b-FGF在食管癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨b-FGF在食管癌中的表达及临床意义.方法 采用免疫组化方法检测在60例食管癌和30例食管炎组织中b-FGF的表达.结果 ⑴食管癌中b-FGF的阳性表达率为65.00%,明显高于对照组(食管炎组织)(P＜0.01);⑵b-FGF的表达与食管癌的浸润深度、淋巴结转移情况及临床分期显著相关(P＜0.05).结论 b-FGF可能在食管癌的发生发展中起关键作用,作为食管癌治疗中的一个新靶点对治疗及预后有较好理论价值.     

恶性肿瘤患者放疗后胞质分裂阻断的淋巴细胞微核率的变化

我们采用胞质分裂附断微核法对１８例肿瘤放疗患者的淋巴细胞微核进行了检测分析。其中食管癌８例、肺癌４例、乳腺癌３例，其它肿瘤３例。微核检测分三次，即放疗前累积剂量达到３０Ｇｙ和６０Ｇｙ时。结果显示患者的平均微核率分别为１５．６±６．６‰、６５．１±１９．０‰、１２２．６±３５．８‰。所有患者血淋巴细胞微核率与照射剂量之间呈良好的线性关系。接受同等剂量照射的三组患者其组间微核率无明显差异。     

食管癌高发区青少年食管炎发病率和发病因素研究

为了研究食管炎与食管癌的关系及食管炎的发病因素,对食管癌高发区15～25岁的222个食管癌家族青少年和318个非癌家族青少年进行了普查。病理诊断食管炎在食管癌家族和非癌家族青少年中分别为50.2％和34.4％(P<0.01),表明在食管癌高发区食管炎与食管癌的发病有关。食管炎发病因素的病例对照研究结果表明,热饮、经常食用棉籽油、吸烟、摄入新鲜蔬菜水果和动物蛋白不足是主要的致病因素。     

食管癌腔内放疗并发症原因分析

目的 减少和控制食管癌腔内放疗并发症的发生。方法 用两种方法,方法一治疗中、晚期食管瘤26例。方法二治疗中、晚期食管癌20例。两组病例腔内放疗参考点距离1cm。结果 两组病例食管炎发生率分别为38.5％及10％,差别显著(P<0.05)。食管瘘及食管穿孔大出血发生率无显著差别。     

外周血淋巴细胞松胞素阻滞微核法预测鼻咽癌放射敏感性的临床和实验研究

目的探讨用外周血松胞素阻滞微核法来预测鼻咽癌放射敏感性的可行性。方法前瞻性研究42例鼻咽癌患者放疗前照射0,0.5,1,2,4Gy的外周血,放疗20Gy、60Gy时的外周血行松胞素阻滞微核法检测微核率、微核细胞率,统计分析正常组织敏感组与不敏感组间、鼻咽肿瘤组织局控组与残留组间微核率、微核细胞率、50Gy鼻咽肿瘤消退率等指标有无差异,并分析这些指标间的相互关系。结果在体外照射1Gy及以上剂量、20Gy、60Gy时外周血微核率、微核细胞率在放射敏感组明显比不敏感组增加,在体外照射2Gy及以上剂量、20Gy、60Gy时外周血微核率、微核细胞率在肿瘤局控组比未局控组明显增加。结论外周血淋巴细胞松胞素阻滞微核法有可能作为预测鼻咽癌皮肤、黏膜急性反应敏感性的指标。外周血淋巴细胞微核率、微核细胞率有可能作为预测鼻咽癌根治性放疗近期疗效的指标。     

电子垃圾污染物对人类遗传毒性的初步研究

目的： 对长期居住在天津市某镇电子垃圾处理较集中的3个村庄的居民进行细胞遗传学研究,分析电子垃圾污染物对人体的遗传损伤效应。方法：在电子垃圾处理区居民中随机选择171位村民作为暴露组,进行染色体畸变 (CA)和胞浆阻滞微核 (CBMN)分析,并进行单细胞凝胶电泳检测DNA损伤。选取与该镇毗邻区域且从未接触电子垃圾处理的30位村民 (男女各半)作为对照组。暴露组按照性别和年龄分组,分别观察不同性别和年龄组的CA、CBMN和DNA损伤水平。结果：暴露组染色体总畸变率为5.50%,与对照组(1.70%)差别有统计学意义 (P<0.01);暴露组微核率为16.99‰,对照组为3.47‰,差异有统计学意义 (P<0.01);单细胞凝胶电泳检测显示暴露组尾部DNA百分含量 (TDNA,%)、尾矩 (TM)、Olive尾矩 (OTM)较对照组均显著升高 (P<0.01)。染色体畸变率、微核率和DNA损伤水平女性均明显高于男性 (P<0.01),而在各不同年龄组间未见明显差异 (P>0.05)。结论：电子垃圾污染物是潜在的遗传诱变剂,能够造成污染地区人群的细胞遗传学损伤,不能忽视其对当代及其子代健康的有害影响。     

食管癌患者外周血淋巴细胞微核的研究

 本文总结了食管癌患者外周血淋巴细胞微核测定的结果，在36例食管癌患者中，平均微核出现率是5．75‰，健康对照19例，平均微核出现率是2．37‰，且癌症患者每例微核率平均在4‰以上，二者经统计学处理，有非常显著的差异（P＜0．01）。     

青年人肺癌临床特点及预后分析

目的探讨186例青年人肺癌的临床特点及预后分析。方法选择2001年2月至2011年2月间我院收治的186例青年肺癌患者作为观察组,选择同期住院的180例老年肺癌患者作为对照组。比较两组患者的半年、1年和2年生存期及两组临床特点的差别。结果观察组女性患者比例(47.8%)显著高于对照组(22.8%,P<0.05);观察组与对照组TNM分期Ⅳ期患者比例分别为71.5%和63.3%,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组腺癌比例(69.9%)显著高于对照组(51.1%,P<0.05);观察组半年、1年及2年生存率分别为71.0%、61.3%和44.6%,对照组为70.6%、60.6%和43.3%,差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论青年肺癌病理分型以腺癌常见,女性及TNM分期Ⅳ期患者比例高于老年患者,年龄与患者生存率未见显著相关。     

食管癌,大肠癌血卟啉变化及其意义

采用紫外光激光技术，对３９例食管癌，４１例大肠癌血卟啉分子荧光光谱进行检测。分别与４５例慢性食管炎，３１例慢性结肠炎及１６例大肠息肉做对照，发现癌肿组锌卟啉及原卟啉较对照组明显升高，特别是原卟啉峰增高３倍以上，差别有极显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１），原卟啉可做为肿瘤血液标记物，对食管癌大肠癌进行诊断     

放疗联合卡莫氟治疗颈、上胸段食管癌疗效观察

[目的]评价放射治疗联合卡莫氟治疗食管癌的疗效。[方法]比较30例颈段和上胸段食管癌放疗合并卡莫氟(观察组)增敏治疗与30例颈段和上胸段食管癌单纯放疗(对照组)疗效及副作用。[结果]观察组:完全缓解率50.0%、1年生存率73.3%、3年生存率26.7%、放射性食管炎发生率26.7%、白细胞下降发生率36.7%;对照组:完全缓解率23.3%、1年生存率46.7%、3年生存率23.3%,放射性食管炎发生率20.0%、白细胞下降发生率26.7%。两组完全缓解率和1年生存率比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05),其余指标差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。[结论]放疗合并卡莫氟治疗颈段和上胸段食管癌能提高近期疗效,耐受性较好。     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Increased apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by ceramides in transferrin-modified liposomes

Lysosomes are a promising therapeutic target for induction apoptosis in cancer cells due to lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) leading to leakage of hydrolytic enzymes, especially the cathepsins, into the cytoplasm. We hypothesized that with the modification of the ceramide-loaded liposomes with transferrin (Tf), we would achieve both tumor targeting and increased delivery of lysosome-destabilizing agents, such as ceramides to lysosomes, to initiate LMP-induced apoptosis. We prepared Tf-modified (TL) and plain (PL) liposomes and loaded with short (C6)- or long (C16) N-acyl chain ceramides. Uptake, intracellular localization of liposomes, stability of the lysosomal membrane and release of cathepsin D were investigated on Hela cells by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Apoptosis was evaluated by binding of fluorescently-labeled Annexin V. Antitumor and pro-apoptotic effects of C6Cer-loaded Tf-liposomes were demonstrated in vivo in an A2780-ovarian carcinoma xenograft mouse model. TL were internalized specifically via the TfR-dependent endocytic pathway and localized within the endosome-lysosomal compartment. Ceramide-loaded Tf-liposomes significantly increased apoptosis compared with ceramide-free and ceramide-loaded non-modified liposomes. The treatment of cancer cells with TL led to increased LMP and cytoplasmic relocation of the intralysosomal cathepsin D. A strong antitumor and pro-apoptotic effect of C6Cer-loaded TL was also demonstrated in vivo in an A2780-ovarian carcinoma xenograft mouse model. The lysosomal accumulation of ceramides delivered by Tf-liposomes initiates the permeabilization of the lysosomal membranes required for the release of lysosomal cathepsins into the cytoplasm and initiation of the cancer cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Survey of changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China and to determine the need for encouraging the adherence to a sensible diet among such patients.Methods A total of 468 cancer patients were interviewed using a self-designed questionnaire focusing on changes in the intake of specific foods. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results Most patients completely avoided roosters and carp(73.1%), condiments(51.9%), and meat of aquatic species(40.4%). All other types of the specific foods were completely avoided by different subpopulations of the patients.Conclusion In addition to focusing on disease treatment, medical professionals need to help cancer patients overcome barriers associated with the customs of avoiding specific foods encompassed by the term ”fawu” and provide them with dietary guidance in order to prevent negative nutritional effects.     

Socioeconomic factors in cancer in Sweden

It is well known that certain cancers have shown clustering in socioeconomic groups, but limited data are available on recent results and time trends in such clustering. We determined standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for cancer, adjusted for age, period, region, parity and age at first childbirth among men and women in 6 socioeconomic groups based on the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. Persons had to be identified with the same socioeconomic status in the census of years 1960 and 1970, or of years 1960, 1970 and 1980; the comparison group was all people according to the same censuses. Cancers were followed from years 1970 to 1998 or from 1980 to 1998. Both increased and decreased SIRs were found, and a consistent pattern emerged, although the overall SIRs for cancer did not differ much, the lowest being for farmers (0.85) and the highest for professional men (1.07) and women (1.11). At individual sites, manual workers were at risk of tobacco-, alcohol- and occupation- and human papilloma virus-related cancers and at a decreased risk at most other cancers. Manual workers and farmers showed an excess of stomach cancer; professionals had an excess of melanoma and squamous cell skin cancer. Male and female SIRs correlated highly for manual and blue-collar workers and for professionals. The overall population-attributable fraction for selected sites was 16.7% for men and 10.9% for women and it was highest, over 50%, for lung cancer in both genders.     

Advances in cancer epidemiology in Japan

Epidemiologists in Japan have been performing calculations to estimate nationwide cancer incidence rates as well as 5‐year survival rates using population‐based cancer registry data. There have been remarkable changes in cancer incidence and/or mortality in cancers of the lung, liver and stomach, which were thought to be attributed to the changing impact of exposure to cigarette smoking, chronic hepatitis C virus infection and Helicobacter pylori infection, respectively. In systematic reviews providing evidence in risk/protective factors for cancer sites using case–control and cohort studies of the Japanese population, there were associations between cancer sites (esophagus, stomach, colo‐rectum, liver, pancreas, lung and breast) and various lifestyle factors. In the past 10 years, a hospital‐based case–control study at Aichi Cancer Center provided valuable evidence of gene‐environment interaction on the development of cancer [i.e., the effects of aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2) polymorphism and heavy alcohol drinking on esophageal cancer, ALDH2 polymorphism and smoking on lung cancer, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism and heavy alcohol drinking on pancreatic cancer]. The database with stored DNA was also used and identified seven loci containing significant but low‐penetrance polymorphisms associated with the development of breast cancer. These findings together with established risk factors are likely to be useful to predict personalized breast cancer risk in East Asian women. In 2005, the Japan Multi‐Institution Collaborative Cohort (J‐MICC) study was launched to elucidate gene‐environment interactions as well as to confirm preclinical diagnostic biomarkers of cancer. J‐MICC, which has recruited 92,000 healthy individuals by the end of 2012, will follow the individuals until 2025.     

整合素在急性白血病中的研究进展

急性白血病是一种早期造血干/祖细咆的恶性克隆性疾病.微小残留病和耐药被认为是其复发和难治的根源.近来,越来越多的证据显示白血病细胞通过与骨髓微环境中的基质细胞或细胞外基质相互作用促进其存活,并增强其对常规化疗药物的耐药.整合素是介导细胞与细胞外基质（细胞与非细胞成分）粘连的最主要黏附分子,在细胞增殖、存活等生物学过程中发挥关键作用,但作用机制尚不完全清楚.现就目前揭示的整合素及肿瘤微环境在急性白血病发生、发展中的作用进行综述.     

Foreign bodies in ENT in a teaching hospital in Eastern India

Objective

To evaluate the nature, common sites, modes of presentation of various foreign bodies (FB) in Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT).

Materials and methods

Observational retrospective study carried out at Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan. The study period was between Jan 2006 to Jan 2007. The information obtained from the hospital record books.

Results

Four hundred and eighty-two patients presented in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, in the study period with FB in their ENT. Out of 482 pts, the commonest location of FB was to be in throat with 302 pts (62%) followed by ear with 119 pts (25%) and nose 61 pts (13%). Amongst the FB in throat the commonest was fish bone and the commonest site being tonsils. Artificial denture accounted for a significant number of 13 (4.3%). External auditory canal was the commonest site of FB lodgment in ear found in 118 patients (99.16%). Nasal FB were found in 61 patients; more common in pediatric age group (98.36%).

Conclusion

From this study we have found that FB lodgement is a very common complaint with which patients come to otolaryngologist. The commonest site of FB lodgement is in the throat. Most of the FB could be removed in emergency room (ER) with or without Local Anesthesia.