过敏性紫癜患者血浆GMP－140、cAMP、cGMP、IgG和IgA水平的研究

采用放射免疫法（ＧＭＰ－１４０用单位点免疫放射法）测定过敏性紫癜患者治疗前（ｎ＝２１）后（ｎ＝１９）血浆α－颗粒膜蛋白（ＧＭＰ－１４０）、环磷酸腺苷（ｃＡＭＰ）、环磷酸鸟苷（ｃＧＭＰ）、免疫球蛋白Ｇ和Ａ（ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ）含量，以３１例健康人作对照．结果，患者与对照比较，血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０（７５４±１６８分子数／血小板，Ｔ＝２．２９５，Ｐ＜０．０５），ｃＡＭＰ（１９．８９±７．９２对１４．２６±５．６３ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｔ＝２．９９９，Ｐ＜０．０１），ｃＧＭＰ（４．８７±２．６２对３．４１±１．６９ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｔ＝２．４４６，Ｐ＜０．０５），ＩｇＧ（１５．７５±５．５４对１１．４５±４．８６ｇ／Ｌ，Ｔ＝２．９５８，Ｐ＜０．０１）和ＩｇＡ（１．６８±０．８７对１．１６±０．５２ｇ／Ｌ，Ｔ＝２．６９８，Ｐ＜０．０１），且ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ水平升高呈正相关（ｒ＝０．４６９，Ｐ＜０．０５）。过敏性紫癜患者临床治愈后上述物质血浆含量下降，与对照比较无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）．提示过敏性紫癜患者血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０、ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ、ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＡ可明显升高，临床治愈后恢复正常。     

巨细胞病毒感染与可溶性白细胞介素2受体的关系

应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）对１０４例育龄妇女的血清进行了巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ抗体的检测，同时用ＥＬＩＳＡ双抗体夹心法测定了不同感染状态下血清中可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）的水平，并将ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平与未感染ＨＣＭＶ的正常育龄妇女进行了比较。结果，育龄妇女中抗－ＨＣＭＶＩｇＧ的阳性率为８９．４％，ＩｇＭ的阳性率为９．６％，感染ＨＣＭＶ的妇女血清中ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平均大于未感染的对照组（１７８．１±５７．３Ｕ／ｍｌ），Ｐ＜０．０５，其中ＩｇＭ阳性者和ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＧ同时阳性者血清中ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平最高，分别为９１０±４６５．６Ｕ／ｍｌ和９０５±３４７．８Ｕ／ｍｌ，两者间的差异无显著性意义（Ｐ＞０．０５），但均大于仅抗－ＨＣＭＶＩｇＧ阳性者（４４６．８±１５８．９Ｕ／ｍｌ），Ｐ均＜０．０５。表明，ＨＣＭＶ感染可致ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平升高，并且活动性感染者上升明显。提示：ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ可能参与了ＨＣＭＶ的免疫致病机制。     

SRBC膜提取物对猪PBMNC第二信使的影响

胰酶水解绵羊红细胞（ＳＲＢＣ）释放膜表面活性蛋白组分Ⅲ（ＴＲＦ－Ⅲ），单独作用可使猪外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＮＣ）胞内ｃＡＭＰ水平升高，以１００μｇ／ｍｌ浓度刺激达最高峰，由对照组０．９４±０．１４ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ升高到２．７５±０．２５ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。如果ＰＢＭＮＣ事先与腺苷酸环化酶（ＡＣａｓｅ）抑制剂ＬｉC１孵育后再以ＴＲＦ－Ⅲ或ＰＡＨ刺激。ｃＡＭＰ增高受到抑制（Ｐ＜０．０１）；而ＥＤＴＡ－２Ｎａ（一种磷酸二酯酶ＰＤＥ抑制剂）对此ｃＡＭＰ升高无影响。结果提示，此ｃＡＭＰ升高主要是通过活化ＡＣａｓｅ水解ＡＴＰ生成ｃＡＭＰ，而不像是抑制ＰＤＥ减少ｃＡＭＰ降解引起的。ＴＲＦ－Ⅲ诱导猪ＰＢＭＮＣ胞内Ｃａ~(２＋)浓度升高，以１００μｇ／ｍｌ刺激２分钟升高最多，由对照组的２４２±７ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ升高到３２３±１５ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。以ＥＧ－ＴＡ除去胞外Ｃａ~(２＋)再以ＴＲＦ－Ⅲ或ＰＡＨ刺激，仅观察到小范围［Ｃａ~(２＋)］ｉ升高。看来这一过程包括了刺激胞内Ｃａ~(２＋)释放和胞外Ｃａ~(２＋)内流两种方式。以上结果证明，ＴＲＦ－Ⅲ对淋巴细胞功能影响与细胞内第二信使有关。     

人免疫球蛋白G的原子力显微镜观察

应用原子力显微镜（ＡｔｏｍｉｃｆｏｒｃｅｍｉｃｒｏｓｓｃｏｐｅＡＦＭ）观察不同浓度人ＩｇＧ样品，当ＩｇＧ浓度为２０μｇ／ｍｌ时，ＩｇＧ分子不易在基底表面分散，大部分ＩｇＧ聚集而形成多聚体，当浓度为０．２５μｇ／ｍｌ或０．１μｇ／ｍｌ时，ＩｇＧ分子基本上能较好的分散，可见ＩｇＧ呈“三个球形”结构。当浓度为０．０２μｇ／ｍｌ时，可看到单个ＩｇＧ分子的球形结构，大小为１６．５５～１８．５ｎｍ。     

两种人化SCID小鼠的建立及其免疫应答性

将人外周血淋巴细胞（ＰＢＬ）和腹腔淋巴结淋巴细胞（ＰＬＮＬ）移植入严重联合免疫缺陷疾病（ＳｅｖｅｒｅＣｏｍｂｉｎｅｄＩｍｍｕｎｏｄｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｔＤｉｓｅａｓｅ，ＳＣＩＤ）小鼠腹腔，建立人化ＳＣＩＤ小鼠（即ＳＣＩＤ－ｈＰＢＬ，ＳＣＩＤ－ｈＰＬＮＬ）。两个月后，两种人化小鼠体内淋巴器官都可以检测到人Ｔ、Ｂ淋巴细胞分布；小鼠血清人源性ＩｇＧ和抗ＥＢ病毒壳抗原ＩｇＧ抗体水平（ＩｇＧ／ＶＣＡ）比较显示，用Ｂ９５８死细胞作为ＶＣＡ来源所诱导的实验组１０只小鼠，ＩｇＧ／ＶＣＡ阳性率为７０％（７／１０），对照组为１７％（２／１２）。１４只ＳＣＩＤ－ｈＰＬＮＬ小鼠血清内人ＩｇＧ／ＶＣＡ的几何平均滴度（ＧＭＴ）和血清ＩｇＧ浓度在１∶１０８和９６．２±５６．４μｇ／Ｌ；在另８只ＳＣＩＤ－ｈＰＢＬ中为１∶７．９和１３．８４±６．０μｇ／Ｌ。实验提示，ＳＣＩＤ－ｈＰＬＮＬ小鼠较ＳＣＩＤ－ｈＰＢＬ小鼠更适合于人源性特异ＩｇＧ的诱导。     

输精管结扎4月大鼠血清与前列腺组织的前列腺酸性磷酸酶活力变化

成年Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠２０只，随机分为输精管结扎组（ＶＧ）和假手术组（ＳＯＧ）。术后第４个月检测了前列腺酸性磷酸酶（ＰＡＰ）等代表前列腺功能与肿瘤标志的酶学指标。结果表明，（１）血清ＰＡＰ活力，ＶＧ为４．９６±３．４Ｕ／ｍｌ，ＳＯＧ为５．６３±１．６９Ｕ／ｍｌ，两组无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；ＶＧ前列腺组织ＰＡＰ活力（１８．００±８．８１Ｕ／ｇ）略高于ＳＯＧ的（１５．０４±１１．９０Ｕ／ｇ），但无显著性。Ｐ／Ｔ百分比值ＶＧ为６５．０２±２５．３６％，ＳＯＧ为６８．６５±１１．６５％，Ｐ大于０．０５。（２）血清与前列腺组织碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）与磷酸肌酸激酶（ＣＫ）活力，两组均无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

内毒素诱导血小板纤维蛋白原受体显露和磷脂酰肌醇代谢

本文测定了体外纤维蛋白原与人血小板纤维蛋白原受体的结合，研究内毒素对纤维蛋白原受体显露的影响。实验观察到内毒素可以使纤维蛋白原与血小板的结合显著增加，５００μｇ／ｍｌ内毒素使血小板结合的￣（１２５）Ⅰ－纤维蛋白原从对照的５．２±３．５ｎｇ／１０￣８ｃｅｌｌｓ增高为１９．１±６．５ｎｇ／１０￣８ｃｅｌｌｓ（Ｐ＜０．０１，ｎ＝４），表明内毒素可诱导血小板纤维蛋白原受体显露。用Ｓｃａｔｃｈａｒｄ作图法求得Ｋｄ＝２．０５×１０￣－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｂｍａｘ＝９６３纤维蛋白原分子／血小板。内毒素能够诱导血小板生成ＰＡ。５００μｇ／ｍｌ内毒素作用９０秒可使ＰＡ增高为对照的１７６±２２％（Ｐ＜０．０５，ｎ＝６）。ＰＡ升高迅速，９０秒时达到高峰，提示ＰＩＰ＿２的分解。上述结果提示内毒素可以直接激活血小板，显露纤维蛋白原受体，可能是通过诱导ＰＩＰ＿２分解，产生三磷酸肌醇（ＩＰ＿３）和甘油二酯（ＤＧ），进而使受体的构型发生改变，显露受体活性。     

抗人胎盘层粘连蛋白P1单克隆抗体的制备与初步应用

在纯化人胎盘层粘连蛋白Ｐ１段（简称Ｐ１）的基础上，应用杂交瘤技术获得两株抗Ｐ１的单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）３Ａ１５和１Ｂ５。两株ＭｃＡｂ均属ＩｇＧ１，同人纤维连接蛋白和Ⅳ型胶原无交叉反应。纯化的腹水ＭｃＡｂ效价分别为６．４×１０－７（３Ａ１５）和２×１０－８（１Ｂ５），分别识别Ｐ１分子上的不同表位。利用ＭｃＡｈ３Ａ１５和１Ｂ５建立了双ＭｃＡｂ夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ，用于检测Ｐ１的下限为１０ｎｇ／ｍｌ，标准曲线在１０～５００ｎｇ／ｍｌ之间呈直线关系。对１００例健康献血员、１８例慢性肝炎患者和１２例肝硬化患者血清Ｐ１的检查结果分别为３３．８±１１．６、６７．３±３１．７和１０７．５±５８．４ｎｇ／ｍｌ。     

可溶性白介素2受体测定对结核性胸腹水鉴别诊断的价值

用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检测结核性和非结核性（癌性及漏出液）胸水及血清中的可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）。结果显示：结核组ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平明显增高（２４６４±１００１Ｕ／ｍｌ），与癌性胸腹水组（７５２±４１８Ｕ／ｍｌ）及漏出液组（４１０±３１５Ｕ／ｍｌ）比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）。与胸水中腺苷脱氨酶活性（ＡＤＡ）呈正相关（ｒ＝０．６８８，Ｐ＜０．００１）。敏感性及特异性均为９０％以上。提示用本法检测胸腹水的ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ对于结核性胸腹水的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要意义。     

我国青年螨性过敏的调查

对全国２７个行政区入学新生１５０８人、年龄１８～３０岁，男性８０２人，女性７０６人，进行螨性过敏调查。４．４４％（６７人）有不同过敏史，与螨有关的哮喘０．４％、鼻炎１．３３％、１４．１９％（２１４人）具粉尘螨皮肤挑刺试验（ＳＰＴ）反应，男女间无显著性差别，但地区上ＳＰＴ反应率出现由北向南上升的趋势；有过敏史织ＳＰＴ反应率极其显著的高于无过敏史组（Ｐ＜０．００１）。血清总ＩｇＥ（ｔＩｇＥ）的测定平均值４９．７６ＩＵ／ｍｌ（０．３２～２．７６×１０＿（２２）ＩＵ／ｍｌ），男性６４．２５ＩＵ／ｍｌ，女性３７．２２ＩＵ／ｍｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；有ＳＰＴ反应人群的ｔＩｇＥ值７０．２３ＩＵ／ｍｌ，无ＳＴＰ反应人群的ｔＩｇＥ值４７．００ＩＵ／ｍｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；不同ＳＰＴ反应强度组的ｔＩｇＥ值以及个同地区的青年ｔＩｇＥ值都无显著性差别（Ｐ＞０．０５）。粉尘螨特异性ＩｇＥ（ｓＩｇＥ）的测定阳性者４８６人（３２．２３％）。其中８７人具有ＳＰＴ反应，阴性１０２２人中仅１２７人具有ＳＰＴ反应（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ｓＩｇＥ阳性人群的ｔＩｇＥ为８７．０６ＩＵ／ｍｌ。ｓｌｇＥ阴性人群的ｔＩｇＥ值３８．１４ＩＵ／ｍｌ（Ｐ＜０．００１）。在ｓ     

Development in in vitro toxicology

There are three principal pressures driving the development of in vitro toxicology: (1) the need for more efficient testing systems to cope with the large number of xenobiotics currently being developed; (2) public pressure to reduce animal experimentation; and (3) a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Within this, in vitro toxicology is focused on local, systemic, and target-organ toxicity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that a step or decision-tree approach using input of a variety of experimental data (physicochemical properties, biokinetics, cytotoxicity) provides the most efficient system for predicting toxicity. Examples of the use of in vitro toxicity systems for prediction of systemic toxicity and target-organ (liver) toxicity are presented.Originally presented at ECCP 93.     

Seasonal variations in acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Slovenia

Between December 1999 and December 2004, 40 081 pregnant women were examined for toxoplasmosis with Toxo-IgG, Toxo-IgM enzyme immunoassay. Women with positive results were then retested with the Toxo-IgG avidity assay for recent toxoplasmosis. Recent acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant women was found to be significantly more frequent (p < 0.01) during winter than summer. The incidence of acute toxoplasmosis during winter-spring was also significantly more frequent (p < 0.025) than summer-autumn. This phenomenon should be taken into account when formulating preventive measures for toxoplasmosis, especially for pregnant women.     

Age-related changes in polyamines in memory-associated brain structures in rats

Polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine are positively charged aliphatic amines and have important roles in maintaining normal cellular function, regulating neurotransmitter receptors and modulating learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests a role of putrescine in hippocampal neurogenesis, that is significantly impaired during aging. The present study measured the polyamine levels in memory-related brain structures in 24- (aged), 12- (middle-aged) and 4- (young) month-old rats using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. In the hippocampus, the putrescine levels were significantly decreased in the CA1 and dentate gyrus, and increased in the CA2/3 with age. Significant age-related increases in the spermidine levels were found in the CA1 and CA2/3. There was no difference between groups in spermine in any sub-regions examined. In the parahippocampal region, increased putrescine level with age was observed in the entorhinal cortex, and age did not alter the spermidine levels. The spermine level was significantly decreased in the perirhinal cortex and increased in the postrhinal cortex with age. In the prefrontal cortex, there was age-related decrease in putrescine, and the spermidine and spermine levels were significantly increased with age. This study, for the first time, demonstrates age-related region-specific changes in polyamines in memory-associated structures, suggesting that polyamine system dysfunction may potentially contribute to aged-related impairments in hippocampal neurogenesis and learning and memory.     

休克过程中肾上腺髓质素变化的研究进展

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a new peptidergic regulator of vascular function. AM serves as a hormone, which has many biological properties, plays an important role in the many pathophysiological processes, especially shock. This review will highlight the structure, biological properties of AM and the relationship between AM and shock.     

Secular change in menarche in women in Madrid

The age at menarche was estimated by recollection in 1617 women between the ages of 18 and 60 in Madrid and a nearby suburb, Pinto. The population of Pinto is working-class and the Madrid group, taken from residential neighbourhoods , belongs to the upper middle class. In both groups we found a diminution in average age at menarche, from 14.04 to 13.02 years in Madrid and from 14.55 to 13.16 years from about 1935 to about 1965 in Pinto. These changes have been more intense in the group which is less well-off economically, where living conditions have varied much more drastically.     

Uteroglobin in the developing rabbit conceptus in vivo and in vitro

Summary Uteroglobin (UGL) was measured in day- 4 to day-10 rabbit conceptuses by a competitive ELISA. Levels in blastocyst fluid, tissues, coverings and in the early fetus were determined separately. The total amount of UGL increased from 18.4 ng to 6.8 g per conceptus. The UGL content of individual day-6 blastocysts was studied in vitro. Culturing was carried out up to 60 h in Ham's F10 medium with polyvinylpyrrolidone as macromolecular component, with and without progesterone, and with progesterone plus estradiol. UGL was determined in the blastocyst fluids, tissues with coverings and in the culture media. After labelling with [³⁵S]-methionine, protein patterns of total blastocysts and of culture media were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The morphology of cultured blastocysts was examined by electron microscopy. During 60 h of culture, the blastocysts expanded in diameter by 84%, and released 19% of their initial UGL content into the medium, independent of the hormonal substitution. Neither de novo synthesis, nor degradation of UGL was found: the protein remained unlabelled in fluorography, and its total quantity was not significantly different from that of non-cultured controls. Trophoblast, endoderm and embryoblast cells showed well preserved cell organelles and intercellular junctions, while the morphological differentiation of the germ layer was inhibited.