肾移植术后布鲁氏菌病1例报道并文献复习

目的 分析并总结肾移植术后布鲁氏菌病的临床特点和诊疗经验。 方法 收集解放军第309医院2016年10月收治的1例肾移植术后布鲁氏菌病患者的临床资料,分析其临床特点和诊疗经过,并结合文献复习总结临床经验。 结果 患者肾移植术后3个月出现无明显诱因体温升高,以上午发热为主,持续时间3 d,感染途径不明、其他感染症状不明显,经验性抗感染治疗1周效果不佳。经血培养确诊为羊布鲁氏菌感染。及时给予利福平、多西环素、复方磺胺甲抗感染,积极防治并发症,保护肝、肾功能等治疗,疗效良好。随访至该患者出院后1年,移植肾功能稳定,再未出现发热等感染症状。 结论 肾移植术后感染途径不明的布鲁氏菌病极为罕见,常见症状为波浪热。当经验性抗感染治疗效果不佳时,应及早多次进行血培养等相关检测尽快确诊,治疗方案为利福平与多西环素联合使用。     

肾移植术后新发宫颈癌1例报道并文献复习

目的探讨肾移植术后新发宫颈癌的诊治和筛查方法。方法 2009年11月3日,中山大学附属第一医院妇产科收治1例55岁肾移植术后4年的新发宫颈鳞癌患者,外院宫颈环形电刀锥切术病理结果示"宫颈中、低分化鳞状细胞浸润癌",B型超声(B超)示宫颈大小22mm×26mm×34mm,宫颈后壁肌层内见12mm×7mm大小的低回声区。诊断为肾移植术后新发宫颈鳞状细胞癌(国际妇产科联盟临床分期Ⅱa期)。予腹腔镜下行广泛子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫术,术后补充拓扑替康单药化学药物治疗(化疗)4个疗程,第1个疗程0.75mg/m2静脉滴注,每日1次,连用4d,间隔21d,共行4个疗程,并于第2～4个疗程调整拓扑替康剂量为1.25mg/m2。术后调整免疫抑制治疗方案,停用泼尼松,环孢素改用原剂量的1/4,继续应用麦考酚吗乙酯,并嘱定期规则随访。结果患者手术顺利,对单药拓扑替康辅助化疗耐受良好,除出现Ⅲ度骨髓抑制外,未发生排斥反应及其它并发症。出院后定期随访,随访至投稿日患者已健康存活32个月,复查肾功能正常、鳞状细胞癌抗原(squamous cell carcinoma antigen,SCCA)正常,生殖道高危型人乳头瘤病毒(-),阴道细胞学涂片正常,未见肿瘤复发表现。结论肾移植术后新发宫颈癌的早期治疗以根治性手术为主,肾移植术后接受规范筛查有助于早期发现宫颈癌。     

肾移植术后并发弥漫性肺部出血综合征1例报道并文献复习

目的  分析并总结肾移植术后并发弥漫性肺部出血综合征(DAHS)的临床特点和治疗经验。方法  收集解放军第309医院2012年12月收治的1例肾移植术后并发DAHS患者的临床资料, 分析其发病及诊治经过, 并结合文献资料总结临床经验。结果  该患者以呼吸衰竭、咯血进行性加重、贫血为主要临床表现, 影像学显示进行性加重的双肺弥漫性浸润影。确诊DAHS后, 及时给予肾上腺皮质激素(激素)冲击治疗及抗感染药物治疗, 积极防治并发症, 成功获治。随访至投稿日, 移植肾功能良好, 无肺部并发症。结论  DAHS是肾移植术后罕见而致命的并发症, 早期诊断, 积极抗感染治疗, 并及时应用大剂量激素冲击治疗是治愈该病的关键措施。     

肾移植术后妊娠4例次报告并文献复习

目的 探讨肾移植术后妊娠对肾移植患者及胎儿的影响以及妊娠后免疫抑制药物的合理应用.方法 回顾分析4例次肾移植术后妊娠的临床资料并复习相关文献.结果 3例女性患者均接受同种异体肾移植术,术后妊娠4例次,1次因移植肾失功人工引产,二次肾移植后再次妊娠.移植术后至妊娠前2例患者应用环孢素(CsA)+麦考酚吗乙酯(MMF)+泼...     

Rectal perforation after AxiaLIF instrumentation: case report and review of the literature

Background contextBowel perforation is an uncommon complication of posterior spinal surgery. The AxiaLIF transsacral instrumentation system has been used for the treatment of L5–S1 spondylolisthesis and degenerative disc disease since its introduction in 2005 as a potentially less invasive alternative to traditional anterior or posterior interbody fusion.PurposeIn this article, we report a case of a rectal perforation as a complication of placement of the AxiaLIF instrumentation system that was successfully treated without the removal of the device.Study designCase report.MethodsThe patient presented with progressive back pain and sepsis 3 weeks after an L5–S1 fusion done with the AxiaLIF technique at an outside facility. The patient was managed with antibiotic therapy and a diverting ileostomy, without the removal of the AxiaLIF device.ResultsOver the next year, she had symptoms indicative of nonunion of the operated level and breakdown at the adjacent level, which were confirmed with imaging. She underwent revision posterior spinal fusion without the removal of the AxiaLIF device. Eighteen months after the AxiaLIF device was placed, the patient continued to demonstrate no signs of infection recurrence.ConclusionsDelayed presentation of rectal perforation with a subsequent anaerobic sepsis is a potential complication of the presacral approach to the L5–S1 disc space. Recognition and treatment with fecal diversion and long-term intravenous antibiotics is an alternative to device removal and sacral reconstruction.     

Ocular complications after kidney transplantation: a case report and review of literature

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II (MPGN II), also known as a dense deposit disease, is a chronic progressive kidney disease that often progresses to end-stage renal disease within 10 years. Most patients also have multiple subretinal white spots or drusen-like deposits that are histopathologically identical to the glomerular basement membrane deposits. The purpose is to determine ocular findings in a patient with MPGN II before and after renal transplantation and to correlate them with clinical characteristics related to transplantation and review of literature. We present a case of a 45-year-old female with MPGN II who developed bilateral serous retinal detachment and retinal hemorrhages in the left eye, which appeared 6 months after a renal transplant. Ocular complications in our case, with the exception on the retina, were present at the cornea and iris. Changes to the eyes were independent of the renal disease, because there was no recurrence of MPGN II on the renal graft.     

西罗莫司治疗心脏死亡器官捐献肾移植术后急性排斥反应(附1例报告并文献复习)

探讨西罗莫司在心脏死亡器官捐献(donation after cardiac death,DCD)肾移植术后急性排斥反应中的应用.方法 回顾性分析1例接受同种异体DCD供肾受者肾移植术后发生急性排斥反应,早期应用西罗莫司治疗的临床资料并复习相关文献.结果 1例DCD供肾肾移植受者,采用他克莫司(FK506)+吗替麦考酚酯(MMF)+泼尼松三联抗排斥免疫方案(FK506每次3 mg,每日2次;MMF每次750 mg,每日2次;泼尼松每次15 mg,每日1次),术后即出现无尿,诊断为移植物功能延迟恢复(DGF).行血液透析治疗,每周3次.术后35 d发现尿量减少,移植肾彩色多普勒超声提示急性排斥反应,经肾上腺皮质激素冲击治疗无效后,血清肌酐(Scr)升高,提示治疗无效,改为西罗莫司+ FK506+ MMF+泼尼松的四联方案(西罗莫司每次0.5 mg,每日1次;FK506每次2 mg,每日2次;MMF每次250 mg,每日2次;泼尼松每次15 mg,每日1次),并减少他克莫司剂量.改用方案后3d患者Scr逐渐下降至正常,至出院后未再出现排斥反应.患者随访至2013年4月移植肾功能稳定,生活质量良好.结论 西罗莫司有利于DCD供肾肾移植患者肾功能早期恢复,对术后急性排斥反应有一定疗效.     

小肠移植术后慢性移植物失功1例报道及文献复习

目的探讨小肠移植术后慢性移植物失功(chronic graft dysfunction,CGD)的诊断及治疗。方法报道国内首例同种异体小肠移植患者术后CGD的临床资料,复习相关文献。结果患者因"门静脉血栓、脾静脉血栓致肠系膜血栓"切除了大部分小肠,后行同种异体小肠移植术。术后长期服用他克莫司(FK506),屡次发生排斥反应。术后3次因"小肠狭窄、不全性肠梗阻"行"小肠节段切除吻合术"。其中术后576d第3次出现肠梗阻,予经皮内镜下胃空肠造瘘术胃肠减压等治疗,确定移植肠不可逆性失功后行移植小肠切除术。结论 CGD治疗困难,预后不佳,预防胜于治疗。在确诊CGD不可逆后应尽快切除移植小肠,挽救患者生命,有条件应尽快安排再次移植。     

Lymphedema tarda after liver transplantation: a case report and review of the literature

We present a patient with lymphedema that developed after orthotopic liver transplantation. The cause of the posttransplant lymphedema was likely related to a developmental abnormality of the lymphatic system that was exaggerated by refractory chylous ascites. A peritoneal fluid with a milky appearance, chylous ascites is rich in triglyceride and is caused by the obstruction or disruption of abdominal lymphatic channels. It is a rare complication that may develop after trauma or abdominal surgery or as a result of a malignant disease, and it is even more uncommon after liver transplantation. Therapy for chylous ascites involves treating its underlying cause. In the patient we describe, lymphedema tarda, which was diagnosed 6 months after liver transplantation, was likely caused by chylous ascites and a developmental abnormality of the lymphatic system.     

异基因造血干细胞移植术后发生甲状腺功能亢进1例报告并文献复习

目的  探讨异基因造血干细胞移植术后发生甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)的诊治特点。方法  回顾性分析2008年12月在中山大学附属第三医院血液科行异基因造血干细胞移植术后发生甲亢的1例女性患者的临床资料,总结分析该例患者的临床表现、实验室检查以及诊治经过,并复习相关文献。结果  该患者异基因造血干细胞移植术后39个月出现甲亢症状,患者有甲亢特异性临床表现和实验室检查结果,诊断为弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿(Graves病),给予药物治疗后效果良好。结论  异基因造血干细胞移植术后发生甲亢临床少见,有特异性临床表现,确诊主要依靠实验室检查。该病如早期诊断和治疗,疗效良好。     

肝移植术后新发胃癌1例临床分析附文献复习

目的 总结肝移植术后新发胃癌的诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析2003年8月至2009年12月间在中山大学附属第三医院共实施肝移植术726例,其中1例肝移植术后新发胃癌病例回顾该例临床资料,并进行文献复习.结果 该院肝移植术后新发胃癌发生率0.14 %(1/726).患者男性,肝移植时年龄为57岁,诊断肿瘤时年龄为59岁.从...     

肾移植术后急性重型肝炎2例报告并文献复习

目的探讨肾移植术后急性重型乙型病毒性肝炎(急性重型肝炎)的死亡原因、治疗及预防方法。方法回顾性分析2008年至2010年2例肾移植术后急性重型肝炎的临床资料。结果南方医科大学附属珠江医院2008年至2010年肾移植术后急性重型肝炎发生率0.2%(2/500)。2例患者中1例术前有乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)病史,另1例无乙肝病史但术前未行乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)检查。2例术前均未接受抗HBV治疗。分别于术后4、9个月发病,查HBV标记物阳性和HBVDNA水平明显升高,确诊为急性重型肝炎。2例予停用免疫抑制药物,给予多烯磷脂酰胆碱、甘草酸二铵(甘利欣)护肝治疗,予恩替卡韦抗病毒治疗,其中1例加用血液灌流治疗。2例病情进展迅速,最终死于多器官功能衰竭。结论肾移植术后急性重型肝炎的发生率较低,但病情严重、进展迅速、疗效不佳、预后较差。该病以预防为主,确诊乙肝的患者术前、术后应口服敏感抗病毒药物,及时调整免疫抑制剂,定期复查肝功能、HBV标记物、HBVDNA定量,HBV标记物阴性者术前应接种乙肝疫苗,待抗体达到一定滴度后再行移植手术。     

Secondary syphilis after liver transplantation: case report and review of the literature

Syphilitic disease is uncommon, but its incidence has increased worldwide in the last few years. An unusual manifestation of secondary syphilis after orthotopic liver transplantation is described which confirms that lues should be considered in patients with immune deficiency and abnormal liver function tests.     

血浆置换联合利妥昔单抗治疗肾移植术后抗体介导的排斥反应1例报告并文献复习

目的探讨血浆置换联合利妥昔单抗治疗肾移植术后抗体介导排斥反应(antibodymediated rejection,AMR)的疗效。方法回顾分析1例发生AMR的肾移植受者的临床资料并复习相关文献。结果 1例女性患者,肾移植术后7年,分娩后移植肾失功,1年后行二次肾移植术。术后予他克莫司(FK506)+麦考酚吗乙酯(MMF)+泼尼松三联免疫抑制治疗,肾功能正常。术后5 d患者出现突发尿少,移植肾区胀痛,群体反应性抗体(PRA)Ⅰ类分子升高至14.29%,供体特异性抗体(donor-specific antibody,DSA)阳性,血清肌酐(Scr)升高达606μmol/L,予血浆置换1次(血浆2 000 ml),置换后给予单剂利妥昔单抗500 mg静脉滴注,治疗18 d后复查PRA及DSA阴性,尿量增加,肾功能恢复正常。患者随访至2011年6月,查PRA及DSA一直维持阴性,肾功能良好。结论血浆置换联合利妥昔单抗用于治疗肾移植术后AMR有一定疗效。     

Rhinoliths causing palatal perforation: case report and literature review.

Rhinoliths are calcified masses formed within the nasal cavity because of the solidification of mucus, debris, or foreign objects by gradual accretion of mineral salts. They are mostly asymptomatic and incidentally diagnosed, although some patients may complain of nasal discharge and obstruction. Ulceration of the nasal mucosa, facial swelling, and bone destruction are less frequently observed but bring about difficulties for differential diagnoses with several pathologic entities. This article presents a case of a 54-year-old woman with a rhinolith causing palatal perforation, focusing on the diagnostic process and histopathologic characteristics.     

肾移植术后妊娠三例报告及文献复习

目的探讨肾移植术后妊娠及分娩对移植肾功能及新生儿的影响。方法观察分析3例女性肾移植患者妊娠及分娩过程移植肾功能及新生儿健康状况指标。3例患者年龄分别为32、31和31岁。肾移植术后均接受环孢素（CsA）、硫唑嘌呤（Aza）和浚尼松三联免疫抑制治疗方案。分别于肾移植后35、34、43个月妊娠。结果3例患者妊娠过程中均未发生急性排斥反应，移植肾功能未出现异常。发生先兆子瘸2例。3例患者分别于孕第34、38和37周实施剖腹产手术，过程顺利。新生儿体重分别为2350、3800和3800g．新生儿Apgar评分均为10分。随访14—46个月，患者移植肾功能及新生儿生长发育均未见异常。结论肾移植术后肾功能正常的育龄妇女可以成功妊娠和生产。     

儿童肝移植术后罕见药物性肝损害1例报道并文献复习

目的探讨儿童肝移植术后药物性肝损害的诊疗经验。方法回顾性分析1例小儿肝移植术后药物性肝损害病例的临床资料并进行文献复习。结果患儿于肝移植术后1年4月余出现肝功能异常,其中血碱性磷酸酶(alkalinephos phatase,ALP)水平明显升高,经除外急性排斥反应、维生素D缺乏性佝偻病、胆汁淤积性疾病、病毒感染、骨代谢异常、甲状旁腺功能亢进症及血液系统疾患等原因后,考虑为他克莫司(FK506)不良反应所致肝损害,停用FK506,改为麦考酚吗乙酯(MMF)+环孢素(CsA)抗排斥治疗后,患儿肝功能逐渐好转。结论儿童患者的生理及药物代谢具有特殊性,小儿肝移植术后FK506所致药物性肝损害较为罕见,临床上应予以重视。