肥厚性梗阻型心肌病60例心电图分析

1996年以来 ,我院共收治肥厚性梗阻型心肌病患者 6 0例。现将其心电图表现分析报告如下。资料与方法 :本组男 4 2例 ,女 18例 ;年龄 (40± 12 )岁。入选标准 :1有明显的临床症状。2二维超声心动图示左室流出道 <10 mm,舒张末期室间隔厚度≥ 15 mm,室间隔 /左室后壁≥ 1.3。全部病例均于常规记录 12导联心电图检查前 3天停用血管活性药物。结果 :本组合并心电图异常改变 5 8例 ,其表现为 :1ST-T改变最常见 (30例 ) ,T波深度倒置 >1m V (最深达2 .5 m V) ,其中 、av F、V4 - V6 倒置 15例 , 、 、av F导联倒置 5例 , 、 、av F、V4 - V…     

肥厚性梗阻型心肌病化学消融术早期心电图变化

目的:探讨肥厚性梗阻型心肌病导管化学消融术(PTSMA)治疗早期的心电图变化。方法:3例肥厚性梗阻型心肌病人均经超声心动图,左室造影,左室一左室流出道测压确诊,在心电图(ECG)、血压监测下,先做冠脉造影,后行PTSMA术,用无水酒精消融第一或第二间隔支,术后第1周连续心电监护并每日记录心电图,观察其演变情况,术后2周和4周复查ECG。结果:3例患者均出现剧烈胸痛,术后几分钟有2例出现一过性的Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞(Ⅲ°AVB),2例于术后30分钟发生尖端扭转性室速伴阿-斯综合症发作,经心脏电复律后转复。心电图表现为下壁Q波心梗1例,前间壁非Q波心梗2例,3例均有室性早搏,另见右束支传导阻滞(RBBB)1例。结论:肥厚性梗阻型心肌病化学消融术后早期心电图多表现心肌梗死,常见而严重的表现是Ⅲ°AVB和室速。束支阻滞和室性早搏也很常见,但多为一过性的。     

肥厚性心肌病临床及心电图分析

目的 观察肥厚性心肌病（HCM）的临床特点。方法 对36例HCM者的临床表现、心电图（ECG）及超声心动图（UCG）检查结果进行分析。结果 大多数HCM都有心、脑缺血临床表现;ECG有多种变化,以ST-T改变多见,占69．4％;UCG检查具有诊断价值。结论 结合临床、ECG及UCG结果可对HCM作出准确的诊断。     

起搏器治疗肥厚梗阻型心肌病

历史回顾虽然用起搏器治疗肥厚梗阻型心肌病被认为是一种新的治疗方法，但早在本世纪６０年代末期，一些最初的报告已提示了双腔起搏的血流动力学好处。Ｈａｓｓｅｎｓｔｅｉｎ和Ｗｏｌｔｅｒ［１］在１９６７年的一份病例报告中，首先认识到心室起搏能降低左室流出道的压...     

隐匿性肥厚性梗阻型心肌病诊断1例

正1对象和方法患者男性,59岁,主因反复胸痛3年入院。患者3年前剧烈活动后感心前区闷痛,持续5~10 min,此后快走、上楼等一般体力活动后即出现胸痛,休息后可自行缓解。2年前行冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查提示前降支(LAD)中段狭窄40%,诊断为冠状动脉粥样硬化,术后口服阿司匹林、阿托伐他汀和单硝酸异山梨酯缓释胶囊等药物治疗,     

肥厚性心肌病心电图及动态心电图分析

目的观察肥厚性心肌病的心电图及动态心电图特点。方法对经超声心动图诊断确诊的88例肥厚性心肌病患者的心电图和动态心电图检查结果进行回顾性分析。结果最常见的心电图和动态心电图异常是ST-T改变,达73．86％～92．05％,其次是左心室肥大,达59．09％。动态心电图显示,肥厚型梗阻性与非梗阻性心肌病的频发室性期前收缩发生率分别为30％与2．g％,多形和成对的室性期前收缩、RonT现象发生率分别为45％与16．2％,短阵室性心动过速速发生率分别为40％与13．2％,两组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论肥厚型心肌病心电图的主要表现为ST—T改变和左心室肥大,动态心电图有助于室性心律失常的诊断。     

肥厚性心肌病伴流出道梗阻的心电图表现及与彩超的对比分析

肥厚型心肌病 (ＨＣＭ)临床上较多见 ,其主要表现为室间隔与左室后壁的异常增厚 ,伴流出道梗阻则是其一种特殊类型。它是以非对称性肥厚和心室腔变小为特征的心肌病变。我院 1999年 5月～ 2 0 0 2年 8月确诊的肥厚性梗阻型心肌病 (ＨＯＣＭ)共 3 2例 ,进行了心电图及彩超检查 ,现报告如下。1　资料与方法3 2例均系住院患者 ,其中男 18例 ,女 14例 ,年龄 2 2～ 5 9(平均 41)岁。入院后均行心电图及彩超检查。心电图用福田ＦＣＰ - 410 1型 12道同步记录仪。彩超检查采用美国ＡｃｕｓｏｎＡｓｐｅｎ彩色多普勒显像仪 ,探头频率 3ＭＨｚ。2　结…     

化学消融治疗肥厚性梗阻型心肌病2例

1临床资料病例1:男性,55岁,于半年前开始出现乏力,近20余日出现活动后胸闷,无心慌、黑蒙、晕厥,心脏彩超发现肥厚梗阻性心肌病(室间隔上段)。入院查体:血压106/86mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),颈静脉无怒张,双肺呼吸音清,心前区无隆起,心尖部闻及Ⅳ级收缩期杂音,胸骨左缘3、4肋间可闻及Ⅱ～Ⅲ级收缩期杂音,较粗糙,腹软,肝脾未触及,双下肢无浮肿。实验室检查:血尿便常规、血生化、肝功等无异常,血沉29mm/h;心电图示窦性心律,V3～V6病理性Q波,V3～V5T波改变;胸片未见异常;心脏超声示心脏各房室大小正常,室间隔上段增厚,厚约1.46cm,下段变薄,室间…     

肥厚梗阻型心肌病间隔心肌消融术后心电图变化

目的 探讨肥厚梗阻型心肌病（hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy,HOCM)经皮间隔心肌消融术（percutaneous transluminal septal myocrdial ablation,PTSMA) 后心电图变化临床变化。方法 15例HOCM患者借助术中心肌声学造影技术确定靶域,完成间隔心肌消融术。术后利用心肌灌注显像作为回顾性定位诊断手段。随访中对比不同时间记录的心电图力动脉心电图记录。结果 心肌灌注显像显示消融部位与术中心肌声学造影相吻合,限于前间隔,仅1例心肌灌注显像示后壁显影稀疏。心电图示1例患者Ⅲ导联新发异常Q波,胸前导联无新发Q波。共3次5次心室颤动发生。2例植入DDD永久起搏器,右束支阻滞发生率73％。QRS时限、QT间期、QTc间期明显延长,Sv1 Rv5值显著降低,这些变化不随着靶域变薄而发生进一步变化。动态心电图记录并不增加室性心律失常。结论 PTSM所致心律失常发生率较高,但并不随着间隔心肌的变薄而加重,仅13％患者需要植入永久性起搏器。心肌声学造影有助于避免非靶域的心肌梗死。     

肥厚型心肌病的心电图改变

目的 探讨肥厚型心肌病患者心电图变化及其临床意义。方法 对44例肥厚型心肌病(Ⅰ型前间隔肥大14例，Ⅱ型前间隔、后间隔均肥大18例，Ⅲ型左心室前壁或／和侧壁、后壁肥大7例，Ⅳ型心尖部肥大5例)行常规12导联心电图检查。结果 心电图异常(ST-T改变、异常Q波、心室肥大等)发生率为93．2％。Ⅳ型ST-T改变多见于前侧壁、高侧壁，具有特殊性。其它三型患者异常Q波、ST-T改变发生率及部位差异均无显著性意义。结论 肥厚型心肌病患者大多存在不同程度的心电图异常，但除心尖肥厚型心肌病外，其他各型心电图改变无特异性。     

Evolution of the electrocardiographic changes in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

In 75 patients with hypertrophic cardiomopathy (HCM) followed for a mean period of 5.5 years (range 2-20 years), evolution of the electrocardiographic (EKG) changes was assessed. Progression of EKG abnormalities occurred in 35 patients (47%). It was manifested by an increase in precordial QRS voltage in 33 patients, development of new P-wave mitral in 11 patients, and development or disappearance of pathologic Q waves in 14 patients. With follow-up times greater than 5 years, 5-8 years, and greater than 8 years, EKG progression was present in 27, 41, and 80% of patients, respectively. Age less than 30 years at the beginning of study and left ventricular outflow obstruction predisposed to EKG progression within 5-8 years. Patients with progressive EKG changes were more prone to experience clinical deterioration than those without EKG progression (63 vs. 15%, p less than 0.001). With chronic verapamil administration, progression of EKG abnormalities occurred insignificantly less often than with propranolol treatment (35 vs. 64%, p = 0.20). It is concluded that with long-term follow-up, HCM tends to progress in a significant proportion of adult patients.     

Serial electrocardiographic and angiographic changes of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

The characteristics of ECG findings as they relate to myocardial changes during long-term course of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) were studied. Serial changes in ECG were compared with changes left ventriculogram and bi-ventriculogram in 15 patients with HCM without intraventricular conduction disturbance. Serial changes in ECG findings, with special reference to the negative T wave, were categorized in three groups; 1) 5 patients with increase or appearance of the negative T wave (A-1 group). 2) 4 patients with decrease or disappearance of the negative T wave (A-2 group). 3) 6 patients without significant changes in the T wave (B-group). A-1 group presented a marked increase in SV1 + RV5, and of the thickness of anterior and apical wall, and a decrease of the peak dV/dt/EDV (end diastolic volume-normalized peak filling rate), serially. End diastolic volume (EDV) and ejection fraction (EF) did not change significantly. The configuration of left ventriculogram changed from a round form to a spade-like form. A-2 group presented a marked decrease in SV1 + RV5, the thickness of anterior and apical wall, peak dV/dt/EDV and peak dV/dt/V (left ventricular volume of the time of peak filling-normalized peak filling rote). EF decreased serially, 2 cases of A-2 group presented the clinical picture of dilated cardiomyopathy in the end stage. In B group, SV1 + RV5, the wall thickness and left ventricular function did not change, serially. In conclusion, serial observations of ECG are useful for assessing alterations in wall thickness, LV-form and LV-function.     

Delayed electrocardiographic changes after percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

Objectives

This work aimed to study the delayed electrocardiographic changes, including Q-T interval, corrected Q-T dispersion, and heart rate variability (HRV) 3 years after percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA), in symptomatic patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM).

Methods

In 26 patients (11 women, 15 men; average age, 37.4 ± 11.2 years) with symptomatic and medically refractory HOCM, 1.4 ± 0.5 septal branches were occluded with an injection of 3.8 ± 1.3 mL of alcohol (95%) to ablate the hypertrophied interventricular septum. Baseline and 3 days and 3 years postprocedure 24-hour Holter electrocardiographic findings were determined.

Results

One patient developed complete atrioventricular block requiring permanent pacing. The PR interval was significantly prolonged 3 days after ablation, but recovered 3 years postprocedure. Three days after the procedure, all patients developed right bundle branch block, which was present in 24 patients after 3 years. The QRS duration was significantly prolonged 3 days after ablation and during 3 years of follow-up. There was significant and persistent prolongation of QT interval and transient prolongation of corrected QT dispersion 3 days after ablation and returned to preablation values 3 years postprocedure, but JT interval and corrected JT dispersion were not significantly changed after PTSMA. Heart rate variability data (time domain and frequency domain) 3 days and 3 years after PTSMA, including low frequency, high frequency, root mean squared successive difference interval, and the percent of sinus cycles differing from the preceding cycle by more than 50 milliseconds, significantly increased compared to that before the procedure. Low frequency/high frequency, SD of all normal-to-normal intervals, and SD of 5-minute average normal-to-normal intervals were not significantly changed after PTSMA.

Conclusions

Percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation for HOCM induces significant delayed electrocardiographic changes in most patients. The changes include QRS prolongation, new right bundle branch block, persistent QT prolongation, transient QT dispersion and PR prolongation, and changes in HRV data. Electrocardiographic long-term follow-up of a larger series of patients is required to determine the conclusive therapeutic significance.     

经皮经腔间隔心肌化学消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病两年疗效观察

目的　评价经皮经腔间隔心肌化学消融术 (PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病 (HOCM)的中期疗效。方法　 1 998年 8月～ 2 0 0 1年 1 0月 1 1 9名HOCM患者入选行PTSMA ,其中 34例随访近 2(2± 0 5)年。在消融术前及术后半年 (5～ 7个月 )至 2年行超声心动图测量室间隔厚度及左室流出道宽度。结果　 34例术后 2年随访平均室间隔厚度 (1 6 1± 4 8)mm ,[术前 (2 3 9± 6 0 )mm ,术后半年(1 8 8± 4 1 )mm] ,平均左室流出道宽度 (1 5 1± 5 3)mm ,术前 [(6 6± 2 3)mm ,术后半年 (1 2 1± 3 3)mm]。结论　PTSMA能显著降低室间隔厚度 ,增加左室流出道的宽度 ,随着时间延长疗效逐渐增加。     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的心律失常分析

目的 探讨肥厚性心肌病(HCM)者左室流出道梗阻对心律失常的影响.方法 回顾分析84例HCM者,根据超声心动图(UCG)检查分成梗阻组(A组)38例和非梗阻组(B组)46例,以动态心电图(DCG)结果,进行心律失常比较.结果 ①房性早搏(PAS)、室性早搏(PVS)、窦房结功能障碍、房室阻滞、室内阻滞的发生率,两组比较无统计学意义;②频发PVS发生率两组比较有统计学意义(P＜0.05);③频发PAS、短阵室上性心动过速、心房扑动、心房颤动、成对PVS、多源PVS、短阵室性心动过速发生率,两组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论 HCM易发生心律失常,A组快速心律失常发生率明显高于B组,左室流出道梗阻能增加HDCM者快速心律失常的发生,但不增加缓慢心律失常的发生.     

Chronologic electrocardiographic changes in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with cardiac troponin 1 mutation

Background Deletion of lysine 183 (K183del) in the cardiac troponin I (cTnI) gene is one of the mutations that causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, the phenotypic expression of this mutation has not been well established. Methods and Results We analyzed 10 probands with HCM associated with a K183del in the cTnI gene, as well as their family members. Forty-seven of these 80 subjects were found to be carriers and 33 were noncarriers. In the carrier subjects, electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities were initially noted during the early teenage years preceding echocardiographic abnormalities. Abnormal Q waves were found first and most frequently compared with other ECG abnormalities. Abnormal Q waves were frequently observed in leads II, III, aVF, V5, and V6 in teenage patients, whereas they were observed in many leads in patients >20 years old. The youngest of the 11 patients who had sudden cardiac death among studied pedigrees was a 14-year-old boy. Conclusions These results suggest that the first phenotypic manifestation in patients with HCM associated with a K183del mutation in the cTnI gene is abnormal Q waves in leads II, III, aVF, V5, and V6 during the early teenage years. To prevent sudden death in family members of patients with this mutation, it may be necessary to genetically diagnose it before age 10 years and to pay careful attention to any development of abnormal Q waves. (Am Heart J 2002;143:289-93.)     

Vector electrocardiographic features in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

The examination indicated that abnormal Q and QS waves recorded along the azes Z and Y in the adjusted lead system far clearly reflected a predominant site of suspected focal and scarring lestoh in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) as in coronary heart disease (CHD) (the anterior site in the Z lead and inferior one, in the Y lead), however, the difference in their quantitative characteristics do not fulfil the goals of the electrocardiographic differentiation between HCM and CHD. To differentiate HCM and CHD in the presence of Q and QS waves, a characteristic complex of signs was identified: elevated waves Rx (greater than or equal to 17.5 mm), Sy (greater than or equal to 7.3 mm) of the total value, sigma Rxyz + sigma Sxyz (greater than or equal to 48.3 mm) at the anterior site of "scarring" myocardial lesion and increased waves Sz (greater than or equal to 20.4 mm), sigma Sxyz (greater than or equal to 21.4 mm) at the inferior site. Only "indirect" signs remained on VECG in the presence of scarring myocardial lesion concurrent with arterial hypertension in CHD patients.     

子宫肌瘤患者的心电图分析

目的探讨子宫肌瘤患者的心电图表现。方法对200例子宫肌瘤患者心电图资料进行分析,200例健康体检女性作为对照组。结果子宫肌瘤患者心电图异常改变133例(66.5%),正常对照组心电图异常改变为46例(23%),二者差异有统计学意义。子宫肌瘤患者心电图异常以ST-T变化为主。结论子宫肌瘤患者心电图异常发生率较高,多表现为ST-T异常改变。