海马硬化合并局灶性皮质发育不良致难治性颞叶癫痫手术预后的影响因素

目的探讨影响海马硬化(hippocampal sclerosis,HS)合并局灶性皮质发育不良(focal cortical dysplasia,FCD)双重病理所致难治性颞叶癫痫手术预后的因素。方法回顾性分析45例病理学证实为双重病理(HS合并FCD)致难治性颞叶癫痫手术患者的临床资料。术后随访1～5年,将随访结果进行Engel分级,EngelⅠ-Ⅱ级者为治疗有效组,Ⅲ-Ⅳ级者为治疗无效组。应用二元Logistic回归分析影响预后的相关因素。结果术后Engel分级:治疗有效组29例(64. 4%),其中Ⅰ级者27例、Ⅱ级者2例;治疗无效组16例(35. 6%),其中Ⅲ级者9例、Ⅳ级者7例。二元Logistic回归分析示,病理分型为FCDⅢa型(P=0. 032,OR=6. 098,95%CI=1. 167～31. 863)和致痫灶是否完全切除(P=0. 002,OR=13. 487,95%CI=2. 574～70. 679)对手术预后的影响有统计学意义;而发病年龄、术前发作频率、病程、手术年龄、有无高热惊厥史、头颅MRI是否异常对手术预后的影响均无统计学意义(均P 0. 05)。结论病理分型为FCDⅢa型、完全切除致痫灶是双重病理(HS合并FCD)所致颞叶癫痫手术预后良好的影响因素。     

189例颞叶癫痫手术疗效分析

目的 评价难治性颞叶癫痫的手术疗效.方法 对189例难治性颞叶癫痫的手术效果回顾性分析.结果 随访1～14年,疗效按Engel的标准评定,189例中Ⅰ级(术后即无癫痫发作)118例(62.4%),Ⅱ级(极少发作,1～2次/年)29例(15.3%),Ⅲ级(发作频率减少75%以上)26例(13.8%).Ⅳ级(无效)16例(8.5%).总有效率为91.5%,效果优良率为77.7%.无严重并发症及手术死亡.结论 外科手术治疗药物难治性颞叶癫痫是一种安全、有效的方法;对致痫灶的精确定位和彻底处理是提高疗效的关键.     

难治性颞叶癫痫术后急性发作对远期预后的预测价值

目的探讨药物难治性颞叶癫痫术后急性发作对远期预后的影响。方法回顾性分析我院自2009年6月-2010年6月收治的52例药物难治性颞叶癫痫患者的临床资料,所有患者均接受外科治疗,术后定期门诊或电话随访。根据术后7天患者有无急性发作,分为2组,分为实验组(复发),对照组(未复发)。将2组患者随访资料、远期预后(5年)等进行对比分析。结果实验组癫痫控制满意率为35.0%,对照组控制满意率为68.8%,实验组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.683,P=0.017)。在多元Logistic回归分析结果中,复发次数、术前使用抗癫痫药物数量、术后脑电图,术后急性发作与术前习惯性发作相似是影响远期预后的独立影响因子。结论难治性颞叶癫痫术后急性发作对患者远期预后存在影响,已明确的影响因子包括:复发次数、术前抗癫痫药≥3种,术后脑电图及术后急性发作与术前习惯性发作相似。     

伽玛刀治疗癫痫为首发症状的颅内海绵状血管瘤疗效的影响因素

目的评估以癫痫为首发症状的颅内海绵状血管瘤伽玛刀治疗疗效及影响疗效的因素。方法回顾性分析2008年1月~2013年1月伽玛刀治疗的以癫痫为首发症状的颅内单发海绵状血管瘤36例的临床资料。依据改良Engle分级标准评估治疗后癫痫控制效果,并分析病灶体积、边缘剂量、病灶部位对疗效的影响。结果随访36~72个月,癫痫总控制率为80.6%,其中Engel分级Ⅰ级13例,Ⅱ级10例,Ⅲ级6例,Ⅳ级7例;多因素分析显示颞叶病灶疗效较差(OR=0.083,95%CI:0.012~0.558,P0.05)。术后并发症包括放射性脑水肿4例(9.5%),治疗后症状性病灶出血4例,无死亡病例。结论伽玛刀对以癫痫发作为主要症状的颅内海绵状血管瘤有效,不同边缘剂量及体积与预后无显著相关性,颞叶病灶有效率低。     

影响局灶性皮质发育不良所致难治性癫痫手术疗效的相关因素分析

目的分析影响局灶性皮质发育不良(FCD)所致药物难治性癫痫手术疗效的相关因素。方法收集2015年9月至2018年7月在中国科学技术大学附属第一医院神经外科接受手术治疗并经病理确诊为FCD的50例药物难治性癫痫患者的临床资料,包括病史、发作频率、病灶位置、视频脑电结果、头颅MRI表现、术前服药种类、手术切除范围、术后早期癫痫发作情况,采用Engel分级评估患者手术疗效,并将其分为预后良好组和预后不良组。运用统计学方法分析FCD所致难治性癫痫的手术疗效相关影响因素。结果共有50例患者接受手术,其中致痫灶位于颞叶31例,额叶14例,顶叶2例,枕叶2例,颞枕叶1例,手术完整切除致痫灶44例,未完整切除6例,术后病理分型为FCDⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型分别有19例、17例、14例,术后随访时间为12～46个月,平均(20.7±7.9)个月,术后EngelⅠ级34例、EngelⅡ级3例、EngelⅢ级5例、EngelⅣ级8例,预后良好组34例,预后不良组16例。单因素分析显示病程≥10年、术后出现早期癫痫发作、致痫灶未完全切除者手术疗效较差(均P0.05)。二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,致痫灶是否完全切除和术后是否出现早期癫痫发作是FCD所致难治性癫痫手术疗效的独立影响因素(均P0.05)。结论致痫灶是否完整切除和术后是否出现早期癫痫发作与FCD致难治性癫痫的手术疗效密切相关。患者的病程也是FCD致难治性癫痫手术疗效的重要预测因素。     

颞叶内侧癫痫的两种术式对发作控制的对比分析

目的观察前颞叶切除术和选择性海马、杏仁核切除术对颞叶内侧癫痫的发作控制效果是否有差别。方法 2009年1月至2010年12月在我科行前颞叶切除术的67例颞叶内侧患者为A组;2011年6月至2013年5月在我科行选择性海马、杏仁核切除术的46例颞叶内侧患者为B组;统计分析两组术后1年发作控制为Engel I-II级和Engel III-IV级的人数。结果 A组Engel I-II级56例(83.58%),Engel III-IV级11例(16.42%);B组Engel I-II级40例(86.95%),Engel III-IV级6例(13.05%)。经χ2检验两组术后对MTLE发作的控制率无统计学差异,χ2=0.243,P0.05。结论前颞叶切除术和选择性海马、杏仁核切除术对颞叶内侧癫痫发作都能获得良好的控制,两者疗效无明显差异。     

药物难治性颞叶癫痫手术远期效果评估

目的总结分析药物难治性颞叶癫痫手术远期效果,并评估影响长期预后的术前相关因素。方法对120例药物难治性颞叶癫痫手术患者进行长期追踪随访,回顾性研究影响患者预后的因素。结果普通手术流程组39例中,随访1.5￣3.5年,术后9例(23%)无癫痫再发,1例(3%)仅有先兆发作,4例(10%)在随访期间偶有痫性发作,6例(15%)痫性发作明显减少,19例(49%)效果不明显。在改良手术流程组81例中,随访1.5￣3年,术后37例(46%)无癫痫再发,9例(11%)仅有先兆发作,11例(14%)在随访期间偶有痫性发作,11例(14%)痫性发作明显减少,13例(16%)效果不明显。结论对于难治性颞叶癫痫手术患者而言,MRI上单侧颞叶病灶、单侧海马萎缩,首次癫痫发作年龄小于12岁,局部痫性发作时有意识障碍及局部发作时脑电图呈明显痫样放电预示手术效果较好。改良手术流程优于普通手术流程。     

影响颞叶癫痫预后相关因素分析

目的研究颞叶癫痫患者病史、脑电图、头颅影像学资料等与其预后的关系。方法回顾分析我院确诊的99例颞叶癫痫患者病史、头颅影像学资料、发作间期脑电图资料、药物疗效,依据药物疗效分为难治性癫痫组46例,非难治性癫痫组53例,比较两组间差异。结果比较两组间差异发现:头颅MRI异常(χ2=7.55,P<0.01)、发作间期脑电图(electroencephalogram,EEG)反复异常(χ2=8.21,P<0.01)、初发年龄小(Z=-3.81,P<0.01)、病程长(Z=-4.41,P<0.01)与难治性颞叶癫痫有关。结论头颅MRI异常、发作间期EEG反复异常、初发年龄小、病程长为颞叶癫痫预后的不良因素。     

颞叶癫痫的显微外科治疗

目的探讨颞叶癫痫的术前评估及显微外科治疗方法。方法选择73例颞叶癫痫患者,根据病史、影像学、电生理等资料进行术前评估,采用改良的显微外科前颞叶切除术并根据癫痫灶的定位和性质术中微调整。结果本组患者术后随访半年~两年,满意54例(74%),显著改善(癫痫发作减少75%以上)11例(15%),良好(癫痫发作减少50%以上)6例(8%),效果差或无改善2例(3%)。结论术前评估明确后,外科手术治疗难治性颞叶癫痫是一种安全、有效的方法。对致痫灶的综合精确定位和彻底处理是提高疗效的关键。     

卒中后癫痫再发的影响因素分析

目的探讨临床因素和再发卒中后癫痫的关系,寻找癫痫发作的危险因素方法收集2010年1月-2016年4月在华西医院神经内科住院并完成随访的105例卒中后癫痫发作患者。应用Logistic回归模型分析影响节中后癫痫再发的风险因素。结果纳入的105例卒中后伴有癫痫发作的患者中,男62例(59.0%),中位年龄72岁;卒中发病至癫痫发作的中位时间为180d。80%患者接受了抗癫痫药物(AEDs)治疗,平均随访720d,70%患者无癫痫再发作。在多因素分析当中,年龄72岁[OR=3.03,95%CI(1.19,7.76),P=0.02],随访时遗留中重度残疾[OR=3.01,95%CI(1.1,8.18),P=0.03],和使用两种以上AEDs[OR=3.85,95%CI(1.3,11.18),P=0.01]是卒中后癫痫再发的独立风险因素。结论针对卒中后癫痫的治疗,临床医生不仅需要积极治疗和预防原发疾病来减轻卒中后遗症,还需要根据癫痫发作类型合理正确选择AEDs来共同预防癫痫复发。     

Seizure recurrence after planned discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs in seizure-free patients after epilepsy surgery: a review of current clinical experience

PURPOSE: Although epilepsy surgery, especially temporal lobe epilepsy surgery, is well established to control seizures in patients remaining on antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment, less information is available about how many seizure-free surgical patients will relapse after discontinuation of AEDs under medical supervision. METHODS: A literature review yielded six retrospective clinical observations. RESULTS: After planned discontinuation of AEDs in patients rendered seizure free after epilepsy surgery, most often various forms of temporal lobe surgery, the mean percentage recurrence rate in adults in four studies was 33.8%[95% confidence interval (CI), 32.4-35.2%], with maximum follow-up ranging from 1 to 5 years. Seizure recurrence increased during the follow-up of 1 to 3 years and occurred within 3 years of AED discontinuation. In one study of children with temporal lobe epilepsy, the recurrence rate was 20%. More than 90% of adult patients with seizure recurrence regained seizure control with reinstitution of previous AED therapy. Seizure recurrence was unaffected by the duration of postoperative AED treatment; as a consequence, delaying discontinuation beyond 1 to 2 years of complete postoperative seizure control seems to have no added benefit. The occurrence of rare seizures or auras after surgery did not eliminate the possibility of eventual successful AED discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS: AED discontinuation is associated with a seizure recurrence in one in three patients rendered seizure free by epilepsy surgery. These results will be useful in counseling patients about discontinuing AED treatment after successful epilepsy surgery.     

Kaplan-Meier analysis on seizure outcome after epilepsy surgery: do gender and race influence it?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate seizure outcome following epilepsy surgery for patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and evaluate is gender and race/ethnicity influence it. METHODS: Data were obtained from the discharge database of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Epilepsy Center, between 1985 and 2001. The sample consisted of all patients with a primary diagnosis of medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy. Seizure recurrence was tabulated at 7 days, 2 months, 6 months, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 years following surgery. Logistic regression analysis was used to model the presence of seizure recurrence after anterior temporal lobectomy for all patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis was done to obtain estimates and 95% CIs of seizure freedom from baseline. Baseline variables--age at surgery, age at seizure onset, sex, side of resection, immediate postoperative seizures, and pathology results--were assessed as potential predictors of each outcome by comparing the survival curves within each variable with a log rank test. RESULTS: Three hundred sixty-eight patients underwent surgical treatment for TLE, mean age of 30.2 years. Thirty-five patients were African American, 43% were men. Immediate postoperative seizures were seen in 23 patients, while seizure recurrence occurred in 27.3% patients within a year after surgery, and in 33.6% within 6 years. Logistic regression results showed no differences between African Americans and whites, between males and females. The occurrence of immediate postoperative seizures was a strong predictor of late seizure recurrence only at 1 year after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of seizures in the immediate postoperative period is a strong predictor of later seizure recurrence. Sex and race/ethnicity do not appear to be predictors of long-term outcome following surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy.     

Long term outcome of temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: analyses of 140 consecutive patients

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the long term results of temporal lobe epilepsy surgery in a national epilepsy surgery centre for adults, and to evaluate preoperative factors predicting a good postoperative outcome on long term follow up. METHODS: Longitudinal follow up of 140 consecutive adult patients operated on for drug resistant temporal lobe epilepsy. RESULTS: 46% of patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy became seizure-free, 10% had only postoperative auras, and 15% had rare seizures on follow up for (mean (SD)) 5.4 (2.6) years, range 0.25 to 10.5 years. The best outcome was after introduction of a standardised magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocol (1993-99): in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy, 52% of patients became seizure-free, 7% had only postoperative auras, and 17% had rare seizures (median follow up 3.8 years, range 0.25 to 6.5 years); in palliative cases (incomplete removal of focus), a reduction in seizures of at least 80% was achieved in 71% of cases (median follow up 3.1 years, range 1.1 to 6.8 years). Most seizure relapses (86%) occurred within one year of the operation, and outcome at one year did not differ from the long term outcome. Unilateral hippocampal atrophy with or without temporal cortical atrophy on qualitative MR imaging (p < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) 5.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0 to 13.7), other unitemporal structural lesions on qualitative MR imaging (p < or = 0.001, OR 6.9, 95% CI 2.2 to 21.5), onset of epilepsy before the age of five years (p < 0.05, OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 7.2), and focal seizures with ictal impairment of consciousness and focal ictal EEG as a predominant seizure type (p < 0.05, OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.2 to 9.1) predicted Engel I-II outcome. Hippocampal volume reduction of at least 1 SD from the mean of controls on the side of the seizure onset (p < 0.05, OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.1 to 9.2) also predicted Engel I-II outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Outcome at one year postoperatively is highly predictive of long term outcome after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. Unitemporal MR imaging abnormalities, early onset of epilepsy, and seizure type predominance are factors associated with good postoperative outcome.     

A study of mortality after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To determine early and late mortality in a cohort of 305 consecutive patients who had temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) surgery over a 20-year period. METHODS: Survival status, cause of death, and postoperative clinical details of those who died were ascertained in a cohort of 305 patients who had TLE surgery. Mortality was related to postoperative seizure status, operative pathology, and side of resection. RESULTS: The survival status of 299 patients was established. Twenty deaths occurred. Mortality was 1 per 136 person-years, with a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 4.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2 to 6.6). Six deaths were sudden and unexpected (SUDEP). The SUDEP rate was 1 per 455 person-years. The overall death and SUDEP rates were lower than those reported for similar patient populations with chronic epilepsy. Mortality in patients who had right-sided resections for mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) remained considerably elevated with a mortality rate of 1 per 54 person-years, an SMR of 32.0 (95% CI, 24.7 to 40.5), and a SUDEP rate of 1 per 134 person-years. These patients had significantly lower seizure remission rates than left-sided patients, but the excess mortality was not simply explained by those patients whose partial seizures were uninfluenced by surgery. Patients who died had more severe or convulsive seizures despite an overall reduction in seizure frequency. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings confirm previous reports that TLE surgery lowers but does not normalize the overall mortality associated with chronic epilepsy. In patients with right-sided MTS, however, the postoperative mortality has remained similar to other groups with medically intractable seizures.     

Factors predictive of the outcome of frontal lobe epilepsy surgery

PURPOSE: To identify factors that predict the outcome in seizure control after frontal lobe epilepsy surgery (FLES). FLES is the second most frequent type of epilepsy surgery, but the results are generally not as good as those after anterior temporal lobectomy. METHODS: Our cohort consisted of 68 consecutive patients whose first epilepsy surgery involving the frontal lobe occurred between 1987 and 1994. Clinical history and results of imaging and electroencephalographic studies were reviewed in detail. Excellent outcome was defined as being seizure free or having only nondisabling seizures at last follow up. RESULTS: Forty of the 68 patients (58.8%) had an excellent outcome; none of the patients with a history of childhood febrile seizures had an excellent outcome, whereas outcome was excellent in 63% of those without that history (p 相似文献   

Acute postoperative seizures after frontal lobe cortical resection for intractable partial epilepsy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence and prognostic importance of acute postoperative seizures (APOSs) occurring in the first week after a focal corticectomy in patients with partial epilepsy of frontal lobe origin. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 65 patients who underwent a frontal lobe cortical resection for intractable partial epilepsy between April 1987 and December 2000. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 1 year after surgery. RESULTS: APOSs occurred in 17 (26%) patients. None of the following factors was shown to be significantly associated with the occurrence of APOSs: gender, duration of epilepsy, etiology for seizure disorder, use of subdural or depth electrodes, surgical pathology, or postoperative risk factor for seizures. Patients with APOSs were older at seizure onset and at the time of surgery (p = 0.003 and p = 0.05, respectively). At last follow-up, patients who had APOSs had a seizure-free outcome similar to that of individuals without APOSs (47.1% vs. 50.0%; p = 0.77). Patients with APOSs appeared less likely to have a favorable outcome [i.e., fewer than three seizures per year and >95% decrease in seizure activity (58.8 vs. 70.8%; p = 0.35)]. This result may not have reached statistical significance because of the sample size. No evidence suggested that precipitating factors or the timing of APOSs was an important prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of APOSs after frontal lobe surgery for intractable epilepsy does not preclude a significant reduction in seizure tendency. These findings may be useful in counseling patients who undergo surgical treatment for frontal lobe epilepsy.     

难治性癫痫手术预后因素分析

目的 探讨性别、诱因、发作类型、是否存在先兆、致痫灶部位、致痫灶范围、好发时段、年龄、初次发病年龄、病程、发作持续时间、发作频率、总手术时间、颅内手术时间、术中失血量等15种因素与难治性癫痫患者手术治疗后癫痫发作控制情况的关系。方法 分析359例难治性癫痫患者的临床资料、手术方案和术后随访资料。结果 本组所有病例随访1年以上．术后效果满意率为94．15％。单因素分析提示：诱因、发作类型、是否存在先兆、致痫灶部位、致痫灶范围、好发时段、初次发病年龄、病程、发作频率等因素与术后效果有显著性关系，性另q、年龄、发作持续时间、总手术时间、颅内手术时间、术中失血量等因素与术后效果无显著性关系。Logistic回归分析发现：有诱因、全身性发作、睡眠中好发、初次发病年龄轻、病程长可能为术后癫痫控制效果不满意的独立危险因素。结论 手术治疗难治性癫痫多可获得满意的效果。无发作诱因、部分性发作、无先兆、颞叶癫痫、单脑叶癫痫患者手术效果更好，睡眠中多发作、初次发病年龄轻、病程长、发作频率高者手术效果相对不满意。颞叶癫痫、单脑叶癫痫、儿童癫痫应成为外科治疗的重点。所有难治性癫痫一旦诊断成立、定位明确、可以手术，皆宜及早手术治疗。     

杏仁核海马立体定向射频热凝毁损术治疗内侧颞叶癫痫的临床研究

目的分析采用杏仁核海马立体定向射频热凝毁损术(SAHE)治疗内侧颞叶癫痫的方法、癫痫控制情况及神经心理学功能影响,评估SAHE的效果及安全性。方法选取48例内侧颞叶癫痫行外科手术治疗患者为研究对象,分析其一般资料、SAHE治疗方法及术后癫痫发作消失率、神经心理学功能术后检测情况。结果手术均顺利完成,术后随访6个月~2年,癫痫完全控制率为52.1%,治疗显效率为75.0%,总有效率为89.6%,术后11例(22.9%)患者出现轻度头痛,9例(18.8%)患者术后出现低热,均为给予特殊治疗,未影响后续治疗,后1周患者PIQ、VIQ、MQ有所下降,但是在之后的随访中发现患者术后6个月在神经心理功能各维度评测结果均已恢复至术前水平,术后1周患者PIQ、VIQ、MQ有所下降,但是在之后的随访中发现患者术后6个月在神经心理功能各维度评测结果均已恢复至术前水平。结论 SAHE对内侧颞叶癫痫的治疗效果显著,能够有效的减少术后癫痫发作次数,术后早期会对患者的语言、操作智商、记忆力有一定影响,但长远观察可恢复正常,安全性良好,值得临床推广应用。     

Postoperative psychoses in epileptic patients after temporal lobectomy

Introduction – Psychosis is the most severe psychiatric complication after epilepsy surgery. Patients and methods – We evaluated postoperatively at 1 year the psychoses of a series of 57 adult patients with intractable epilepsy who underwent temporal lobe surgery. Results – Five patients (8.8%) developed postoperative psychosis. Two (3.5%) of these 5 revealed postictal psychotic episodes in connection with persisting seizures, both of them had had similar episodes even preoperatively. Two patients (3.5%) exhibited a definite and one patient (1.8%) a probable de novo schizophrenia. Conclusion – Our findings clearly emphasize the need for careful postoperative psychiatric follow-up for patients with temporal lobectomy.     

Discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs after pediatric epilepsy surgery

In children with medically intractable seizures, epilepsy surgery is now a widely accepted option. Successful discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs after epilepsy surgery has been reported in adults, but rarely in children. Surgical outcome and need for antiepileptic drugs after temporal and extratemporal lobe resection were retrospectively reviewed for 80 pediatric patients from the Comprehensive Epilepsy Program at the University of Alberta. For 1 year after surgery, children were maintained on at least one antiepileptic drug. Antiepileptic drug discontinuation was attempted in all patients with a nonepileptic electroencephalogram after 1 year seizure-free. Less than half of the patients (44%) eventually relapsed without antiepileptic drugs. Of the 40 patients in the temporal lobe group, 13 (32%) relapsed without antiepileptic drugs, as did 22 of the 40 extratemporal lobe resection patients (55%). Success rates for antiepileptic drug discontinuation after surgery were higher in the temporal lobe than in the extratemporal lobe group. Long-term antiepileptic drugs are not necessary in all cases, and for many children medication can be withdrawn after epilepsy surgery.