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1.
目的探讨不同血液净化方法用于尿毒症皮肤瘙痒患者的可行性和效果。方法选择河北省衡水市哈励逊国际和平医院血液透析中心符合入选标准的45例患者随机分为血液灌流串联血液透析组(HD+HP)、高通量透析组(HPD)、血液透析组(HD)3组。记录首次透析前后及透析2、4周后血甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、补体(C3、C4)、清蛋白(Alb)血小板(Plt)等的变化及皮肤瘙痒临床症状缓解情况,对各组指标进行比较。放射免疫法测定血清PTH水平。结果①(HD+HP)组透析前与首次透析后及透析2、4周后患者的PTH比较差异有显著性(P〈0.05),皮肤瘙痒缓解率为86.67%(13/15例);②HPD组透析前与首次透析后及透析2周、4周后PTH比较差异有显著性护〈0.05和P〈0.01);皮肤瘙痒缓解率为73.33%(11/15例):③HD组治疗前后PTH差异无显著性(P〉0.05):皮肤瘙痒缓解率为13.33%(2/15例);④3组在不同阶段补体、血红蛋白含量、清蛋白、血小板计数等比较差异无显著性。结论血液灌流联合血液透析和高通量透析能有效地清除PTH,两者清除率差异无显著性,能有效缓解皮肤瘙痒症状,高通量透析治疗无效者改用血液灌流串联血液透析治疗可能有效;而血液透析不能有效地清除PTH,也不能有效缓解皮肤瘙痒症状。  相似文献   

2.
目的探讨血液透析(HD)对糖尿病患者血糖的影响。方法14例糖尿病及26例非糖尿病慢性肾功能衰竭患者,均采用标准碳酸氢盐无糖透析液进行血液透析。于餐后立即开始HD治疗,HD期间不进食,分别于透析0h、1.0h、2.0h、3.0h、4.0h、4.5h检测血糖;于第2次透析2.5h静脉推注30g葡萄糖,HD结束前检测血糖。结果有11/14例糖尿病患者和10/26非糖尿病患者HD期间血糖低于3.5mmol/L(P<0.05),在21例出现低血糖的患者中10例无任何自觉症状;出现低血糖者具有年龄偏大的特点(P<0.05)但是性别、体重指数、血浆白蛋白水平差异无显著性(P>0.05)。于透析2.5h给予30g葡萄糖后,HD结束时未出现低血糖,也无血糖明显增高。结论HD过程中容易出现低血糖,糖尿病及高龄患者在HD过程中更易发生低血糖,于透析2.5h给予30g葡萄糖可以防止低血糖的发生。  相似文献   

3.
目的:观察高渗葡萄糖预防反复发生的血液透析相关性低血压(IDH)的效果。方法:反复发生IDH的血液透析患者16例,透析过程给予50%葡萄糖250mL,分3次快速滴注,透析处方不变,观察透析中血压变化和IDH发生情况。结果:16例患者在高渗葡萄糖治疗前后血液透析中净脱水速度、透析液钠浓度和温度、透析前血压比较差异没有显著性(P〉0.05)。高渗葡萄糖治疗组的平均透析时间、净脱水总量、尿素清除指数(Kt/V)、透析结束血压均高于常规血液透析组(P〈0.05或P〈0.05)。高渗葡萄糖治疗组透析过程最低血压与透析前血压的差值明显低于常规血液透析组(P〈0.05);高渗葡萄糖治疗组的IDH发生例次、症状性IDH例次、需要提前结束血液透析例次均少于常规血液透析治疗组(P〈0.01)。高渗葡萄糖治疗组透析后血糖高于透析前(P〈0.05),但第15次血透前血糖与第1次血透前血糖比较差异没有显著性(P〉0.05)。结论:高渗葡萄糖可有效预防IDH的发生。  相似文献   

4.
目的探讨胰岛素泵(CSII)治疗2型糖尿病合并脑卒中高血糖状态患者的疗效及护理。方法对不能进食和进食不规律的40例2型糖尿病合并脑卒中患者采用CSII持续皮下输注基础胰岛素治疗。结果CSII治疗后5-13d血糖迅速下降,血糖达满意控制,较治疗前有显著性差异(P〈0.05)。40例患者中只有3例发生低血糖,低血糖发生率为7.5%。结论CSII用于2型糖尿病合并脑卒中治疗方便、安全,且能在短期内使血糖得到满意控制,减少血糖波动和低血糖的发生;良好的护理对治疗起着重要作用。  相似文献   

5.
糖尿病肾病血液透析患者的护理   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的探讨糖尿病肾病(DN)血液透析患者的护理措施,以减少并发症的发生。方法回顾性总结23例DN患者行维持性血液透析的护理经验。结果500例次透析患者透析间期体重增长率(3.6±1.6)%,超滤量(3.2±0.8)L,超滤率为(0.6±0.3)L/h。透析中发生低血糖29例次(5.8%),低血压40例次(8.0%),心力衰竭6例次(1.2%),高血压425例次(85.0%)。结论饮食护理、保护血管通道、止确合理使用胰岛素、加强透析中并发症的监护是提高DN患者血液透析的质量.减少并发症发生率的关键,  相似文献   

6.
目的:探讨不同血液净化方法用于尿毒症不安腿综合征(RLS)患者的可行性和效果。方法:将符合入选标准的45例患者随机分为血液灌流串联血液透析组(HD+HP)、高通量透析组(HPD)、血液透析组(HD)三组,每组15例。记录首次透析前后及透析2周、4周后血甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、补体(C3、C4)、清蛋白(Alb)、血小板(Plt)等的变化及不安腿综合征临床症状缓解情况,对各组指标进行比较。放射免疫法测定血清PTH水平。结果:(HD+HP)组透析前与首次透析后及透析2周、4周后患者的PTH比较有显著性差异(P〈0.05),不安腿综合征缓解率为86.67%(13/15)。HPD组透析前与首次透析后及透析2周、4周后PTH比较有显著性差异(P〈0.05和P〈0.01),不安腿综合征缓解率为73.33%(11/15)。HD组治疗前后胛H无显著性差异(P〉0.05),不安腿综合征缓解率为13.33%(2/15例)。三组在不同阶段补体、血红蛋白含量、清蛋白、血小板计数等比较无显著性差异。结论:血液灌流联合血液透析和高通量透析能有效地清除PTH。能有效缓解不安腿综合征症状。高通量透析治疗无效者改用血液灌流串联血液透析治疗可能有效。而血液透析不能有效地清除PTH,也不能有效缓解不安腿综合征症状。  相似文献   

7.
目的探讨老年终末期糖尿病肾病(DN)患者在维持性血液透析治疗中低血糖的观察和护理干预要点。方法对15例老年DN患者血液透析中进行血糖监测,观察病情变化,及时发现低血糖反应并列症处理。结果本组15例老年DN患者,910例次血液透析中发生低血糖反应14例次(1.54%),其中1例发生低血糖浅昏迷,均得到及时处理。结论老年糖尿病肾病患者透析过程中易出现低血糖,注重患者饮食和降糖药物合理应用,严密监测血糖及透析过程中密切观察病情,及时处理,可减少透析中低血糖发生。  相似文献   

8.
目的探讨何种胰岛素治疗方案能降低糖尿病肾病患者血液透析中并发低血糖的风险。方法选取125例糖尿病肾病血液透析患者,监测透析中血糖情况,分析透析前暂停胰岛素和减半胰岛素后并发低血糖有无差异;同时,对使用动物胰岛素、基因重组人胰岛素R、门冬胰岛素三组间并发低血糖情况进行统计分析。结果透析前暂停胰岛素者低血糖7/57(12.3%)例,胰岛素剂量减半者36/68(52.9%)例,差异有显著意义(P<0.001);暂停胰岛素组透析过程中血糖波动较大;使用动物胰岛素、基因重组人胰岛素R、门冬胰岛素并发低血糖分别为:9/12(75.00%)、19/31(61.26%)、8/25(32.00%)例,差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论血液透析前暂停胰岛素能显著减少低血糖发生,但血糖波动明显增高;门冬胰岛素可减少低血糖发生风险,且血糖波动较小。  相似文献   

9.
目的探讨血液灌流治疗尿毒症患者的疗效与安全性。方法维持性血液透析患者31例,采用血液灌流/血液透析(HP/HD)联合治疗方法与常规血液透析(HD)方法对比(自身对比)。治疗前后检测中分子物质(MMS)、血尿素、肌酐、白蛋白、血细胞及临床症状。结果血液灌流能显著清除尿毒症患者体内的中分子物质,单次使用治疗2h MMS平均下降25.0%,最高达44.4%。而普通透析对MMS无多大影响,两者具有显著性差异(P〈0.001)。同时患者的睡眠、食欲、皮肤瘙痒有不同程度的改善,未发生其他任何不良事件和不良反应。结论作为中分子物质的清除治疗措施,血液灌流临床使用安全、疗效可靠,无毒副反用。  相似文献   

10.
目的探讨血液透析中进食减少糖尿病肾病患者由于低血糖导致透析中低血压发生的效果。方法37例糖尿病肾病维持性血液透析患者与40例非糖尿病肾病维持性血液透析患者均使用无糖透析液,在每次透析2h时进餐.进食量200~250g。含碳水化合物约35.8g,每例患者观察1个月,记录每次进餐前和进餐30min后的血压,并进行比较。结果两组患者进餐30min后的血压都比进餐前的血压有所下降,糖尿病‘肾病组患者进餐前后收缩压和平均动脉压差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01):两组患者进餐前血压差异无统计学意义,进餐后糖尿病肾病组患者平均动脉压低于非糖尿病肾病组患者(P〈0.05);两组透析中低血压和症状性低血压发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。结论糖尿病肾病患者在透析2h时进餐,会引起血压下降,但下降幅度不大,仍可有效避免低血糖导致的透析中低血压的发生。  相似文献   

11.
杜艺  李宓  李杰  彭莉 《中国血液净化》2007,6(6):314-316
目的 探讨终末期糖尿病肾病(end-stage diabetic nephropathy ESDN)血液透析患者透析液葡萄糖浓度的适合数值及临床意义.方法 选择中山大学附属第五医院肾内科血液净化中心ESDN患者42名分为对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组,血液透析(hemodialysis HD)时分别使用无糖透析液和葡萄糖浓度为4.5mmol/L、6.0mmol/L的含糖透析液,并检测患者每次透析1、2、3h的血糖浓度;之后所有患者改用葡萄糖浓度为6.0mmol/L的透析液透析,测定单次透析前后血清果糖胺(serum fructosamine FA)水平及透析2h血糖水平.透析前血清FA高于2.2mmol/L的患者为A组,血析前血清低于2.2mmol/L的为B组.结果 ①416次透析中对照组及Ⅰ组患者各时段低血糖的发生率均高于Ⅱ组并且差异有显著性(P<0.05);而对照组与Ⅰ组患者各时段低血糖的发生率比较差异没有显著性;②透析2h及3h各组低血糖的发生率均高于1h,差异亦有显著性(P<0.01);而各组透析2h与3h时低血糖的发生率比较差异没有显著性;③A、B两组透析2h时B组低血糖的发生率高于A组,差异具有显著性(P<0.01).④透析前后血清FA的变化差异没有显著性.结论 ①使用无糖透析液及透析液葡萄糖浓度为4.5mmol/L的患者低血糖的发生率高于使用透析液葡萄糖浓度为6.0mmol/L的患者差异有显著性;②透析前血清FA低于正常的患者血液透析中容易发生低血糖;③血液透析不能清除血清FA.  相似文献   

12.
目的 比较血液透析过程中不同进食时间对患者血糖及血压的影响.方法 2018年6月—2019年10月,采用自身随机交叉对照设计,将40例非糖尿病肾病血液透析患者随机分配至2组.第1组前6次于血液透析1.5 h时进食,后6次于血液透析2.5 h时进食;第2组前6次于血液透析2.5 h时进食,后6次于血液透析1.5 h时进食...  相似文献   

13.
龚萍 《家庭护士》2009,7(13):1138-1139
[目的]总结终末期糖尿病肾病(DN)病人在长期维持血液透析过程中预防低血糖的护理措施.[方法]回顾性分析10例终末期DN病人行长期维持血液透析的临床资料.[结果]本组10例DN病人,300例次血液透析中发生低血糖反应9例次(3.0%).[结论]根据其血糖变化正确合理使用胰岛素,加强DN病人血液透析过程中对血糖的监测,注重饮食护理能够有效预防血液透析中低血糖反应的发生.  相似文献   

14.
目的 探讨糖尿病肾病尿毒症规律血液透析患者应用无糖及含糖透析液时血液透析的特点及其对血糖的影响。方法 观察首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院血液透析中心28例糖尿病肾病尿毒症规律血液透析患者应用无糖和含糖透析液(葡萄糖浓度5.5mmol/L)血液透析前后的临床和生化指标,并分别进行透析开始,透析2h及透析结束时血糖测定。结果 应用含糖透析液组在血压,透析间期体重增长,血红蛋白,血钾,透析充分性及营养状况,血脂等方面与应用无糖透析液组差异无显著性(P〉0.05),随着透析进行,血糖下降幅度明显低于无糖透析液组,在4h末基本回复到透析开始时水平。结论 糖尿病肾病尿毒症规律血液透析患者应用含糖透析液较为安全,且不影响透析效果。  相似文献   

15.
Postexercise late-onset hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetic patients   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
A new clinical entity that is prevalent in young type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, postexercise late-onset (PEL) hypoglycemia, is described. A prospective case-finding study suggested that PEL hypoglycemia occurred in 48 of approximately 300 diabetic type I patients who were diagnosed as diabetic before age 20 yr and who were monitored for up to 2 yr. Typically, hypoglycemia was nocturnal and occurred 6-15 h after the completion of unusually strenuous exercise or play. In more than half the cases the hypoglycemia resulted in loss of consciousness or seizures and necessitated treatment with subcutaneous glucagon or intravenous glucose and/or attendance by a health professional. The hypoglycemia was not limited to patients in good or excellent metabolic control and often occurred after a single bout of exercise in patients unaccustomed to exercise or in athletic patients who were making the transition from an untrained to a trained state. Surprisingly, 12 of the patients who experienced nocturnal PEL hypoglycemia were not using significant amounts of insulin that peaked at night. Type I diabetic patients should be made aware of the possibility of PEL hypoglycemia to enable them to make adjustments in their management plans in anticipation of unusually strenuous exercise, so that they may attempt to minimize or avoid late-onset hypoglycemia.  相似文献   

16.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate day-to-day variations of insulin needs in type 2 diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on maintenance hemodialysis.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We developed a 24-h euglycemic clamp in patients who received an average of 2,200 calories in a standardized three-meal and two-snack regimen per day, adjusted to body size and sex. Intravenous insulin was adjusted every 30 min to achieve 5.5 ± 1.1 mmol/l glycemia over 24 h prehemodialysis, during hemodialysis session, and 24 h posthemodialysis in 10 type 2 diabetic patients, aged 55.7 ± 8.7 years with 11.9 ± 4.5 years diabetes duration, undergoing maintenance hemodialysis for 2.3 ± 2.3 years. Insulin requirements were derived from the dose of insulin administered to maintain euglycemia per period of time and day-to-day comparisons performed.

RESULTS

Mean capillary glycemia was 5.5 ± 0.3 mmol/l prehemodialysis and 5.3 ± 0.2 mmol/l posthemodialysis (P = 0.39). Pre- and posthemodialysis areas under the glucose curve were comparable. This was achieved by infusing 23.6 ± 7.7 IU/24 h prehemodialysis vs. 19.9 ± 4.9 IU/24 h posthemodialysis, indicating a 15.3% decrease posthemodialysis (P = 0.09). Basal insulin needs decreased from 0.4 ± 0.1/h prehemodialysis to 0.3 ± 0.1/h posthemodialysis (P = 0.01). Total boluses were decreased by 2.2 ± 3.1 IU (P = 0.15). Changes in blood urea did not correlate with changes in insulin needs (r = 0.1, P = 0.79).

CONCLUSIONS

The present study has demonstrated a significant 25% reduction in basal insulin requirements the day after dialysis compared with the day before. No significant change in boluses was observed, and overall the reduction of total insulin requirements was −15% equivalent to −4 IU/day posthemodialysis of marginal statistical significance.Diabetes is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), affecting at least one-third of patients starting chronic dialysis worldwide (1). Insulin resistance is a characteristic feature of type 2 diabetes and also of patients with chronic uremia (24). Insulin resistance and reduced clearance of insulin are factors that lead to swings in glycemic levels, making tight glycemic control a daunting task for diabetic patients with ESRD. In addition, hemodialysis improves insulin sensitivity and also insulin clearance, making it more difficult to determine insulin requirements for patients with ESRD undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and therefore exposing them to acute metabolic incidents (5,6). It is uncertain whether dialysis has a potential effect on pre- to postdialysis days'' changes in exogenous insulin requirements. Indeed, there is currently no evidence-based recommendation for the adjustment of insulin dose posthemodialysis in diabetic patients. This study was undertaken to determine the insulin requirements necessary to achieve euglycemia over 24 h prehemodialysis, during hemodialysis, and 24 h posthemodialysis in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis.  相似文献   

17.
Diabetes mellitus is a key cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in developed contries. Disorders of glucose metabolism regulation in CKD are explained by insulin resistance, decreased insulin clearance, weak hormonal response to hypoglycemia. These disturbances appear in inhibition of glomerular filtration rate under 60 ml/min. Hemodialysis treatment raises the risk of hypoglycemic conditions due to glucose elimination from blood circulation during the sessions and improvement of sensitivity to insulin. Use of glucose-containing solutions for dialysis, step-by-step achievement of normoglycemia, monitoring of blood glucose during dialysis sessions are recommended for reducing the risk of hypoglycemic conditions in DM patients on dialysis. Insulin is the most common preparation in the treatment with use of hemodialysis in diabetics. Tiasolidindions (pioglitason, rosiglitason) and analogues of dipeptidilpeptidase of type IV (sitagliptin, saxagliptin) can be administered in type 2 diabetics without insulin insufficiency. As solutions for peritoneal dialysis contain glucose, such dialysis may entail such metabolic complications as fat accumulation, metabolic syndrome. Intraperitoneal introduction of insulin allows avoiding hyperinsulinemia and in some cases to decrease the risk of hypoglycemia. Side effects of intraperitoneal insulin administration are significant absorption of insulin on the surface of the systems for intraperitoneal dialysis, higher rate of peritonitis, subcapsular hepatic steatosis. In the absence of controlled studies the mode of insulin administration in patients on peritoneal dialysis should be chosen individually basing on potential risk and benefit for the patient and experience of the dialysis center. It should be remembered that adequate sugar-reducing treatment is necessary for prevention of complications and prolongation of survival of diabetics on dialysis.  相似文献   

18.
杨艳  杨莉琴 《全科护理》2016,(28):2920-2922
[目的]了解糖尿病胰岛素治疗病人对低血糖的恐惧感现状,提出护理对策。[方法]采用方便抽样方法,抽取186例需要进行胰岛素治疗的糖尿病病人作为研究对象,采用中文版低血糖恐惧调查表(HFSⅡ-WS)对病人进行问卷调查。[结果]186例病人HFSⅡ-WS总分最低分为19分,最高分为73分,中位数为31分(四分位间距,22分~48分);病人担忧程度得分最高前4位单项指标依次为感觉头晕、在公共场合晕倒、有低血糖但感觉不到、睡眠时发生低血糖;病人因为担心低血糖的发生最常采取的措施前4位依次为避免性生活、进食大量零食、身边有人才觉得放心、出门时需要陪同。[结论]糖尿病胰岛素治疗病人存在低血糖恐惧,应采取相应的护理对策,以降低病人的低血糖恐惧感,促进病人积极配合治疗,将血糖控制在合理范围。  相似文献   

19.
目的 探讨持续皮下胰岛素输注在伴有糖尿病的腹部大手术后危重患者完全胃肠外营养期间的应用价值。方法 选择腹部大手术后行完全胃肠外营养(TPN)治疗1周(或以上)的伴有糖尿病的危重患者40例,随机分成两组:胰岛素泵持续皮下胰岛素输注(CSII)组和胰岛素盐水微量输液泵静脉持续输入组,分别监测血糖水平、低血糖发生以及切口感染和愈舍情况。结果 CSII组和对照组胰岛素应用后血糖均明显下降;治疗后第1天、第2天CSII组血糖控制情况明显优于对照组;治疗后第3—7天两组血糖比较无统计学意义;CSII组低血糖发生率、切口感染率、伤口愈合障碍率均低于对照组。结论 CSII控制腹部大手术后TPN支持期间伴有糖尿病危重患者的血糖,与传统静脉胰岛素滴注相比,血糖控制平稳,发生低血糖情况少,且可减少术后切口感染及愈合障碍等并发症,临床应用前景良好。  相似文献   

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