去甲肾上腺素对大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞内IP_3、［Ca~（2＋）］_i和Ia抗原表达

本文应用细胞膜放射标记和离子交换层析法测定巨噬细胞（ＭФ）内肌醇－１，４，５－三磷酸（ＩＰ３）、用Ｃａ￣（２＋）指示剂的分光光谱法测定ＭФ内Ｃａ￣（２＋）浓度（［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］）、用ＡＰＡＡＰ桥联酶标法检测ＭФ表面Ｉａ抗原的表达，研究去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）对大鼠腹腔的ＭФ内ＩＰ３、［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］ｉ和ＭФ表面ｌａ抗原表达的影响。结果显示ＮＥ（１０￣（－８）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可显著增高ＭФ中ＩＰ＿３含量（４４２±２２ｃｐｍ／１０￣６ｃｅｌｌｓ，对照组１０２±８ｃｐｍ／１０￣６ｃｅｌｌｓ，Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＮＥ可使ＭФ内［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］ｉ显著增高（３２２±７８ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，对照组９７±１７ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＮＥ可显著增高ＭФ表面Ｉ－Ａ、Ｉ－Ｅ抗原的表达（６４±８％、５８±６％，对照组５０±３％，４４±４％，Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示神经递质ＮＥ促进ＭФ表面Ｉａ抗原表达的作用可能是通过第二信使ＩＰ＿３和Ｃａ￣（２＋）介导的。     

成人肝细胞膜肿瘤坏死因子受体放射配体分析法的建立

利用￣（１２５）Ｉ标记肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ），建立了原代培养成人肝细胞膜ＴＮＦ受体（ｍＴＮＦＲ）的放射配体分析（ＲＢＡ）法。肝细胞浓度在２×１０￣６～１０×１０￣６／ｍｌ范围内，￣（１２５）Ｉ－ＴＮＦ浓度与受体结合量成正比；４℃条件下反应１２０ｍｉｎ或３７℃反应３０ｍｉｎ可达平衡，反应最适ｐＨ为７．０～８．０。竞争抑制试验证明￣（１２５）Ｉ－ＴＮＦ与受体结合特异性良好。当￣（１２５）Ｉ－ＴＮＦ≤２０ｎｇ／ｍｌ时，ＴＮＦＲ结合参数为：Ｋｄ＿０＝０．１３±０．０２ｎｍｏｌ，Ｒ＿０＝１１６０±２３６个结合位点／细胞，当￣（１２５）Ｉ－ＴＮＦ＞２０ｎｇ／ｍｌ时可测得两种ＴＮＦＲ：Ｋｄ＿１＝０．０７±０．０１ｎｍｏｌ，Ｒ＿１＝８９５±１５４个结合位点／细胞和Ｋｄ＿２＝０．１８±０．０３ｎｍｏｌ，Ｒ＿２＝２０４９±４６３个结合位点／细胞。此法快速，稳定性好。     

抗人胎盘层粘连蛋白P1单克隆抗体的制备与初步应用

在纯化人胎盘层粘连蛋白Ｐ１段（简称Ｐ１）的基础上，应用杂交瘤技术获得两株抗Ｐ１的单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）３Ａ１５和１Ｂ５。两株ＭｃＡｂ均属ＩｇＧ１，同人纤维连接蛋白和Ⅳ型胶原无交叉反应。纯化的腹水ＭｃＡｂ效价分别为６．４×１０－７（３Ａ１５）和２×１０－８（１Ｂ５），分别识别Ｐ１分子上的不同表位。利用ＭｃＡｈ３Ａ１５和１Ｂ５建立了双ＭｃＡｂ夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ，用于检测Ｐ１的下限为１０ｎｇ／ｍｌ，标准曲线在１０～５００ｎｇ／ｍｌ之间呈直线关系。对１００例健康献血员、１８例慢性肝炎患者和１２例肝硬化患者血清Ｐ１的检查结果分别为３３．８±１１．６、６７．３±３１．７和１０７．５±５８．４ｎｇ／ｍｌ。     

体内、外血小板活化时血浆11-去氢-血栓烷B2的改变及其意义

目的和方法：用花生四烯酸（ＡＡ）诱导正常人（ｎ＝１２）富血小板血浆（ＰＲＰ）血小板活化。结果：ＡＡ组、消炎痛＋ＡＡ组及对照组血浆１１－去氢－血栓烷Ｂ２（ＤＨ－ＴＸＢ２）浓度分别为：（５１±２５、５．０±２．８及５４±３２）ｎｇ／Ｌ，三组之间无显著差别；但ＡＡ组ＴＸＢ２与Ｐ－选择素浓度均较对照组显著升高（Ｐ＜００１），消炎痛对两者的升高有几乎完全的抑制作用。２０例急性期脑梗塞患者血浆ＤＨ－ＴＸＢ２浓度（１０８～５５０ｎｇ／Ｌ）远高于对照组（１０～９３ｎｇ／Ｌ），无重叠，但两组之间ＴＸＢ２与Ｐ－选择素浓度均有５０％左右重叠。另６例患者服用９００ｍｇ阿司匹林后血浆ＤＨ－ＴＸＢ２下降４３％（Ｐ＜００１），但服药前后ＴＸＢ２及Ｐ选择素浓度无显著改变。结论：ＤＨ－ＴＸＢ２作为ＴＸＢ２的体内主要酶代谢产物，是反映体内血小板活化的一个较好的指标     

血小板活化因子介导肾小球系膜细胞产生活性氧的研究

为探讨血小板活化因子（ＰＡＦ）对肾小球系膜细胞（ＧＭＣ）产生活性氧的调节作用，本研究观察了ＰＡＦ对体外培养的大鼠ＧＭＣ产生超氧化物阴离子（Ｏ）和过氧化氢（Ｈ－２Ｏ－２）的影响。结果表明１０￣（－９）Ｍ／Ｌ的ＰＡＦ已能诱导ＧＭＣ产生Ｏ和Ｈ２Ｏ２（１．１４±０．４２ｎｍｏｌ／１０￣５ＧＭＣ、０．９７±０．１６ｎｍｏｌ／１０－５ＧＭＣ），这一效应呈剂量依赖性；溶ＰＡＦ无诱导ＧＭＣ产生活性氧作用；特异性ＰＡＦ受体拮抗剂ＢＮ５２０２１抑制ＰＡＦ的刺激作用，抑制作用也呈剂量依赖性，５×１０￣（－５）Ｍ／ＬＢＮ５２０２１完全抑制ＧＭＣ合成活性氧。本研究说明ＰＡＦ可诱导ＧＭＣ合成活性氧。     

白介素2和血小板活化因子对嗜酸性粒细胞的趋化作用比较

用改良Ｂｏｙｄｅｎ法，测定重组人白介素２（ｒｈＩＬ－２）和血小板活化因子（ＰＡＦ）对豚鼠嗜酸性粒细胞（Ｅｏｓ）和中性粒细胞（Ｎｅｕ）的趋化和化学激动作用，ｒｈＩＬ－２对Ｅｏｓ的最大趋化作用浓度为１０￣（－１２）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，较ＰＡＦ的作用强约１００００倍，１０￣（－５）～１０￣（－９）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内，ＰＡＦ对Ｅｏｓ和Ｎｅｕ有相似的趋化作用．但在对Ｅｏｓ呈趋化作用的１０￣－９～１０￣－１３ｍｏ１／Ｌ范围内。ｒｈＩＬ－２对Ｎｅｕ无明显作用．另外，１０￣（－１２）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ｒｈＩＬ－２对Ｅｏｓ的趋化和化学激动作用无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），而１０￣（－８）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＰＡＦ对Ｅｏｓ的趋化作用则显著大于化学激动作用（Ｐ＜０．０５）。以上结果表明，ＩＬ－２是一种极强的选择性Ｅｏｓ趋化介质．     

人醛缩酶A单克隆抗体的制备及应用

纯化并鉴定了人醛缩酶Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ（ｈＡＬＤ－Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ）。用ｈＡＬＤ－Ａ免疫Ｂａｌｂ／Ｃ小鼠，将免疫的脾细胞和Ｐ＿３－Ｘ＿（６３）－Ａｇ８．６５３骨髓瘤细胞用ＰＥＧ进行融合，用ＥＬＩＳＡ法筛选，ｈＡＬＤ－Ｂ、Ｃ作阴性对照，将阳性反应的杂交瘤细胞进行克隆，获得３株杂交瘤细胞株。其ＭｃＡｂ的亚类分别为ＩｇＧ２ｂ，ＩｇＧ１、ＩｇＭ，亲合常数分别为７．５×１０￣（１０）、３．５×１０￣９、２．３×１０￣９。３株细胞株分泌的单抗通过Ｉｍｍｕｎｏｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ得到证实。用亲合层析法从人肝癌细胞中提纯了ＡＬＤ－Ａ，ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ显示为单一区带，但其电泳迁移率较ｈＡＬＤ－Ａ滞后。     

大鼠免疫细胞的促肾上腺皮质激素受体的研究

大鼠免疫细胞都有高、低亲和力两类ＡＣＴＨ受体。脾脏细胞高亲和力促肾上腺皮质激素（ＡＣＴＨ）受体的解离常数（ＫＤ）为０．１１ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，最大结合量（Ｂｍａｘ）为１．２ｆｍｏｌ／２×１０￣６细胞，３６６位点／细胞，低亲和力受体ＫＤ为５．７ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｂｍａｘ为１４７ｆｍｏｌ／２×１０￣６细胞，４２０００位点／细胞。外周血淋巴细胞（ＰＢＬ）高亲和力ＡＣＴＨ受体的ＫＤ值为０．１５ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｂｍａｘ为１．２ｆｍｏｌ／１×１０￣６细胞，１５８０位点／细胞，低亲和力受体ＫＤ值为６．１ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｂｍａｘ为３７．５ｆｍｏｌ／１×１０￣６细胞，３２０００位点／细胞。胸腺细胞、Ｔ、Ｂ淋巴细胞及腹腔巨噬细胞（Ｍφ）亦具有高、低亲和力不同的ＡＣＴＨ受体。     

过敏性紫癜患者血浆GMP－140、cAMP、cGMP、IgG和IgA水平的研究

采用放射免疫法（ＧＭＰ－１４０用单位点免疫放射法）测定过敏性紫癜患者治疗前（ｎ＝２１）后（ｎ＝１９）血浆α－颗粒膜蛋白（ＧＭＰ－１４０）、环磷酸腺苷（ｃＡＭＰ）、环磷酸鸟苷（ｃＧＭＰ）、免疫球蛋白Ｇ和Ａ（ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ）含量，以３１例健康人作对照．结果，患者与对照比较，血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０（７５４±１６８分子数／血小板，Ｔ＝２．２９５，Ｐ＜０．０５），ｃＡＭＰ（１９．８９±７．９２对１４．２６±５．６３ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｔ＝２．９９９，Ｐ＜０．０１），ｃＧＭＰ（４．８７±２．６２对３．４１±１．６９ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｔ＝２．４４６，Ｐ＜０．０５），ＩｇＧ（１５．７５±５．５４对１１．４５±４．８６ｇ／Ｌ，Ｔ＝２．９５８，Ｐ＜０．０１）和ＩｇＡ（１．６８±０．８７对１．１６±０．５２ｇ／Ｌ，Ｔ＝２．６９８，Ｐ＜０．０１），且ｃＡＭＰ和ｃＧＭＰ水平升高呈正相关（ｒ＝０．４６９，Ｐ＜０．０５）。过敏性紫癜患者临床治愈后上述物质血浆含量下降，与对照比较无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）．提示过敏性紫癜患者血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０、ｃＡＭＰ、ｃＧＭＰ、ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＡ可明显升高，临床治愈后恢复正常。     

大蒜素与盐酸川芎嗪对剪切诱导血小板聚集的抑制作用

目的研究大蒜素与盐酸川芎嗪对剪切诱导的血小板聚集（ＳＩＰＡ）的抑制作用及其规律。方法采集家兔血液,并用柠檬酸钠抗凝。用常规离心法制备富血小板血浆（ＰＲＰ）及贫血小板血浆（ＰＰＰ）。所研究的药物在室温（２２～２５℃）下与浓度为３×１０~５／μｌ的ＰＲＰ温育５ｍｉｎ。采用备有激光源和光传感器的剪切装置,以 ２０,４０ ａｎｄ ５２ ｄｙｎｅｓ／ｃｍ~２剪切 ＰＲＰ １２０ｓ。最大ＳＩＰＡ由仪器的计算机给出。结果川芎嗪对ＳＩＰＡ的半抑制浓度（ＩＣ_（５０））在 ２０,４０ａｎｄ ５２ ｄｙｎｅｓ／ｃｍ~２下分别为 ０．２２,０．２８和０．５２ｍＭ。本研究首次报道了大蒜素对剪切诱导血小板聚集的抑制作用,在 ２０,４０ａｎｄ ５２ ｄｙｎｅｓ／ｃｍ~２下 ＩＣ_（５０）分别为 ０． １３,０． ５１和 １．２７ｍＭ。在ＩＣ_（５０）和剪应力τ之间存在指数相关： ＩＣ_（５０）＝ａｅ~（ｂτ）。对于大蒜素,ａ与ｂ分别为０．０３１和０．０７１,对于川芎嗪ａ与ｂ分别为０．１２３和０．０２５。结论川芎嗪搞ＳＩＰＡ作用优于大蒜素。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995