153Sm-聚氨基葡糖的标记及其在小鼠体内的分布

目的 建立153Sm标记聚氨基葡糖的方法,观察其通过尾静脉及肝间质内注射给药后在小鼠体内的生物分布,为进一步用于肿瘤治疗奠定基础.方法 将153Sm2O3与盐酸在适当的条件下制备成153SmCl3,然后与聚氨基葡糖螯合生成153Sm-CHICO(153Sm-聚氨基葡糖复合物).昆明种小鼠90只随机分为3组.1、2组小鼠分别经肝间质注射等活度的153Sm-CHICO和153SmCl3,3组小鼠经尾静脉注射153Sm-CHICO,剂量为6.1 MBq/0.05 ml,分别于给药后0.5、1、2、6、24及48 h各组处死5只,取血及主要脏器测定放射性计数率值,计算每克组织的百分注射剂量率(%ID/g),每组各时间点取1只小鼠行SPECT显像.结果 153Sm-CHICO的标记率为(95.6±2.7)%,48 h放化纯为(89.6±1.9)%.1组小鼠肝间质注射153Sm-CHICO放射性核素主要浓聚于穿刺点,仅有少量分布于注射点外肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、骨等组织器官.1组小鼠肝间质注射点区(直径5mm)在48 h百分注射剂量率均值为27.16%ID/g,为2组注射点的139倍,为3组肝组织百分注射剂量率值的131倍.2组和3组小鼠血2 h的放射性活度为1组130倍以上,且血中放射性计数在较短时间内快速下降.结论 153Sm-CHICO标记方法简单、可行,具有较高的标记率及较好的稳定性.肝间质注射的153Sm-CHICO较长时间滞留在注射部位局部较小范围,在注射点以外组织和器官分布较少,血液清除快,153Sm-CHICO可能成为肿瘤核素内照射治疗的一种新药.     

32P-磷酸铬瘤体内注射治疗裸鼠人胰腺癌Pc-3移植瘤

目的　研究32 P 磷酸铬 ( 32 P胶体 )间质注射人胰腺癌Pc 3移植瘤后在荷瘤裸鼠体内的生物学分布及抗癌效应。方法　 5 4只荷瘤裸鼠分为 9组 :1～ 3组瘤体内注射32 P胶体 14 .8MBq ,给药后 12、2 4、72h处死 ;4～ 9组瘤体注射剂量分别为 3 .7、7.4、14 .8、18.5、2 9.6和 0MBq ,给药后 14d处死 ,每组 6只鼠。通过光镜、透射电镜及免疫组织化学检测等方法 ,观察体内放射性动态分布 ( %ID/g)及形态学改变 ,计算抑瘤率、PCNA指数 (PI)。 结果　32 P胶体注射后主要浓聚并较长时间滞留在瘤体内。各剂量组的抑瘤率依序为 2 0 .8%、3 8.3 %、5 0 .7%、70 .2 %和 82 .3 % (F=2 61.3 4,P <0 .0 1)。PI依序为 70 .2、65 .2、45 .2、2 0 .2、10 .3和 92 .0 (F =3 75 .3 2 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论　32 P胶体瘤体内注射是一种安全、有效治疗胰腺癌的核素介入疗法。     

大鼠膀胱内灌注~(125)I脱氧尿嘧啶核苷的药代动力学及组织分布

目的探讨125I-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(125I-UdR)在大鼠膀胱内灌注后药代动力学及组织分布情况。方法将8只SD大鼠随机分成2组,每组4只。A组每只大鼠单纯125I-UdR(7.5MBq/kg体重)膀胱内灌注给药,B组每只大鼠单纯125I-UdR(7.5MBq/kg体重)经尾静脉注射给药。连续采集血液,用γ计数仪测定其放射性;12只SD大鼠随机分为3组,每组4只。每只膀胱内灌注125I-UdR1.5MBq,经0.5、2、24h后分组处死,取相关脏器后测量放射性计数。结果膀胱灌注125I-UdR后的大鼠体内代谢符合二房室分布模型,按化学剂量100μg/kg体重灌注后测得,平均T1/2α为3.34h,T1/2β为36.78h,Cmax为0.54μg/L,Tmax为1.72h。静脉注射125I-UdR后的大鼠体内代谢符合一房室分布模型,按化学剂量100μg/kg体重静注后测得,平均T1/2为0.09h,Cmax为14.55μg/L,Tmax为0.00h,膀胱灌注的绝对生物利用度F为38.46%。膀胱灌注后125I-UdR主要分布在大鼠膀胱,肝脏,脾脏中。结论125I-UdR用于膀胱灌注可以提高局部组织药物浓度,延长其在靶器官的滞留时间,并可减少对周围组织的毒副作用。     

不同体积肝脏移植疗效的实验研究

我们拟通过体外减体积法获得小体积供肝,以探讨大鼠不同体积的原位肝脏模型的建立方法及疗效。一、材料和方法雄性SD大鼠,周龄6～12周,体重2 40g左右。自由进食水,12h昼夜生活环境。采用浓度为0 .6%的苯巴比妥钠,按每公斤体重3 0～5 0mg给予腹腔内注射。全肝脏移植供肝获取按Kamada方法[1] 。5 0 %和3 0 %左右大小的小体积供肝的获取是首先按全肝脏移植时的方法获取全肝,然后,在体外即保存液中依次切取尾状叶,三角叶和左外叶。对于5 0 %体积大小供肝脏移植物,保留肝右叶和肝中叶。对于3 0 %体积大小供肝,要同时切除肝右叶,只保留肝中叶作…     

导向治疗药物131I-C50的I期临床研究

目的用[3]1I标记抗癌胚抗原(CEA)单抗C50,应用于临床胃肠癌的导向治疗,进行I期临床研究.方法对经传统治疗方法无效的10例胃肠癌病人进行了研究.[3]1I-C50剂量组分别为370MBq/m2,371～740MBq/m2,741～1110MBq/m2和1111～2220MBq/m2.给药途经腹腔注射5例,肝动脉内注射3例,胃粘膜下注射1例,淋巴结内注射1例.结果各组病人的造血系统功能均良好,肝肾功能未发生异常改变.药代动力学分析显示[3]1I-C50的清除,经肝动脉给药组,符合两室型数学模型;经腹腔给药组(恶性腹水组)符合一室一类吸收非线性型数学模型;人造腹水组符合一室一类吸收型数学模型.8例病人作了HAMA动态检测,阳性率为62.5%.治疗反应完全缓解(CR)2例,部分缓解(PR)5例,无改变(NC)2例,进展(PD)1例.8例血清CEA升高者,治疗后有7例下降;4例腹水CEA升高者,治疗后有3例下降.结论[3]1I-C50对肿瘤灶具有良好的导向作用,最大用量达2220MBq/m2仍未产生任何毒性反应.用药剂量还可以进一步加大,以期取得更好的疗效.     

肝动脉灌注和外周静脉输注5-FU在大鼠肝脏和血液中的浓度分布的实验研究

目的探讨经肝动脉区域灌注和外周静脉注射5-FU在大鼠血液和肝脏组织中的浓度分布规律及差异。方法本研究将24只Wistar大鼠随机分为两组：A组为肝动脉灌注组;B组为外周静脉（颈静脉）输注组,分别经肝动脉插管区域灌注与经颈静脉注射5-FU,剂量为20mg/kg体重,每组均有6只大鼠取血,6只取肝组织样本。采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆及肝脏组织中5-FU的含量,并计算5-FU在肝脏和血浆中的药动学参数、穿透比率、穿透指数和相对治疗优势度。结果经外周静脉注射后肝脏组织的药物峰浓度（Cmax）和药物时量曲线下面积（AUC）分别为13.79±4.56μg/g,342.20±108.20μg·h/g;血浆Cmax和AUC分别为36.85±5.96μg/ml,842.00±158.00μg·h/ml。肝动脉灌注5-FU后肝脏组织药物Cmax和AUC分别为29.58±4.30μg/g,794.60±115.40μg·h/g;血浆Cmax和AUC分别为24.39±4.63μg/ml,639.70±133.80μg·h/ml。结论与外周静脉注射全身化疗比较,区域性肝动脉灌注5-FU可显著提高肝脏组织中的药物浓度,同时减少化疗药物在外周血中的分布。     

导向治疗药物~(131)I-C50的Ⅰ期临床研究

目的　用131I标记抗癌胚抗原 (CEA)单抗C5 0 ,应用于临床胃肠癌的导向治疗 ,进行Ⅰ期临床研究。方法　对经传统治疗方法无效的 10例胃肠癌病人进行了研究。131I -C5 0剂量组分别为 3 70MBq/m2 ,3 71～ 74 0MBq/m2 ,74 1～ 1110MBq/m2 和 1111～ 2 2 2 0MBq/m2 。给药途经 :腹腔注射 5例 ,肝动脉内注射 3例 ,胃粘膜下注射 1例 ,淋巴结内注射 1例。结果　各组病人的造血系统功能均良好 ,肝肾功能未发生异常改变。药代动力学分析显示131I-C5 0的清除 ,经肝动脉给药组 ,符合两室型数学模型 ;经腹腔给药组 (恶性腹水组 )符合一室一类吸收非线性型数学模型 ;人造腹水组符合一室一类吸收型数学模型。 8例病人作了HAMA动态检测 ,阳性率为 62 5 %。治疗反应完全缓解 (CR) 2例 ,部分缓解 (PR) 5例 ,无改变 (NC) 2例 ,进展 (PD) 1例。 8例血清CEA升高者 ,治疗后有 7例下降 ;4例腹水CEA升高者 ,治疗后有 3例下降。结论　131I -C5 0对肿瘤灶具有良好的导向作用 ,最大用量达2 2 2 0MBq/m2 仍未产生任何毒性反应。用药剂量还可以进一步加大 ,以期取得更好的疗效。     

LiMAx试验:一种新的判断肝切除患者预后的肝功能检验

背景肝功能衰竭仍是肝切除术后死亡的主要原因之一,并且很难在术前做出预测。本研究介绍一种新的limax检测的临床试验,它提供一种方法用于肝脏肿瘤患者的临床管理。方法每一例肝脏肿瘤并有手术适应症的患者在围手术期均行limax检测,一例患者术前通过三维虚拟手术分析肝脏体积。结果共有329例肝脏肿瘤患者在肝切除术前进行评估。术前Limax值切除组(139例,平均值为351μg/kg/h,从285～451μg/kg/h)显著高于未切除组(29例,平均值为299μg/kg/h,从223～376μg/kg/h),有统计学学差异(P=0.009)。当术后LiMax80μg/kg/h、80～100μg/kg/h和100μg/kg/h时,其院内死亡率分别为38.1%(8/21)、10.5%(2/19)和1.0%(1/99),(P0.0001)。决策树方法避免临界切肝量,术前应用预计会将死亡率从9.4%降低到3.4%(P=0.019)。结论 LiMAx检测在临床上可行并能有效测定肝脏储备功能。结合虚拟切除能够准确计算残余肝功能。LiMAx决策树方法能够显著提高术前评估价值和肝切除术后的疗效。     

食管癌细胞诱导裸鼠肝血管内皮细胞E-选择素的表达

目的探讨食管癌细胞诱导裸鼠肝血管内皮细胞E-选择素(E-selectin)的表达,及其在食管癌肝转移中的作用。方法 Balb/c裸鼠12只,鼠龄6～8周,重量20～25g。将12只鼠随机分为对照组和实验组,每组6只。实验组鼠用食管癌细胞株EC9706悬液(5×106/0.02ml)注入脾包膜下,1h后切除脾;对照组同样行开腹手术,注射磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)。注射8h后处死鼠取肝,用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)和免疫组织化学链霉亲和素生物素标记(LsAB)法检测裸鼠肝血管内皮细胞E-选择素的表达。结果实验组食管癌细胞株EC9706(5×106个)注射到裸鼠脾内,8h后用RT-PCR可在肝脏检测到E-选择素mRNA的表达;免疫组织化学检测显示:肝窦血管胞浆和胞膜E-选择素蛋白表达呈阳性。而对照组肝脏未能检测到E-选择素mRNA表达,E-选择素蛋白表达亦呈阴性。结论食管癌细胞株EC9706能诱导裸鼠肝脏E-选择素mRNA及蛋白表达,表明食管癌细胞株EC9706可能在肝脏中停留并形成转移灶。     

烧伤和内毒素血症后肝、肺组织特异性肿瘤坏死因子-α的下调

本研究评估了单独烧伤和内毒素注射以及二者联合对TNF-α mRNA的产生以及肝和肺两个重要脏器中蛋白质水平的作用。取200只6～8周龄、体重约24.7g±1.9g的雄性小鼠作3个实验。实验1:60只小鼠随机分为治疗组(ETX)和对照组(CNTL),每组4只,实验过程为24h(0、20min、40min、1h、2h、3h、6h、24h)。治疗组动物腹膜内注射脂多糖(ETX)2.5mg/kg,对照组给予0.3ml 0.9％生理盐水。动物在预定时     

Fetal distress does not affect in utero defecation but does impair the clearance of amniotic fluid

PURPOSE: An experimental study was performed to evaluate the effect of fetal distress on in utero defecation and clearance of amniotic fluid (AF). METHODS: Sixteen pregnant New Zealand white rabbits underwent laparotomy at 25 days' gestation (full term, 31 to 32 days) as group A (n = 8) and B (n = 8). Uteroplacental ischemia was achieved by constriction of the aorta below the renal arteries to cause fetal distress in group B, whereas sham operation was done in group A. In both groups, 0.1 mL of technetium-99m (99mTc)-HIDA containing 1 mCi of radioactivity was injected into the gluteus muscle of each fetus, which had been exposed through the uterus. Beginning 2 hours after injection, a live fetus was killed every 2 hours for 48 hours in both groups. Tissue samples from the reference organs (lung, heart, stomach, kidney, bladder) and liver, meconium in proximal, mid and distal bowels, AF, and maternal blood were taken. The radioactivity of each sample was determined by a gamma counter and the percentage injected dose (uptake) per gram of tissue (%ID/g) was calculated. The total uptake and mean transit time (MTT) showing intestinal transport were calculated using the linear trapezoidal approximation and extrapolation. The peak concentration (Cmax, %ID/g) and time corresponding to the peak (tmax, h) were obtained. RESULTS: (1) Significant difference was noted between the groups with regard to uteroplacental perfusion pressure and blood pH (51.0+/-2.6 mm Hg; pH, 6.9+/-0.1 in group B; 80.1+/-2.7 mm Hg, pH, 7.3+/-0.1 in group A; P < .05). (2) 99mTc-HIDA was predominantly trapped by the liver and excreted into the gastrointestinal tract and AF in both groups. (3) In liver and bowel, shape of the profile was bimodal because of fetal swallowing and similar in both groups, tmax was the same in both groups, Cmax was lower in group B than in group A, the total uptake was smaller in group B than in group A, and intestinal transport time was similar (44.2 hours in group A and 43.0 hours in group B). In amniotic fluid, shape of the profile was sigmoidal in group B and reached a Cmax value of 11.6% ID/g, whereas unimodal profiles were observed in group A with a Cmax value of 12.6% ID/g; radioactivity was eliminated from the AF with a rate constant of 0.48% ID/g h in group A (AUC, 273% ID/g h); whereas accumulation of radioactivity was noted in group B (AUC, 308% ID/g h). (5) In maternal blood, shape of the profile was sigmoidal in group A with a Cmax value of 2.9% ID/g and unimodal in group B (Cmax, 1.6% ID/g), accumulation of radioactivity was noted in group A (AUC, 93% ID/g h), whereas a rapid decline of radioactivity (k, 0.06% ID/g h) was noted in group B (AUC, 47% ID/g h). CONCLUSIONS: Fetal distress did not affect the intestinal transport dynamics and in utero defecation but impaired the clearance of AF and the passage into the maternal circulation, which was shown by the accumulation of radioactivity in AF only in group B and in maternal blood only in group A without any elimination rate. This finding suggests that meconium-stained AF is not related to meconium passage after fetal distress; rather, it reflects impaired clearance of AF, which already has containing meconium caused by physiological in utero defecation.     

局部内放疗预防肝癌切除术后复发的研究

目的了解肝内局部^32P玻璃微球（^32P-GMS）埋置对肝癌切除术后预防复发的效果。方法A组29位肝细胞性肝癌病人于肿瘤切除后局部埋置^32P-GMS，B组为同期38位肝癌病人行肝癌切除术后未埋置^32P-GMS。观察术后不同时间肝、血和尿中的放射性分布。随访统计两组病人的复发率和生存率。结果肝内局部埋置^32P-GMS的病人未发现血和尿中放射性分布。A组术后半年、1年、2年、3年及3年以上的复发率明显低于B组，存活率明显高于B组，具有统计学意义。两组手术死亡率及术后并发症发生率无明显差异。结论肝癌切除术后局部埋置^32P-GMS可以减少复发，延长病人的生存时间。     

32磷核素内照射治疗晚期肝细胞癌

目的 探讨经肝动脉灌注３２磷玻璃微球（３２Ｐ－ＧＭＳ）核素内照射治疗手术不能切除的肝细胞癌的疗效。方法 对１７例不能切除的肝细胞癌经皮下埋藏药盒行肝动脉９９Ｔｃ－ＭＡＡ（ｍａｃｒｏａｇｇｒｅｇａｔｅｄ ａｌｂｕｍｉｎ）造影,测定肺肝分流比和肿瘤、非肿瘤肝脏放射强度比（Ｔ／Ｎ）,然后灌注１．１１￣１．３０ＧＢｑ放射量的３２Ｐ－ＧＭＳ内放射治疗;以同期２０例的肝动脉化疗栓塞患者作对照。结果 １７例中无     

Experimental study of endotoxemia and reticuloendothelial system in hepatectomized cirrhotic rats

To investigate acute hepatic failure associated with endotoxemia and reticuloendothelial system (RES) in hepatectomized cirrhotic patients, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at the dose of 0.2 micrograms/100gBW was injected intravenously into the 70% hepatectomized three groups of rats as follows; LC: rats with thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis, Control: rats with normal liver, LC + FN: cirrhotic rats with intravenous supplementation of fibronectin. 1) The survival rates at 24 hours after hepatectomy of each group of LC, Control and LC + FN were 0%, 100%, and 80%, respectively. Residual liver of group-LC revealed massive necrosis in histological study. 2) Phagocytic index (K) of injected 3H-labeled LPS were 0.100/min, 0.155/min and 0.146/min, respectively. 3) Uptake of injected 3H-labeled LPS at 15 minutes after injection was remarkably elevated into the liver compared with the lung and spleen in each group. Also uptakes into the liver per gram of tissue were 0.96% ID/g, 3.00% ID/g and 1.46% ID/g, respectively, and those per total organ were 5.95% ID/TO, 8.20% ID/TO and 9.21% ID/TO, respectively. 4) Level of plasma fibronectin decreased and that of serum total bile acid increased remarkably after injection of LPS in group-LC compared with the others. These results suggest the mortality of hepatic necrosis by LPS in group-LC is attributed to markedly reduced RES function especially in the liver, and supplementation of fibronectin decreases the mortality by enhancing RES function.     

Evaluation of biodistribution by local versus systemic administration of 99mTc-labeled pamidronate

Background There is an emerging interest in utilizing local and systemic administration of bisphosphonates in orthopedics. The primary objective of this study was to use ^99mTc-pamidronate (^99mTc-PAM) as a tool and compare bone and tissue uptake by local versus systemic administration. Methods ^99mTc-PAM was administered intravenously (i.v.), subcutaneously (s.c.) and by direct application (d.a.) on a surgically exposed and fractured femur (d.a.#f). The animals were imaged at 2 h and 24 h after administration and then killed. Organs were harvested, and their radioactivity was estimated. Specific uptake in the right femur was compared between groups, as was systemic exposure to ^99mTc PAM. Results Bone uptake of ^99mTc-PAM in the i.v. and s.c. groups was 2.2 ± 0.15 and 0.65 ± 0.07% ID/g, respectively, at the 2 h time point. Uptake by surgically exposed right femur (d.a) was 5.15 ± 0.26% ID/g, 134% higher than the femoral uptake by the i.v. method (P < 0.05). In the presence of exposed bone when the femur was fractured (d.a.#f), the uptake was 7.89 ± 0.46% ID/g, a further 50% increase (P < 0.05). The uptake of ^99mTc-PAM increased after 24 h of application to 2.4 ± 0.15, 1.53 ± 0.09, 7.94 ± 0.99, and 13.2 ± 0.80% ID/g) for i.v., s.c., d.a., and d.a.#f methods, respectively. The increases in uptake for the d.a. methods were significantly higher than for the local methods at the 24-h time point (P < 0.05). Although renal uptake was comparable with the i.v. and s.c. methods (0.22 ± 0.03 and 0.22 ± 0.04% ID/g), it was significantly lower with the d.a. methods (0.05 ± 0.07 and 0.16 ± 0.07% ID/g) (P < 0.05). The corresponding urinary excretion was 55%, 45%, 36%, and 35% of the injected dose at 24 h. Conclusions The results indicate that the bone uptake of ^99mTc-PAM was significantly higher (P = 0.001) and the kidney uptake significantly lower (P = 0.004) with the d.a. methods than with the i.v. or s.c. method. The findings indicate the need for further study into the potential of local administration of bisphosphonates in the presence of orthopedic indications.     

Uptake and distribution of 3H testosterone in tissues of male Praomys (Mastomys) Natalensis

Summary Following the administration of labelled testosterone into 4–6 month old intact, or 24 h orchiectomized Praomys (Mastomys) Natalensis, the uptake of radioactivity by the prostate and other tissues was measured at different intervals. Two hours after the injection of the hormone, the concentration of radioactivity in the prostate was significantly higher than in most of the other organs, but less than that of the liver and kidney. Most of the radioactivity taken up by the liver and kidney disappeared 8–16 h after the administration of the hormone. Orchiectomy enhanced the uptake of the radioactivity by the prostate. Administration of unlabelled testosterone prior to the injection of labelled hormone or the addition of unlabelled testosterone in the incubation media significantly reduced the uptake of radioactivity by the prostate. These changes did not occur in the non target tissues. In an in vitro system prostatic tissue took up significantly more radioactivity than the diaphragm. These findings have been compared with the results of the similar experiments reported on the prostate of the male rat and the female Mastomys.     

186 铼-碘化油治疗原发性肝癌的临床研究

目的：了解^186铼－碘化油（^186Re-Lipiodol,RL）进入人体后是否能在肝癌组织中浓聚，对靶组织有无杀伤作用，对周围组织及全身脏器毒性如何。方法：通过理化方法将核素^186铼包在碘化油中，制成RL。选原发性肝癌（primary liver cancer,PLC）患者14例，经Seldinger‘s法插管到肝动脉，根据肿块大小分别注入RL10－20ml（含^186铼1110－2220MBq），通过ECT了解RL的体内分布，根据甲胎蛋白（AFP）含量的消长及肿块缩小情况，判官其疗效。结果：RL进入人体后，几乎全部浓聚于肝癌组织中，靶／非靶（N／NT）值达（10－14）：1；对机体的毒性反应极轻；所有患者的AFP进行性降低，其中1例转阴；肿瘤均不同程度缩小，其中PR占78％。结论：RL中的核素^186铼随碘化油的微小油滴“选择性”地分布在肝癌组织中，起到了核素内照射的作用。     

Biodistribution of liposome-associated bupivacaine after extradural administration to rabbits

After one extradural injection of 0.25% bupivacaine 0.3 ml and 3H- bupivacaine 0.005 mCi in multilamellar liposomes, no systemic radioactivity (plasma, liver, heart muscle) was obtained for 1 h, and the labelling was less than that of systemic distribution of plain bupivacaine for the following 3 h. In contrast, radioactivity in the lumbar spinal nerves peaked in the first hour and remained higher than that of plain bupivacaine for 4 h. No radioactivity was measured in cerebrospinal fluid. Small unilamellar vesicles incorporating 3H- cholesterol did not significantly label spinal nerves and central nervous structures indicating that the mode of action of liposomal bupivacaine did not involve uptake by nerve structures. Rapid uptake of radioactivity by spinal nerves suggested exchange of bupivacaine between liposomes and nerve sheaths.      

Radiotherapy with (186)Re-lipiodol II for primary liver cancer patients

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the biodistribution of (186)Re-lipiodol (RL) in patients with primary liver cancer (PLC) after hepatic arterial injection in attempt to assess the potential of RL as a radiopharmaceutical for the treatment of PLC. METHODS: RL was synthesized from (186)Rhenium and Lipiodol by a series of physical and chemical procedures. Doses of RL ranged from 1 110 MBq to 2 220 MBq per patient depending on the volume of tumor. Quantitative gamma camera imaging (ECT) and gamma counting of serum and urine were used to obtain data for dosimetry estimation. Serum tumor marker (AFP) level and shrinkage of tumor were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of RL. RESULTS: In the hepatic tumor, RL was selectively retained and radioactivity was very high throughout this study. The ratio of tumor concentration to the normal liver tissue concentration (T/NT ratio) was 10 - 14 at 48 hours after injection of RL. The main side effects of this therapy were transient fever and anorexia. No unacceptable toxicity was observed. In 100% of the patients, the therapy resulted in a significant decrease of AFP level and reduction of tumor volume. CONCLUSION: The biodistribution and imaging results demonstrated RL localized selectively in tumor, and that RL may be a potential internal radiopharmaceutical agent for the treatment of primary liver cancer.