下肢矫正带结合助行器与减重平板训练对脑卒中患者下肢步行能力影响的对比研究

目的:探讨下肢矫正带结合助行器和减重平板训练分别对脑卒中患者下肢步行能力的影响。方法:共选取在我院治疗的脑卒中患者120例,均进行下肢针对性康复治疗。采用随机数字表法将入选患者分为对照组、减重组和矫正带组。对照组由家属辅助自主步行训练;减重组采用减重平板进行步态训练;矫正带组使用下肢矫正带辅助进行步态训练,3组于治疗前、治疗4周后分别进行下肢功能评定。结果:3组患者组内治疗前后比较,FMA(下肢功能)评分、患肢最大负重比值、10m步行速度、6min步行距离、FAC分级差异均有显著性意义(P0.01);减重组治疗后与矫正带组治疗后比较各项指标差异无显著性意义(P0.05),减重组和矫正带组两组治疗后均优于对照组治疗后各项指标(P0.05)。结论:下肢矫正带结合助行器训练和减重平板训练对脑卒中患者下肢步行能力的康复可以达到同样的效果,两者均优于对照组常规步行康复训练的效果,佩戴下肢矫正带可以提高下肢康复疗效。     

功能性电刺激结合快速步行训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者功能的影响

目的:观察功能性电刺激结合快速步行训练对脑卒中偏瘫后遗症期患者社区性步行能力及生理耗能的影响。方法:将30例脑卒中偏瘫足下垂患者随机分为观察组和对照组各15例,均接受神经内科常规药物及康复功能训练;观察组采用功能性电刺激(FES)结合快速步行训练,FES刺激患侧腓总神经和胫前肌;对照组采用常规的减重跑台快速步行训练。分别在治疗前、治疗后评定6分钟步行距离(6MWD)及生理耗能指数(PCI)。结果:治疗4周后,2组PCI较治疗前有显著降低(P0.05),6MWD均较治疗前显著增加(P0.05);静息心率治疗前后比较差值无统计学意义。2组治疗后,观察组的PCI明显低于对照组(P0.05),而6MWD、静息心率组间差异无统计学意义。结论:功能性电刺激结合快速步行训练和传统的减重跑台快速步行训练都能够显著改善脑卒中偏瘫后遗症期患者的社区性步行能力及生理耗能;功能性电刺激结合快速步行训练降低生理耗能更明显。     

核心稳定性训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者步态时空参数和对称性参数的影响

摘要 目的：应用步态分析,观察核心稳定性训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者步态时空参数和对称性参数的影响。 方法：选取脑卒中偏瘫患者60例,按随机数字表法将其分为观察组及对照组,每组30例。两组均进行常规治疗,观察组在此基础上给予核心稳定性训练。分别于治疗前和治疗6周后使用三维步态分析仪器检测并获得两组患者的步态参数。 结果：治疗6周后,两组患者步频、步幅、步速、患侧摆动相和健侧摆动相均较治疗前明显提高（P<0.01）,步宽、步态周期、双支撑相、患侧支撑相、健侧支撑相、步长偏差、健侧患侧支撑相比值和患侧健侧摆动相比值均较治疗前显著减小（P<0.01）。组间比较显示,观察组患者的步频、步幅、步速、步宽、步态周期、双支撑相、健侧支撑相、健侧摆动相、步长偏差、健侧患侧支撑相比值和患侧健侧摆动相比值改善均明显优于对照组（P<0.05或0.01）。 结论：核心稳定性训练能有效改善脑卒中偏瘫患者步态时空参数和对称性参数,提高脑卒中偏瘫患者的步行功能和步态的对称性。     

步态中枢模式发生器对脑卒中偏瘫患者步行能力的影响

目的:探讨步态中枢模式发生器对脑卒中偏瘫患者步行能力的影响。方法:将80例脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分为治疗组(观察组)40例和对照组40例,两组患者均采用常规康复方法进行治疗,观察组还另外采用激活步态中枢模式发生器(CPG)的运动训练方法。两组患者总疗程均为1个月。分别在康复治疗前后采用Fugl-Meyer下肢运动功能量表(FMA)、改良Ashworth量表(MAS)、Holden步行功能分级量表(FAC)进行评定,同时选用足印分析法测量并记录步行时的时间距离参数的变化,分析步态的改善情况。结果:患者经过激活步态CPG的运动训练方法训练后,其FMA、FAC评分与治疗前相比差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),步行时间距离各参数也均有不同程度的改善(P<0.05)。结论:激活步态CPG的运动训练方法能提高脑卒中偏瘫患者的下肢运动功能和实际步行能力,改善步行的步态。     

Effects of treadmill training with the eyes closed on gait and balance ability of chronic stroke patients

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of treadmill walking with the eyes closed and open on the gait and balance abilities of chronic stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty patients with chronic stroke participated in this study. The treadmill gait training for each group lasted 40 minutes, and sessions were held 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Gait ability was measured using a Biodex Gait Trainer Treadmill System. Balance ability was measured using a Biodex Balance System. [Results] After the treadmill training‚ the treadmill training with eyes closed (TEC) group showed significant improvements in walking distance‚ step length‚ coefficient of variation‚ and limit of stability (overall‚ lateral affected‚ forward lateral unaffected) compared to the treadmill training with eyes open (TEO) group. [Conclusion] The walking and balance abilities of the TEC participants showed more improvement after the treadmill walking sessions than those of the TEO participants. Therefore‚ treadmill walking with visual deprivation may be useful for the rehabilitation of patients with chronic stroke.Key words: Stroke, Treadmill training, Visual blocking     

Determinants of walking function after stroke: differences by deficit severity

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship of cardiovascular fitness (Vo(2)peak), neurologic deficits in balance and leg strength, and body composition to ambulatory function after stroke and to determine whether these relationships differ between those with milder versus more severe gait deficits. DESIGN: Cross-sectional correlation study. SETTING: Outpatient clinic of an academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-four people (43 men, 31 women; mean age +/- standard deviation, 64+/-10y) with chronic hemiparetic stroke. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Thirty-foot (9.1-m) walk velocity, 6-minute walk distance, Vo(2)peak, Berg Balance Scale score, bilateral quadriceps eccentric torque, total and regional lean mass, and percentage of fat mass. RESULTS: Short-distance walking correlated significantly with cardiovascular fitness, balance, paretic leg strength, nonparetic leg strength, percentage of body fat, and paretic lean mass but not with nonparetic lean mass. Long-distance walking correlated significantly with cardiovascular fitness, balance, paretic leg strength, nonparetic leg strength, and paretic lean mass but not with percentage of body fat or nonparetic lean mass. Stepwise regression showed that cardiovascular fitness, balance, and paretic leg strength were independently associated with long-distance walking (r(2)=.60, P<.001). Variance in long-distance walking was largely explained by balance for those who walked more slowly (<.48m/s) for short distances (r(2)=.42, P<.001) and by cardiovascular fitness for those who walked more quickly (>.48m/s) for short distances (r(2)=.26, P=.003). CONCLUSIONS: Short-distance walking after stroke is related to balance, cardiovascular fitness, and paretic leg strength. Long-distance walking ability differs by gait deficit severity, with balance more important in those who walk more slowly and cardiovascular fitness playing a greater role in those who walk more quickly. Improved understanding of the factors that predict ambulatory function may assist the design of individualized rehabilitation strategies across the spectrum of gait deficit severity in those with hemiparetic stroke.     

视觉反馈等速肌力训练在偏瘫患者下肢运动功能康复中的应用

目的：探讨卒中恢复期偏瘫患者下肢膝关节屈伸肌行视觉反馈等速肌力训练的效果,以及下肢功能评定与步行能力之间的相关性。方法：188例脑卒中患者随机分为观察组(95例)和对照组(93例),二组患者康复训练相同,观察组增加双下肢股四头肌、腘绳肌视觉反馈等速肌力训练18d。治疗前后分别采用Fugl-Meyer法、Barthel指数法及足印法对二组患者下肢功能及步态进行分析[1]。结果：观察组患者步态较对照组有明显改善(P<0.01),运动功能与活动能力显著提高(P<0.01)。步态的对称性与下肢运动功能、平衡功能显著相关(r=-0.77,-0.73,P<0.01),与活动能力无关(r=-0.23,P>0.05) ;步速与下肢运动功能、平衡功能、活动能力均显著相关(r=0.82,0.77,0.75,P<0.01)。结论：偏瘫患者早期运用双下肢膝屈伸肌群视觉反馈等速肌力训练对提高运动功能、步态改善和日常生活活动能力提高具有重要作用。     

Optimal outcomes obtained with body-weight support combined with treadmill training in stroke subjects

OBJECTIVES: To identify stroke patients who are most likely to benefit from locomotor training with body-weight support (BWS), to determine the extent of carryover from treadmill training to overground locomotion, and to determine the variables that are most likely to influence the recovery of locomotion. DESIGN: A randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Inpatient rehabilitation hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Of 100 stroke subjects, 50 were randomized to receive locomotor training with BWS (BWS group), and 50 were randomized to receive locomotor training with full weight bearing (no-BWS group). The subjects were stratified according to their initial overground walking speed and endurance, initial treadmill speed and endurance, functional balance, motor recovery, side of the lesion, and age. INTERVENTION: Fifty subjects were trained to walk on a treadmill with up to 40% of their body weight supported by a BWS system with an overhead harness (BWS group), and 50 subjects were trained to walk while bearing their full weight (no-BWS group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical outcome measures included overground walking speed and endurance, functional balance, and motor recovery. The effect of confounding variables such as age, comorbidity, and depression on locomotor outcome was also investigated. RESULTS: After 6 weeks of locomotor training, the BWS group scored significantly higher in all clinical outcomes. When the subjects were stratified according to their initial overground walking speed, endurance, balance, and motor recovery, a significant statistical difference in gait and balance dysfunction of all outcomes occurred in the more severely impaired subjects. An important transfer from treadmill speed to overground walking speed was observed in subjects in the BWS group. Finally, a significantly greater effect was observed in older subjects (65-85y) in the BWS group. CONCLUSIONS: Retraining gait in severely impaired stroke subjects with a percentage of their body weight supported resulted in better walking and postural abilities than did gait training in patients bearing their full weight. It appears that subjects with greater gait impairments benefited the most from training with BWS, as did the older patients with stroke. There is evidence of transfer from treadmill training to overground locomotion.     

Abstract 21: Treadmill with partial body-weight support versus conventional gait training after stroke.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that stroke patients treated with treadmill training and partial body-weight support walk faster 90 days after stroke than patients treated with conventional gait training. Design: Block randomized, 2 treatment arm trial. Outcome measurement was performed blind to treatment group. Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation hospital. Participants: 83 patients randomized to the treadmill (n=42) or conventional (n=41) treatments within 30 days of stroke. Patients were stratified by initial walking speed (0, >0, <.25, ≥.25m/s) and stroke location (cortical, subcortical). Eligible patients had first stroke, hemiparesis, required at least contact guard to walk, and were not ataxic. Interventions: Subjects received 12 once-daily 30-minute treatments over a 3-week period and received equal study treatment time in addition to their normal therapy. Treadmill subjects started treatment with average unweighting of 30% body weight and treadmill speed set at 1.1 miles/h. Conventional treatment included standing, walking, sit to stand, standing with activity, and walking with activity. Main Outcome Measure: The primary outcome was velocity 90 days after stroke. Secondary outcomes included 6-minute walk distance, FIM™ instrument mobility subscale score, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, Fugl-Meyer Assessment leg motor score, and Tinetti score. Results: All demographic, medical, and other risk factors showed no difference except for mean age (treadmill group, 69.4±10.6y vs conventional group, 62.0±12.9y). 90-day walking speed did not differ significantly (treadmill group, .71±.50m/s vs conventional group, .83±.50m/s), nor was there a difference in change in walking speed between initial measurement and 90 days. There was no significant difference in the 6-minute walk distance at 90 days or in any of the other secondary outcomes. Conclusions: Both treatment groups made improvements in walking velocity and clinical measures during rehabilitation, but treadmill training with partial body-weight support conferred no additional benefit compared with conventional training. Age may be a contributing factor to the results.     

Effects of task-specific locomotor and strength training in adults who were ambulatory after stroke: results of the STEPS randomized clinical trial

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A phase II, single-blinded, randomized clinical trial was conducted to determine the effects of combined task-specific and lower-extremity (LE) strength training to improve walking ability after stroke. SUBJECTS: The participants were 80 adults who were ambulatory 4 months to 5 years after a unilateral stroke. METHOD: The exercise interventions consisted of body-weight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT), limb-loaded resistive leg cycling (CYCLE), LE muscle-specific progressive-resistive exercise (LE-EX), and upper-extremity ergometry (UE-EX). After baseline assessments, participants were randomly assigned to a combined exercise program that included an exercise pair. The exercise pairs were: BWSTT/UE-EX, CYCLE/UE-EX, BWSTT/CYCLE, and BWSTT/LE-EX. Exercise sessions were 4 times per week for 6 weeks (total of 24 sessions), with exercise type completed on alternate days. OUTCOMES: were self-selected walking speed, fast walking speed, and 6-minute walk distance measured before and after intervention and at a 6-month follow-up. RESULTS: The BWSTT/UE-EX group had significantly greater walking speed increases compared with the CYCLE/UE-EX group; both groups improved in distance walked. All BWSTT groups increased walking speed and distance whether BWSTT was combined with LE strength training or not. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: After chronic stroke, task-specific training during treadmill walking with body-weight support is more effective in improving walking speed and maintaining these gains at 6 months than resisted leg cycling alone. Consistent with the overtraining literature, LE strength training alternated daily with BWSTT walking did not provide an added benefit to walking outcomes.     

Feasibility and effects of patient-cooperative robot-aided gait training applied in a 4-week pilot trial

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Functional training is becoming the state-of-the-art therapy approach for rehabilitation of individuals after stroke and spinal cord injury. Robot-aided treadmill training reduces personnel effort, especially when treating severely affected patients. Improving rehabilitation robots towards more patient-cooperative behavior may further increase the effects of robot-aided training. This pilot study aims at investigating the feasibility of applying patient-cooperative robot-aided gait rehabilitation to stroke and incomplete spinal cord injury during a therapy period of four weeks. Short-term effects within one training session as well as the effects of the training on walking function are evaluated. METHODS: Two individuals with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury and two with chronic stroke trained with the Lokomat gait rehabilitation robot which was operated in a new, patient-cooperative mode for a period of four weeks with four training sessions of 45 min per week. At baseline, after two and after four weeks, walking function was assessed with the ten meter walking test. Additionally, muscle activity of the major leg muscles, heart rate and the Borg scale were measured under different walking conditions including a non-cooperative position control mode to investigate the short-term effects of patient-cooperative versus non-cooperative robot-aided gait training. RESULTS: Patient-cooperative robot-aided gait training was tolerated well by all subjects and performed without difficulties. The subjects trained more actively and with more physiological muscle activity than in a non-cooperative position-control mode. One subject showed a significant and relevant increase of gait speed after the therapy, the three remaining subjects did not show significant changes. CONCLUSIONS: Patient-cooperative robot-aided gait training is feasible in clinical practice and overcomes the main points of criticism against robot-aided gait training: It enables patients to train in an active, variable and more natural way. The limited number of subjects in this pilot trial does not permit valid conclusions on the effect of patient-cooperative robot-aided gait training on walking function. A large, possibly multi-center randomized controlled clinical trial is required to shed more light on this question.     

反重力跑台系统在老年脑卒中患者平衡及步行训练中的疗效

目的:观察反重力跑台训练系统在老年脑卒中患者平衡及步行训练中的应用效果.方法:选取我院60例老年卒中住院患者,随机分为研究组和对照组各30例.2组均予常规康复训练及步行训练,研究组加用反重力跑台步行训练,连续治疗12周,并在治疗前后采用Berg平衡量表、Tinetti步态评估量表、10m最大步行速度测试评估患者平衡及步...     

Effects of therapeutic gait training using a prosthesis and a treadmill for ambulatory patients with hemiparesis

Hase K, Suzuki E, Matsumoto M, Fujiwara T, Liu M. Effects of therapeutic gait training using a prosthesis and a treadmill for ambulatory patients with hemiparesis.

Objective

To examine the short-term effects of a newly developed hemiparetic gait training in which patients walk with a prosthesis applied to the nonparetic leg in the flexed knee position.

Design

Pre-post nonrandomized controlled trial.

Setting

Rehabilitation center and gait laboratory of a university hospital.

Participants

Community-dwelling ambulatory volunteers (N=22) with chronic hemiparesis caused by a unilateral stroke.

Intervention

Study subjects participated in a gait training program using either a below-knee prosthesis or a treadmill. Treadmill gait training was performed at a speed approximating the maximum gait velocity for each patient. The 3-week program consisted of a 5-minute gait training session 2 to 3 times a day.

Main Outcome Measures

The ground reaction forces, stance time, step length and cadence during walking at a comfortable speed, and maximum gait speed, as well as the Berg Balance Score, were estimated before and after each training program.

Results

In comparison with changes after the treadmill gait training, analyses of covariance demonstrated a significant increase of the fore-aft ground reaction forces during the paretic propulsion phase and a significant increase in the relative durations of the paretic and nonparetic single stance involved in a gait cycle after the prosthetic gait training (P<.05).

Conclusions

Prosthetic gait training would have different effects on a hemiparetic gait than treadmill gait training. The gait-related task inducing the dominant use of the paretic leg to support the body may be useful as a rehabilitative treatment to improve the kinetic abilities in the paretic stance period.     

Gait outcomes after additional backward walking training in patients with stroke: a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of additional backward walking training on gait outcome of patients post stroke. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Medical centre. SUBJECTS: Twenty-five subjects with stroke, who were lower extremity Brunnstrom motor recovery stage at 3 or 4 and were able to walk 11 m with or without a walking aid or orthosis, randomly allocated to two groups, control (n = 12) and experimental (n = 13). INTERVENTIONS: Subjects in both groups participated in 40 min of conventional training programme three times a week for three weeks. Subjects in experimental group received additional 30 min of backward walking training for three weeks at a frequency of three times per week. MAIN MEASURES: Gait was measured using the Stride Analyzer. Gait parameters of interest were walking speed, cadence, stride length, gait cycle and symmetry index. Measures were made at baseline before commencement of training (pre-training) and at the end of the three-week training period (post-training). RESULTS: After a three-week training period, subjects in experimental group showed more improvement than those in control group for walking speed (change score: 8.60 +/- 6.95 versus 3.65 +/- 2.92, p-value = 0.032), stride length (change score: 0.090 +/- 0.076 versus -0.0064 +/- 0.078, p-value = 0.006), and symmetry index (change score: 44.07 +/- 53.29 versus 5.30 +/- 13.91, p-value = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that asymmetric gait pattern in patients post stroke could be improved from receiving additional backward walking therapy.     

Gait coordination after stroke: benefits of acoustically paced treadmill walking

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Gait coordination often is compromised after stroke. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of acoustically paced treadmill walking as a method for improving gait coordination in people after stroke. PARTICIPANTS: Ten people after stroke volunteered for the study and comprised the experimental group. Nine elderly people who were healthy served as a control group. METHODS: Gait cycle parameters, interlimb coordination, and auditory-motor coordination were examined while participants walked on a treadmill with and without acoustic pacing. RESULTS: Stride frequency was adjusted to different acoustic pacing frequencies in all participants. In people after stroke, gait symmetry improved with acoustic pacing. They predominantly coordinated movements of the nonparetic limb to ipsilateral tones. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results suggest that acoustically paced treadmill walking provides an effective means for immediately modifying stride frequency and improving gait coordination in people after stroke and, therefore, may be usefully applied in physical therapist practice. Future research directions for developing guidelines for using acoustically paced treadmill walking in physical therapist practice are discussed.     

The effectiveness of body weight-supported gait training and floor walking in patients with chronic stroke

OBJECTIVE: To compare body weight-supported exercise on a gait trainer with walking exercise overground. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Rehabilitation hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-five ambulatory patients with chronic stroke. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized to 3 groups: (1) gait trainer exercise with functional electric stimulation (GTstim), (2) gait trainer exercise without stimulation (GT), and (3) walking overground (WALK). All patients practiced gait for 15 sessions during 3 weeks (each session, 20 min), and they received additional physiotherapy 55 minutes daily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ten-meter walk test (10MWT), six-minute walk test (6MWT), lower-limb spasticity and muscle force, postural sway tests, Modified Motor Assessment Scale (MMAS), and FIM instrument scores were recorded before, during, and after the rehabilitation and at 6 months follow-up. RESULTS: The mean walking distance using the gait trainer was 6900+/-1200 m in the GTstim group and 6500+/-1700 m in GT group. In the WALK group, the distance was 4800+/-2800 m, which was less than the walking distance obtained in the GTstim group (P=.027). The body-weight support was individually reduced from 30% to 9% of the body weight over the course of the program. In the pooled 45 patients, the 10MWT (P<.001), 6MWT (P<.001), MMAS (P<.001), dynamic balance test time (P<.001), and test trip (P=.005) scores improved; however, no differences were found between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both the body weight-supported training and walking exercise training programs resulted in faster gait after the intensive rehabilitation program. Patients' motor performance remained improved at the follow-up.     

运动想象结合下肢康复机器人训练对脑卒中患者步行障碍的影响

摘要 目的：探讨运动想象结合Lokomat下肢康复机器人训练对脑卒中患者步行障碍的影响。 方法：40例脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分为两组,观察组和对照组各组20例,两组均进行基础康复治疗,包括神经发育疗法、主/被动牵伸、日常生活活动（ADL）训练、必要的矫形器应用、传统中医治疗等。观察组：第一疗程（4周）,在基础治疗的基础上进行Lokomat下肢康复机器人辅助步行训练,治疗强度和时间长度是40%的减重支持,75%的引导力量,1.5km/h的步行速度,步行持续时间30min/次,1次/d,5次/周;第二疗程（4周）,在基础治疗的基础上进行运动想象结合Lokomat下肢康复机器人辅助步行训练,治疗强度和时间长度是40%的减重支持,75%的引导力量,1.5km/h的步行速度,步行持续时间30min/次,1次/d,5次/周;对照组患者在基础治疗的基础上进行30min以提高步行能力为目标的治疗师辅助步行训练,1次/d,5次/周,为期8周。在治疗前、治疗4周后、治疗8周后分别采用Fugl-Meyer下肢评定表(FMA-LE)、改良Ashworth痉挛评价下肢肌痉挛（MAS）、功能性步行量表（FAC）和6min步行能力测试(6MWT)、采用Berg平衡量表（BBS）进行评定。 结果：治疗8周后,两组患者的FMA-LE评分、MAS、FAC、6MWT和BBS均较治疗前明显提高(P<0.05),观察组各项评定得分与对照组比较均具有显著差异(P<0.01);观察组第一、第二疗程各项评定得分与对照组比较均具有显著差异(P<0.01);此外,对照组患者2个疗程各项评定得分改善值差异无显著性（P＞0.05）,而观察组患者第二疗程的各项评定得分改善值高于第一疗程（P＜0.05）。 结论：应用运动想象结合Lokomat下肢康复机器人训练能更有效改善脑卒中患者的步行能力,且疗效高于单用Lokomat下肢康复机器人训练。     

Effects of body-weight supported treadmill training on kinetic symmetry in persons with chronic stroke

Background

The purpose was to examine changes in kinetic symmetry in persons with chronic stroke immediately and 6-months after body-weight supported treadmill training.

Methods

Fifteen participants at least six-months post stroke and able to ambulate between 0.4 and 0.8 m/s and 20 participants without neurological conditions completed all phases of the study and were included in the analysis. The non-disabled group served as a comparison for describing changes in kinetic symmetry. The stroke group completed 24 sessions of body-weight supported treadmill training over 8-weeks with 20 minutes of total walking per session. Bilateral 3-dimensional motion analysis and gait speed were assessed 1-week before training (pre-test), 1-week after training (post-test) and 6-months after training (retention) in a repeated measures design. Relative propulsion of the paretic leg and relative positive work of the hip, knee and ankle joints of both legs were calculated to evaluate symmetry of kinetic forces.

Findings

Statistically significant differences in relative propulsion and positive joint work within the paretic and non-paretic legs were not found over time. The stroke group significantly improved gait speed from pre- to post-test (p = .001) and pre-test to retention (p = .008). In comparison to the non-disabled group, forces produced by the stroke group were asymmetrical demonstrating compensatory adaptation.

Interpretation

Although the participants with chronic stroke walked faster after body-weight supported treadmill training, the relative percentages of propulsion and positive work remained unchanged. These findings suggest that the increase in speed was likely due to strengthening existing compensatory strategies rather than through recovery of normal kinetic symmetry.     

步行模式的功能性电刺激不同治疗时间对脑卒中患者下肢功能影响的随机对照研究CSCD

目的:探讨基于正常行走模式的智能化、多通道步行模式功能性电刺激(FES)改善脑卒中患者下肢运动功能的疗效及其与治疗时间的相关性,为步行模式FES的临床应用提供依据。方法:采用Minimize软件将18例脑卒中患者随机分为60 min步行模式FES组(60 min组)和30 min步行模式FES组(30 min组),每组各9例。2组的常规治疗相同,在此基础上,60 min组采用步行模式FES辅助行走30 min+卧位电刺激30 min;30 min组采用步行模式FES辅助行走30 min+卧位安慰刺激30 min。电刺激1次/d,5 d/周,共15次。在治疗前、治疗7次后、治疗15次后、治疗结束1个月后分别进行改良Ashworth量表(MAS)、徒手肌力检查(MMT)、Fugl-Meyer下肢功能评定(FMA-LE)、Berg平衡评定(BBS)、10 m步行测试(10MWT)步速和改良Barthel指数(MBI)评估,以判断患者患侧下肢运动功能和日常生活活动能力的变化。结果:组内比较发现,与治疗前相比,2组治疗7次后、治疗15次后和随访时的MAS、MMT、FMA-LE、BBS差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);60 min组在治疗后的3次评估中MBI的变化均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而30 min组仅在治疗7次后和治疗15次后的MBI变化有统计学意义(P<0.05);60 min组在治疗7次后和治疗15次后10 MWT步速的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而30 min组仅在治疗15次后的10 MWT步速变化有统计学意义(P<0.05)。组间比较发现,治疗7次后,60 min组MAS、10MWT步速改善更明显(P<0.05);治疗15次后,MAS、FMA-LE、MBI组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);随访时,MAS、MBI组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:智能化、多通道步行模式功能性电刺激能有效改善脑卒中患者下肢运动功能、平衡、行走和日常生活活动能力;而延长治疗时间(从治疗30 min到60 min)可以达到降低肌张力、改善患侧下肢运动功能、提高步速和生活自理能力的效果,且能够延长生活自理能力的疗效持续时间。