醇,浸泡1 h,70℃回流提取2次,每次1.0 h。结论该提取工艺操作简单,无有毒有机溶剂残留,具有良好的可操作性。     

乌头属植物二萜生物碱研究进展

乌头属植物中含有的特征成份二萜生物碱具有较强的毒性和广泛生物活性,多年以来一直是药物学家寻找新药和先导化合物的一个重要来源．也是植物化学分类学家研究的热点。本文从乌头属植物中二萜生物碱的来源,结构及其特点等方面,综述了1998-2008年从乌头属植物中分得的新的二萜生物碱的研究情况。     

白喉乌头中生物碱的研究

目的 研究白喉乌头Aconitum leucostomum Worosch.中的生物碱.方法 采用柱色谱法分离纯化得到单体化合物,通过多种波谱方法鉴定其结构.结果 分离得到了10个生物碱,分别为:高乌甲素(I)、dehydroacosanine(Ⅱ)、冉乌碱(Ⅲ)、宋果灵(Ⅳ)、乌头碱(Ⅴ)、新乌头碱(Ⅵ)、去氧刺乌头碱(Ⅶ)、spicatine A(Ⅷ)、印乌碱(Ⅸ)、puberuline C(Ⅹ).结论 化合物Ⅴ～Ⅹ为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

Three new diterpene alkaloids from the roots of Aconitum nagarum var. lasiandrum

Three new diterpene alkaloids, 16,17-dihydro-12 beta,16 beta-epoxynapelline (1), N-deethyl- N-methyl-12-epi-napelline (2) and 11- epi-16 alpha,17-dihydroxylepenine (3), along with twenty-six known alkaloids (4 - 29) were isolated from the roots of Aconitum nagarum var. lasiandrum. The chemical structures of the new compounds were established by HR-MS as well as 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis. The absolute stereochemistry of 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography.     

Four new diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum japonicum subsp. subcuneatum

Journal of Natural Medicines - Diterpenoid alkaloids with remarkable chemical properties and biological activities are frequently found in plants of the genera Aconitum, Delphinium, and Garrya....