围生期窒息新生儿血气分析与神经系统损害

目的探讨围生期窒息新生儿PaCO2及pH快速变化及其与神经系统损害之间的关系。方法将55例新生儿分为3组:组1 pH>7.00,无神经系统异常,无需呼吸支持;组2 pH≤7.00,余同组1;组3,pH≤7.00,神经系统异常,需辅助呼吸支持。采集脐动脉血、产后1 h和2 h桡动脉血进行血气分析并观察Apgar评分和临床经过。结果脐动脉血pH值和PaCO2各组间有显著差异;产后1h动脉血pH组1、3间和组2、3间有显著差异;产后1 h动脉血pH、PaCO2分别和脐动脉血pH、PaCO2比较,有显著差异;3组间有不同的神经系统表现;Apgar评分组3较低。结论在严重酸中毒时,胎儿出生后pH、PaCO2会发生显著改变,需持续辅助机械通气的患儿有不同的神经系统后遗症。     

围生期窒息新生儿血气分析与神经系统损害

【摘要】目的探讨围生期窒息新生儿PaCO2及pH快速变化及其与神经系统损害之间的关系。方法将55例新生儿分为3组：组1pH〉7．00，无神经系统异常，无需呼吸支持；组2pH≤7．00，余同组1；组3，pH〈7．00，神经系统异常，需辅助呼吸支持。采集脐动脉血、产后1h和2h桡动脉血进行血气分析并观察Apgar评分和临床经过。结果脐动脉血pH值和PaC02各组间有显著差异；产后1h动脉血pH组1、3间和组2、3间有显著差异；产后1h动脉血pH、PaC02分别和脐动脉血pH、PaCO2比较，有显著差异；3组间有不同的神经系统表现；Apgar评分组3较低。结论在严重酸中毒时，胎儿出生后pH、PaC02会发生显著改变，需持续辅助机械通气的患儿有不同的神经系统后遗症。     

脐动脉血血气分析与Apgar评分评估新生儿窒息的临床意义研究

目的 了解脐动脉血血气分析与Apgar评分在新生儿窒息诊断中的临床意义。方法对广东省江门市新会区妇幼保健院2012年4月至2013年1月出生的足月单胎新生儿采集脐动脉血进行血气分析,结合羊水性状、脏器损害及Apgar评分进行统计分析。结果 研究期间共分娩足月单胎新生儿3958例,成功采集脐动脉血3900例。生后1 min Apgar评分和脐动脉血pH值、PO2均呈正相关,与PCO2呈负相关（r分别为0.334,0.219,-0.227,P均〈0.05）。重度窒息新生儿脐动脉血气pH、PO2、BE、HCO-3均低于轻度窒息组和对照组,PCO2高于轻度窒息组和对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,对照组和轻度窒息组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。pH≤7.2组的新生儿窒息发生率、羊水浑浊发生率及脏器损害发生率均高于pH≥7.25组（7.7%比0.3%,68.0%比9.6%,8.3%比1.0%,P〈0.01）。结论 临床联合Apgar评分和脐动脉血血气分析可早期发现新生儿器官功能损害,是提供支持治疗可靠而简便易行的指标。     

脐动脉血pH值在新生儿窒息中的意义和价值

目的：由于Apgar评分的局限性,有可能造成新生儿窒息的误诊和漏诊,为弥补其不足,探讨脐动脉血pH值在新生儿窒息诊治中的意义和价值。方法：对经胎心电子监护异常的单胎足月新生儿140例,出生后立即采集脐动脉血进行pH值测定,同时给予生后1 min及5 min Apgar评分,对于62例1 min Apgar≤7分者,窒息复苏后立即转入儿科病房观察治疗,进行血清肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（CTnI）和脏器损伤指标的检测,并进行统计学分析。结果：脐动脉血pH值与出生后1 min和5 min Apgar评分呈正相关(r=0.513和0.478,均P＜0.01),Apgar评分愈低,脐动脉血pH值愈低,各分值组之间差异有显著性（P＜0.01）。出生后1 min及5 min Apgar评分与血清CTnI呈负相关（r=-0.614和-0.569,均P＜0.01）。脐动脉血pH值＞7.20,7.00~7.20,＜7.00相对应的血清CTnI值分别为（31.82±8.63）ng/L,（53.24±11.18）ng/L和（79.36±18.51）ng/L,随脐动脉血pH值的降低, 血清CTnI值明显升高(P＜0.01)。脏器损伤的发生率随Apgar评分的降低而升高（P＜0.05）,两者呈负相关(r=-0.548和-0.496,均P＜0.01)。脐动脉血pH值＞7.2,7.00~7.20,＜7.00相应的脏器损伤发生率分别为36.4％,60.0％及83.3％,脏器损伤的发生率随脐动脉血pH值的降低而升高（P＜0.05）, 两者呈负相关(r=-0.578,P＜0.05)。结论：①脐动脉血pH值和Apgar评分具有相关性,可作为诊断新生儿窒息的敏感指标之一,与Apgar评分相互补充。②脐动脉血pH值对于诊断新生儿窒息,判断病情轻重及预后评估具有重要临床意义。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（7）：521-524］     

脐动脉血气指标诊断新生儿窒息的多中心临床研究

目的 统计新生儿脐动脉血气的正常范围,重点研究临床上诊断新生儿窒息的脐动脉血气指标,为诊断本病增加循证医学依据.方法 组织5省6家医院从2008年3月至2009年9月前瞻性连续纳入单胎、足月、体重适于或大于胎龄新生儿共17 978例,统计其中17 645例Apgar 1 min评分≥8分者的脐动脉血气的正常范围;研究脐动脉血pH、BE与高危因素、Apgar评分、脏器损伤的相关性;拟诊窒息的标准:兼备①有导致窒息的高危因素,②1 min Apgar评分≤7分(须含呼吸抑制),③至少1个脏器受损,④排除引起低Apgar评分的其他情况和疾病.重点研究低Apgar评分儿中窒息组和非窒息组脐动脉血pH值(按Eisenberg公式进行临床校正)、BE值的分布特点以及不同pH、BE阈值选点的敏感性和特异性,探索诊断新生儿窒息的脐动脉血气指标.结果 17 978例单胎、足月、体重适于或大于胎龄新生儿中,17 645例Apgar 1 min评分≥8分者的脐动脉血pH值和BE值的统计学正常范围分别为7.20±0.20((-x)±1.96s)和-7.64±10.02((-x)±1.96s).pH与BE呈正相关(r=0.734,P<0.01).脐动脉血pH、BE与Apgar评分呈正相关,1 min0～3分、4～7分、8～10分3组的pH、BE均值±标准差比较,F分别=253.36、160.79,P均<0.001;脐动脉血pH、BE与脏器损伤呈负相关(r均=1,P均=0.000).333例低Apgar评分儿中,窒息组(163例)脐动脉血pH校正值和BE值分别为7.011±0.09((-x)±s)和-14.98±2.99((-x)±s)明显低于非窒息组(170例)的相应值7.18±0.07((-x)±s)和-8.56±4.68((-x)±s),t分别为15.12、10.18,P均<0.001;窒息患儿的脐动脉血pH校正值分布范围为<7.00～<7.20,BE分布范围为<-10～<-18;在窒息组pH和BE值的分布范围中,并无一个敏感性和特异性均强的固定点.结论 新生儿脐动脉血pH值和BE值的统计学正常范围参考值分别为7.20±0.20((-x)±1.96s)和-7.64±10.02((-x)±1.96s).由于个体差异和血气检测值用于评估窒息时需经过临床校正,统计学的正常范围低限值并不完全等同于临床病理学的阈值.新生儿窒息的pH或BE病理学阈值不是一个固定点而是一个范围.新生儿窒息的脐动脉血pH临床校正值分布范围为<7.00～<7.20,BE分布范围为<-10～<-18,在具备其他4项指标的情况下,诊断新生儿窒息的血气指标似可在上述范围内灵活掌握.     

新生儿脐血血气分析与围产因素及Apgar评分的相关研究

本文探讨脐血血气分析与围产因素及Apgar评分的相关性,为预测和诊断新生儿窒息及减低围产窒息的发生提供重要依据和帮助,对102例新生儿出生后立即采集脐静脉血进行血气分析,据其有无围产因素影响分为两组进行对照,并结合Apgar评分进行分析。结果显示在围产因素组60例中,Apgar评分≤7分者7例,占11.67％;对照组42例中,Apgar评分≤7分者2例,占4.76％。二者比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。在脐血pH值>7.10时,两组新生儿窒息发生率分别为5.56％及4.76％,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。脐血pH值<7.10者,有围产因素组6例,占10％,且其中4例Apgar评分≤7分;对照组脐血pH值<7.10者为0,二者有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结果提示,围产因素与新生儿窒息密切相关,并对脐血pH值的影响显著。当脐血pH值<7.10时,新生儿窒息发生率为66.67％。脐血血气分析与Apgar评分互补,可作为诊断新生儿窒息的重要指标。     

新生儿窒息综合评分法的临床研究

探讨新生儿窒息的评分方法，为新生儿窒息的诊断提供可靠依据。方法随机选择100例正常儿和138例窒息儿作为研究对象。在Apgar评分基础上，经反复筛选提出9项参数作为新生儿窒息综合评分的指标。结果新生儿窒息综合评分的指标分别为呼吸（R）、心率（HR）、肤色（SC）、血氧饱和度（SAT）、血氧分压（PaCO2）．二氧化碳分压（PaO2）、脐血pH值（UB－pH）．无创血压（N－BP）及胎儿监护（CTG）等。初评方案Ⅰ由R、P、SC、SAT、CTG和UB－pH组成，初评方案Ⅱ由R、P、SC、CTG、PaO2和PaCO2组成．复评方案由pH、PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、N－BP和Silverman呼吸评分组成。Apgar评分正常的新生儿采用初评方案Ⅰ、Ⅱ评价，分别有5％、8％的新生儿存在轻度窒息。Apgar评分属于窒息者，采用初评方案Ⅰ、Ⅱ评分均正常者4例，初评方案Ⅰ为正常者6例，初评方案Ⅱ为正常者8例。结论采用Apgar评分诊断新生儿窒息存在假阳性和假阴性。采用初评方案Ⅰ诊断新生儿窒息具有简便、快速、准确、重复性好等优点。     

新生儿脐血血气分析与围产因素及Apgar评分的相关研究

本文探讨脐血血气分析与围产因素及Apgar评分的相关性,为预测和诊断新生儿窒息及减低围产窒息的发生提供重要依据和帮助,对102例新生儿出生后立即采集脐静脉血进行血气分析,据其有无围产因素影响分为两组进行对照,并结合Apgar评分进行分析.结果显示在围产因素组60例中,Apgar评分≤7分者7例,占11.67%;对照组42例中,Apgar评分≤7分者2例,占4.76%.二者比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01).在脐血pH值＞7.10时,两组新生儿窒息发生率分别为5.56%及4.76%,无显著性差异(P＞0.05).脐血pH值＜7.10者,有围产因素组6例,占10%,且其中4例Apgar评分≤7分;对照组脐血pH值＜7.10者为0,二者有显著性差异(P＜0.01).结果提示,围产因素与新生儿窒息密切相关,并对脐血pH值的影响显著.当脐血pH值＜7.10时,新生儿窒息发生率为66.67%.脐血血气分析与Apgar评分互补,可作为诊断新生儿窒息的重要指标.     

新生儿窒息血气和电解质变化的临床分析

目的分析新生儿窒息时血气及电解质变化。方法49例窒息新生儿根据Apgar评分分为轻度窒息组(n=20)和重度窒息组(n=29)。采用美国855血气分析仪测定动脉血血气和电解质变化。结果重度窒息组的血pH值、BE值、PaCO2均明显低于轻度窒息组,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01)。窒息新生儿血清K 、Na 均低于正常水平,但轻、重度窒息组间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。重度窒息患儿血清Cl-、Ca2 均明显低于轻度窒息者,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01)。结论新生儿窒息时血气变化以混合性酸碱失衡为主,重度窒息时血清Cl-、Ca2 明显降低,及时监测血气及电解质变化,有助于了解病情变化,指导治疗。     

脐血血气分析评价围生期窒息及新生儿预后的相关研究

目的通过分析脐动脉血血气与胎儿宫内窘迫、Apgar评分及新生儿窒息后并发症等因素之间的相关关系,探索脐血血气在评价围生期窒息及新生儿窒息预后中的作用。方法对2 281例新生儿生后即采集脐动脉血进行血气分析,同时将脐血pH值与出生后Apgar评分、宫内窘迫及窒息后并发症等相关因素进行对比分析。结果出生后Apgar评分与脐血pH值相关性强,评分越低,脐血pH值也越低。胎儿宫内窘迫与Apgar评分无显著相关,但与脐血pH值关系密切。低Apgar评分新生儿,如果脐血pH<7.20,尤其是pH<7.00,容易发生窒息后并发症。结论脐血血气分析比Apgar评分更客观、更直接地反映胎儿缺血、缺氧程度,并有助于判断新生儿预后。对有宫内窘迫征象及出生低Ap-gar评分的新生儿应常规做脐血血气分析。     

新生儿呼吸支持中呼气末二氧化碳分压的监测意义

目的比较无创面罩、经鼻导管及有创机械通气三种方法监测的新生儿呼气末二氧化碳分压(end tidal carbon dioxide pressure,PetCO₂)及其与动脉血二氧化碳分压(arterial carbon dioxide pressure,PaCO₂)的相关性。方法选取2017年10月至2020年1月在我院新生儿科住院期间需呼吸支持治疗的患儿53例,分别监测患儿入院时、呼吸支持时及病情好转撤机后的PetCO₂,包括经鼻导管、无创面罩及有创通气时三种方式监测PetCO₂,并同时配对分析相应患儿动脉血血气分析中的PaCO₂。结果(1)无创面罩监测的PetCO₂低于PaCO₂[(40.41±10.21)mmHg比(42.85±10.32)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),t=11.88,P<0.01],两者之间呈显著的正相关性(r=0.97,P<0.01);无创面罩监测的PetCO₂偏倚平均值是(1.20±2.31)mmHg,仅4.5%(5/110)在95%CI以外。(2)经鼻导管监测的PetCO₂也低于PaCO₂均值[(40.93±10.55)mmHg比(42.01±10.50)mmHg,t=4.12,P<0.01],两者之间呈显著的正相关性(r=0.96,P<0.01);经鼻导管监测的PetCO₂偏倚平均值是(2.44±2.56)mmHg,仅4.6%(7/150)在95%CI以外。(3)气管插管机械通气患儿的PetCO₂同样低于PaCO₂[(43.33±10.26)mmHg比(49.37±11.34)mmHg,t=13.83,P<0.01],两者之间同样呈显著的正相关性,相关性较无创通气患儿偏低(r=0.94,P<0.01);有创正压通气患儿的PetCO₂偏倚平均值是(0.90±0.82)mmHg,仅3.9%(2/51)在95%CI以外。(4)按胎龄分组,早期早产儿和晚期早产儿的PetCO₂分别为(37.25±11.32)mmHg和(39.58±10.37)mmHg,均低于足月儿PetCO₂[(42.69±10.66)mmHg],三组患儿的PetCO₂与PaCO₂均呈正相关;早期早产儿的PetCO₂与PaCO₂相关性为三组中最低(r=0.89,P<0.01)。结论经鼻导管、无创面罩及有创通气时监测PetCO₂均与患儿的PaCO₂有较好的相关性和一致性,能较准确地反映患儿PaCO₂水平,其中无创通气患儿PetCO₂和PaCO₂的相关性优于有创通气患儿;晚期早产儿和足月儿的PetCO₂与PaCO₂相关性优于早期早产儿。     

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??Abstract??Objective??To investigate the value of blood gas analysis in evaluating intracranial hemorrhage ??ICH?? of term neonates after hypoxia. Methods??A total of 274 full-term neonates with perinatal hypoxia or distress admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital?? Sun Yat-Sen University?? between January 2006 and January 2009?? were studied. Blood gas analysis of umbilical artery at birth and radial artery at 1 hour after birth were detected. Clinical manifestations of nervous system impairment were observed during hospital stay and cranial CT or MRI was checked within 7 days after birth to estimate ICH. Results??Totally 61 cases had ICH. ROC curve analysis showed umbilical blood pH?? BE?? umbilical and 1 hour postnatal pCO2 difference were valuable index to estimate ICH. Groups divided by umbilical or 1 hour postnatal pH?? difference of ICH incidence among groups has statistical significance ??χ2 = 17.364 and 5.314??P < 0.001 and ?? 0.023??. Difference of ICH incidence among groups divided by umbilical and 1 hour postnatal pH had statistical significance ??χ2 = 12.948?? P < 0.001??. Analysis after reject 71 forceps delivery cases?? groups divided by umbilical blood pH?? difference of ICH incidence among groups had statistical significance ??χ2 = 11.844??P = 0.003??. Groups divided by 1 hour postnatal pH?? difference of ICH incidence among groups had no statistical significance ??χ2 = 0.904??P = 0.43??. Difference of ICH incidence among groups divided by umbilical and 1 hour postnatal pH had statistical significance ??χ2 = 14.258??P = 0.003??. Conclusion??Umbilical cord combined with artery blood gas analysis after birth could be predictive of ICH in term infants after hypoxia.     

无创高频与加温湿化高流量鼻导管通气在早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征序贯撤机的临床应用

目的:探讨经鼻无创高频振荡通气(noninvasive high frequency oscillatory ventilation,nHFOV)与加温湿化高流量鼻导管通气(heated humidified high flow nasal cannula,HHHFNC)在极低出生体重早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征(respiratory distress syndrome,RDS)序贯撤机的临床应用。方法:将2017年5月至2020年1月收住徐州市中心医院新生儿重症监护病房(neonatal intensive care unit,NICU)已接受气管插管有创通气治疗,准备撤机改为无创通气的88例RDS极低出生体重儿纳入研究。RDS患儿均常规给予枸橼酸咖啡因治疗,采用随机数字表法,将患儿分为nHFOV/HHHFNC组45例,采用有创通气撤机后予nHFOV,nHFOV撤离后给予HHHFNC过渡;经鼻持续气道正压通气(nasal continuous positive airway pressure,nCPAP)/头罩吸氧组43例,采用有创通气撤机后予nCPAP,nCPAP撤离后给予头罩吸氧过渡。观察2组有创通气撤机后动脉血气分析指标、撤机效果及并发症发生率。结果:(1)2组性别、胎龄、出生体重、生后1 min及5min Apgar评分、分娩24 h前使用糖皮质激素比例、使用肺表面活性物质比例、有创通气时间以及RDS分级情况比较,差异均无统计学意义( P>0.05)。(2)nHFOV/HHHFNC组有创通气撤机后1 h、24 h PaO₂、PaCO₂以及氧合指数(OI,OI=100×MAP×FiO₂/PaO₂)与nCPAP/头罩吸氧组比较,差异均有统计学意义( P<0.05);nHFOV/HHHFNC组与nCPAP/头罩吸氧组有创通气撤机72 h内失败率[9%(4/45)比26%(11/43)]、频繁呼吸暂停发生率[7%(3/45)比23%(10/43)]、nHFOV与nCPAP无创通气撤离失败率[4%(2/45)比21%(9/43)]、用氧时间[12.02(9.08-12.31)d比14.44(11.32-13.26)d]及鼻损伤发生率[4%(2/45)比26%(11/43)]比较,差异均有统计学意义( P<0.05)。(3)2组首次nHFOV与nCPAP无创通气时间差异无统计学意义( P>0.05);2组肺气漏、坏死性小肠结肠炎、Ⅲ-Ⅳ级脑室内出血、视网膜病变(≥Ⅱ期)、支气管肺发育不良发生率及病死率比较,差异均无统计学意义( P>0.05)。 结论:nHFOV/HHHFNC用于极低出生体重早产儿RDS序贯撤机,较nCPAP/头罩吸氧,能改善氧合,减少CO₂潴留,提高撤机成功率,减少呼吸暂停及鼻损伤的发生。     

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目的探讨新生儿常见肺部疾病支气管肺泡灌洗液肺表面活性蛋白A(BALSPA)水平及其与临床的关系。方法收集2000年1月至2003年2月在广州市儿童医院新生儿重症监护室住院的需行机械通气治疗的新生儿重症肺炎、胎粪吸入综合征(MAS)、急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)以及新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)患儿共57例。测定其BALSPA水平,监测血气、PaO2/FiO2水平。结果重症肺炎组与MAS组患儿BALSPA水平无明显差异,但MAS组患儿PaO2、PaCO2及PaO2/FiO2水平较重症肺炎组明显降低(P值<0.01,<0.05,<0.05);ARDS及RDS组患儿BALSPA水平均较上述两组低(P值均<0.001),而RDS组患儿BALSPA水平较ARDS组低(P<0.001),但ARDS组患儿PaO2水平较RDS组患儿低(P<0.05)。PS治疗组患儿的病死率较非PS治疗组明显降低(P=0.049),其PaO2/FiO2与BALSPA水平密切相关(r=0.741,P=0.000)。结论与重症肺炎患儿比较胎粪吸入综合征患儿BALSPA水平无明显降低;ARDS及RDS患儿BALSPA水平明显降低;BALSPA水平能反映新生儿肺损伤的严重程度,对于新生儿肺部疾病预后的判断有一定意义。     

Effects of tidal volume and positive end-expiratory pressure during resuscitation of very premature lambs

Background: Guidelines recommend neonatal resuscitation without controlling tidal volume or positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). However, these may improve gas exchange, lung volume and outcome. Aim: To investigate resuscitation of very premature lambs with a Laerdal bag without PEEP versus volume guarantee ventilation with PEEP. Methods: Anaesthetized lambs (n=20) delivered at 125 d gestation were randomized to three groups receiving 15 min resuscitation: (1) Laerdal bag and no PEEP; (2) ventilation with a tidal volume of 5 ml/kg and 8 cm H₂O PEEP; (3) ventilation with 10 ml/kg and 8 cm H₂O PEEP. They were then all ventilated for 2 h with tidal volumes of 5 or 10 ml/kg, and 8 cm H₂O PEEP. Ventilation parameters and blood gases were recorded. Results: Different tidal volumes affected PaCO₂ within minutes, with 10 ml/kg causing severe hypocarbia. PEEP had little effect on PaCO₂. Oxygenation improved significantly with PEEP of 8 cm H₂O, irrespective of tidal volume.

Conclusion: Very premature lambs can be resuscitated effectively using volume-guarantee ventilation and PEEP. Tidal volumes affected PaCO₂ within minutes but had little effect on oxygenation. PEEP halved the oxygen requirement compared with no PEEP. Resuscitating premature babies with controlled tidal volumes and PEEP might improve their outcome.     

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??Abstract??Objective??To investigate alterations of circulating levels of the inflammatory markers— reflecting brain and adipose tissue inflammation—in the fetal growth restriction??FGR??fetuses and newborns??and explore its possible relation ship with adverse intrauterine development. Methods??Sixty parturients??hospitalized in Shengjing hospital of China Medical University??giving consecutively birth either to 30 appropriate for gestational-age??AGA?? singleton infants ??AGA group ?? or 30 FGR full-term singleton infants ??FGR group????were recruited.Plasm hs-CRP??PAI-1??S100B and leptin levels were determined by enzyme link immune assay??ELISA??in the umbilical cords blood ??UC ?? and venous blood from neonates on postnatal day 1 ??D1?? and day 4??D4??. Results??The birth weight??body length and the body mass index ??BMI?? of the FGR neonates were significantly lower compared with those of AGA group ??P < 0.05??.The leptin levels of UC in the FGR neonates were lower than that in the AGA groups??P < 0.05????and correlated positively with the birth weights and the BMI??P < 0.05??.Plasma hs-CRP levels did not differ significantly at all time points between AGA and FGR groups??P > 0.05??.hs-CRP levels in Umbilical cords blood were significantly decreased when compared with D1 hs-CRP in both AGA and FGR groups ??P < 0.05????and D1 hs-CRP was significantly increasedwhen compared with respective D4 hs-CRP??P < 0.05??.Plasma PAI-1 and S100B levels did not differ significantly at all time points between AGA and FGR groups??P > 0.05????and did not correlated with the birth weights and the BMI. Conclusion??Despite the lower birth weight??BMI and leptin levels in FGRs?? there was no difference for the levels of inflammatory markers hs-CRP and PAI-1 between IUGR and AGA fetuses/neonates.The CRP level in both studied groups fluctuated from fetus to neonate stage might attribute to parturition stress and adaptation recovery.     

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目的分析早产儿支气管肺发育不良(BPD)的发生率和危险因素,探讨防治BPD的措施。方法回顾性分析中山大学第一附属医院新生儿科1999年6月至2004年6月期间胎龄≤32周且出生体重≤2000g,存活时间>28d的早产儿72例,比较机械通气治疗中15例BPD(BPD组)和31例非BPD(对照组)患儿性别、胎龄、出生体重、生前使用糖皮质激素、生后使用肺表面活性物质、肺透明膜病、机械通气时间、呼吸支持条件、胃食管反流、动脉导管未闭、生后早期液体摄取量、反复肺部感染情况。结果早产儿BPD的总发生率为20.83%(15/72),其中<1500g早产儿BPD的发生率为38.71%(12/31);BPD组FiO2、PIP、PEEP和MAP与对照组差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);多因素Logistic回归显示,胎龄<30周、体重<1250g、机械通气≥10d和反复肺部感染是发生BPD的独立危险因素(P<0.05),而性别、生前使用糖皮质激素、生后使用肺表面活性物质、肺透明膜病、胃食管反流、动脉导管未闭、生后早期液体摄取量没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论避免低体重早产、长时间机械通气和有效控制肺部感染是防治BPD的关键。     

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??Objective??To explore whether late-onset sepsis??LOS?? is associated with an increased risk of encephalopathy of prematurity in preterm infants with gestational age??32 weeks. Methods??Four hundred preterm infants with gestational age??32 weeks who were admitted to our hospital from January 1st??2013 to December 31st??2014 underwent magnetic resonance imaging at term-equivalent age. All the perinatal data were collected prospectively. The infants were divided into different groups based on different type of sepsis. Results??Of 400 preterm infants??79??19.8%?? had LOS??of whom 45??11.3%?? were positive in blood culture. Coagulase-negative staphylococci was the commonest pathogen of postnatal infection??33.3%??. According to the result of magnetic resonance imaging??133??28.2%?? preterm infants had encephalopathy of prematurity. Compared with non-sepsis group??infants in LOS group had significantly higher risk to have encephalopathy of prematurity??36.7% vs. 26.2%??OR??1.759??95% CI??1.033??2.997??P??0.038??. Conclusion??Preterm infants with LOS have greater risks of developing encephalopathy of prematurity??which indicates that LOS might be a risk factor of encephalopathy of prematurity.     

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目的 探讨重组人类基因促红细胞生成素(rhu-EPO)的应用对早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的影响.方法 对2005年3月至2008年6月期间收住福建医科大学附属漳州市医院新生儿科的早产儿(体重≤1500 g)病例资料进行分析,应用rhu-EPO治疗的94例为治疗组,未应用rhu-EPO的65例为对照组,生后6周或纠正胎龄35周时行眼底检查,根据ROP国际分期标准进行ROP诊断和分期,同时对多种相关因素进行统计分析.结果 治疗组严重ROP的患病率高于对照组(P<0.05);单因素分析显示rhu-EPO治疗≥10剂,发生严重ROP的风险高于rhu-EPO治疗剂数<10剂(r=6.429,P<0.001),开始治疗时间≥14 d发生严重ROP风险明显高于<14d(r=46.000,P<0.001);多因素Logistic分析显示rhu-EPO治疗剂数≥10剂发生严重ROP风险高(r=9.348,P<0.001).结论 应用rhu-EPO是早产儿ROP的一个独立危险因素.     

Whole blood ionized magnesium in neonatal acidosis and preterm infants: a prospective consecutive study

The mineral magnesium is a crucial enzymatic cofactor in the cellular bioenergetic process and alternations in magnesium metabolism may be associated with neurological impairment in newborn infants. Therefore, ionized magnesium (IMg) was measured in 14 newborn infants with acidosis [umbilical arterial cord pH 7.00 +/- 0.06, Apgar score 8.3 +/- 1.6 after 5 min, gestational age (GA) 276 +/- 16 d] and 15 premature infants (umbilical arterial cord pH 7.31 +/- 0.07, GA 236 +/- 12 d). Nineteen healthy mature infants served as controls. Arterial umbilical cord samples were taken immediately after delivery and capillary blood samples were taken 2, 6, 12 and 24 h after delivery by heel stick. IMg was measured by NOVA 8. The results showed an increased umbilical cord blood IMg in infants with acidosis compared with both premature and normal infants (0.58 +/- 0.08 mmol l(-1) vs 0.51 +/- 0.03 mmol l(-1) and 0.49 +/- 0.03 mmol l(-1); p < 0.0001). In infants with acidosis IMg declined significantly 2 h after delivery to 0.49 +/- 0.05 mmol l(-1) (p < 0.0001) and did not show any further significant changes during the first day of life. In premature infants and controls IMg levels were constant during the observation period. Conclusion: These findings suggest that elevated IMg is associated with neonatal acidosis.