术中放疗联合区域动脉灌注治疗局部晚期胰腺癌

目的 :评价术中放疗联合区域动脉灌注治疗局部晚期胰腺癌的效果。方法 :17例局部晚期胰腺癌减黄手术时行术中放疗(IORT) ,胃网膜右动脉插管行 5 -氟尿嘧啶( 5 FU ) 表阿霉素 (EPI) 丝裂霉素(MMC)方案的区域灌注化疗 ,其中 6例术后行外照射放疗。结果 :疼痛缓解率70 5 9% ( 12 / 17) ,临床受益指数 3 5 2 9%( 6/ 17) ,局部病灶部分缓解 2 3 5 3 % ( 4 / 17)。中位生存 11个月 ,1年生存率 3 5 2 9%( 6/ 17)。结论 :IORT结合区域动脉灌注化疗毒副作用轻微 ,可明显提高临床受益率 ,延长生存期     

IORT在不可切除局部晚期胰腺癌治疗中作用

目的 探讨电子线IORT在不可切除局部晚期胰腺癌中的价值。方法 回顾分析2009—2014年本院行电子线IORT的不可切除局部晚期胰腺癌共167例患者的OS期、LR率、不良反应。IORT剂量10~20 Gy。术后12例体外照射、56例同步CRT、17例化疗。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Logrank法检验差异和单因素预后分析,Cox模型多因素预后分析。结果 随访率100%。中位OS期10.3个月,2年OS率为22.0%。中位PFS 6.3个月,2年PFS率为9.9%。CSS期11.2个月,2年CSS率为23.6%。仅行IORT时,<15 Gy、15 Gy和>15 Gy的中位OS及1年OS率分别为6.2个月和10.0%、9.1个月和39.6%、22.2个月和74.4%(P=0.000)。术后辅助治疗模式中IORT+CRT的中位OS期11.6个月,生存最佳(P=0.033)。单因素分析显示IORT剂量、肿瘤大小和限光筒直径为影响预后因素(P=0.000、0.006、0.007),多因素分析显示IORT联合术后放疗、IORT剂量为影响预后因素(P=0.006、0.000)。结论 对于不可切除局部晚期胰腺癌,电子线IORT是安全有效治疗手段,避开胃肠组织前提下适当增加剂量可提高疗效,术后CRT可更好延长生存且不增加不良反应。     

晚期胰腺癌动脉灌注化疗结合三维适形放疗的疗效分析

目的 :观察手术不能切除的晚期胰腺癌动脉灌注化疗结合三维适形放疗的疗效。方法 :对 4 7例晚期胰腺癌患者先给予动脉灌注健择 180 0mg、5 FU 10 0 0mg ,1周后给予三维适形放疗DT30～ 5 0Gy 10～ 2 5F。结果 :全组患者有效率 (CR +PR)为 4 8% ,临床症状缓解率为 82 % ,中位生存期 10 2个月。结论 :动脉灌注化疗结合三维适形放疗是治疗晚期胰腺癌的一个安全有效的方法     

术中放疗联合区域动脉灌注治疗局部晚期胰腺癌

目的：评价术中放疗联合区域动脉灌注治疗局部晚期胰腺癌的效果。方法：17例局部晚期胰腺癌减黄手术时行术中放疗(IORT)，胃网膜右动脉插管行5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu) 表阿霉素(EPI) 丝裂霉素(MMC)方案的区域灌注化疗，其中6例术后行外照射放疗。结果：疼痛缓解率70．59％(12／17)，临床受益指数35．29％(6／17)，局部病灶部分缓解23．53％(4／17)。中位生存11个月，1年生存率35．29％(6／17)。结论：IORT结合区域动脉灌注化疗毒副作用轻微，可明显提高临床受益率，延长生存期。     

高能聚集超声热疗为主综合治疗晚期胰腺癌的临床观察

目的:探讨以高能聚焦超声热疗(HIFU)为主综合治疗不能手术切除晚期胰腺癌的近期疗效。方法:采用FEP-BY01型高能聚焦超声肿瘤治疗机联合介入或全身化疗、胆总管造口术(合并黄疸者)等措施,对23例不能手术切除的晚期胰腺癌患者进行综合治疗。结果:(1)疼痛改变:23例患者治疗前均有不同程度疼痛,治疗后完全缓解13例(56·5%),部分缓解8例(37·8%),无效2例(8·7%),与治疗前比较差异显著(P<0·01);(2)生活质量(KPS评分):治疗前平均(56·62±13·05)分,治疗后(85·20±5·20)分(P<0·01);(3)近期生存情况:本组病例HIFU治疗后至首次随访时,生存21例,2例分别因合并广泛肝转移和大量腹水全身衰竭死亡;(4)肿瘤体积变化:23例患者肿瘤完全消失1例,部分消失2例,肿瘤体积变化<1/4处于稳定状态17例,病情进展1例,死亡2例。结论:以超声聚焦热疗为主联合化疗及胆总管造口术等综合措施治疗不能手术切除的晚期胰腺癌,可以缓解疼痛,改善生活质量,其近期有效率高,值得进一步研究。     

术中放疗与健择治疗晚期胰腺癌的临床价值

回顾分析术中放疗与健择化疗 ,配合术后放疗治疗不能手术切除的晚期胰腺癌。 18例患者中分为单纯术中放疗 (A)组 ,术中放疗加术后放疗 (B)组 ,术中放疗加术后放疗加健择化疗 (C)组。结果A组中位生存期 7 5个月 ,B组中位生存期 13 5个月 ,C组中位生存期 15个月。组间比较C组中位生存期明显高于A、B组。提示术中放疗在直视下对准肿瘤 ,一次大剂量照射 ,加术后补充外照射 ,肿瘤得到最大剂量杀死。正常组织得到保护 ,配和健择新药化疗 ,明显提高中位生存期 ,在治疗晚期胰腺癌中有较好的临床应用价值。     

术中放疗应用于胰腺癌的疗效与安全性meta分析

目的比较术中放疗(IORT)联合常规治疗(手术联合放化疗)与单纯常规治疗对胰腺癌疗效与安全性等预后的影响。方法全面检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Embase、维普、知网、万方、中国生物医学文献服务系统(SinoMed)等数据库收录的文献, 对符合纳入标准的文献进行筛选并提取数据, 采用RevMan 5.4软件进行meta分析。结果共纳入11项研究, 共813例患者, 根据合并结果显示, 与单纯常规治疗相比, IORT联合常规治疗可提高胰腺癌的总体生存率(HR=0.66, 95%CI为0.54～0.81, Z=4.03, P<0.001), 且不会增加治疗相关不良反应(OR=1.00, 95%CI为0.69～1.46, Z=0.01, P=0.99), 但不能使局部控制率获益(HR=0.56, 95%CI为0.31～1.01, Z=1.93, P=0.05)。结论 IORT联合常规治疗组胰腺癌患者总体生存率明显优于单纯常规治疗组, 两组的不良反应无差异, 值得临床推广应用。     

三维适形放射治疗晚期胰腺癌近期疗效

目的:评价三维适形放射治疗晚期胰腺癌的近期疗效。方法:对30例晚期不能手术的胰腺癌患者进行三维适形放射治疗,分析疗效和近期生存率。结果:治疗后腰背疼痛缓解率为76.7%,近期总有效率为80%,1年生存率60%,1.5年生存率为46.7%。结论:三维适形放射治疗能明显缓解晚期胰腺癌患者的症状,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

侵及胰腺晚期胃癌的外科治疗

回顾性分析我院1995年1月1日~2000年1月1日施行的晚期胃癌侵犯胰腺手术46例患者的临床资料。结果46例患者中,根治性切除26例,姑息性手术20例。其中胃次全切除加胰体尾部和脾切除11例,全胃切除加胰体尾部和脾切除9例,胃次全切除加胰十二指肠切除3例,全胃切除加胰十二指肠切除2例,胃次全切除加胰体尾部切除1例;姑息性胃大部分切除术11例,短路手术(胃空肠吻合)7例,探查活检加空肠造瘘术1例,单纯探查活检术1例。随访40例,术后1、3和5年生存率,根治手术组分别为65·2%(15/23)、30·4%(7/23)和13%(3/23),姑息手术组分别为35·3%(6/17)、11·8%(2/17)和0。根治手术组术后1、3和5年生存率明显高于姑息手术组,χ2=4·62,P=0·030。初步研究结果提示,对晚期胃癌侵犯胰腺的患者,严格掌握手术适应证,选择合理的手术方式,注重患者围手术期的营养支持,这是降低并发症,提高联合胃胰切除手术成功率及远期生存率的重要因素。     

介入化疗加三维适形放疗治疗胰腺癌的疗效

目的:观察手术不能切除的晚期胰腺癌动脉灌注化疗(TAC)结合三维适形放疗(3D-CRT)的疗效。方法:32例病人先行TAC治疗1～3次,化疗药物为健择1600mg～1800mg,顺铂80mg～100mg。TAC后1～2周行3-DCRT,单次量为2.0Gy,1次/天,肿瘤量55～60Gy。结果:CR1例、PR12例、NC4例、PD4例,有效率(CR PR)为40.6%;1、2年生存率分别为46.87%(15/32)、28.1%(9/32);患者疼痛完全缓解29例,缓解率90.6%(29/32)。结论:对不能切除的胰腺癌行3DCRT与动脉灌注化疗结合是治疗局部进展期胰腺癌的一种有效方法。     

High-dose intraoperative radiotherapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer

PURPOSE: The results of high-dose intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) and/or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for unresectable pancreatic cancer were analyzed to evaluate the possible advantages of IORT in combination with EBRT. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1983 and 1993, 115 patients with unresectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (53 with non-Stage IV disease and 62 with Stage IV disease) were treated with EBRT + IORT (55 patients), EBRT alone (44 patients), or IORT alone (16 patients). In non-Stage IV patients, the use of EBRT alone was due to the unavailability of IORT and the use of IORT alone was due to refusal of EBRT. The IORT dose was 30-33 Gy and the EBRT dose was 40-60 Gy. A historical control group comprised of 101 patients undergoing palliative surgery alone was also analyzed. RESULTS: Both non-Stage IV and Stage IV patients receiving EBRT with or without IORT had a better prognosis than the nonirradiated historical controls. Among non-Stage IV patients, the median survival of the EBRT + IORT group (8.5 months) and the EBRT group (8 months) was similar, although survival from 12 to 18 months was higher in the former group (38% vs. 10% at 12 months, p = 0.018, and 19% vs. 0% at 18 months, p = 0.023). In Stage IV patients, the prognosis was not influenced by the type of radiotherapy. Multivariate analysis revealed that a pretreatment carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 level < 1000 U/ml was associated with better survival. In non-Stage IV patients with a CA 19-9 level < 1000 U/ ml, EBRT + IORT appeared to produce a better survival than EBRT alone (p = 0.047). This was supported by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: High-dose IORT + EBRT may be more effective than EBRT alone in patients with unresectable but localized pancreatic cancer and a low CA 19-9 level.     

High dose, external beam and intraoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of resectable and unresectable pancreatic cancer

Ninety patients with pancreatic cancer were treated by external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and/or intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) with or without surgical resection of the tumor, and the results were compared with those of a historical control comprising 112 patients treated by surgery alone. At an early stage of this study, postoperative EBRT (50-60 Gy) or IORT (25-33 Gy) was given alone, but recently the two modalities have been combined. The combination of high doses of EBRT and IORT was well tolerated provided that the gastrointestinal tract was not irradiated during IORT. Although EBRT plus IORT appeared to yield better results than either EBRT or IORT alone, the difference was not significant on multivariate analysis, and patients receiving EBRT, IORT, or EBRT + IORT were grouped together. Patients receiving radiotherapy in addition to macroscopically curative surgery had a slightly longer median survival time (14 months) than those receiving curative surgery alone (10 months), but the 3-year survival rate was similar (21% vs. 19%). In patients who underwent noncurative resection, the median survival time was significantly longer for the irradiated group (12 months) than for the control group (6.5 months). Also, in patients with unresectable lesions but no distant metastases, irradiation prolonged the median survival time significantly (8 vs. 3.5 months). In this group, there was one 5-year survivor, who received EBRT of 55 Gy plus IORT of 30 Gy to his unresectable pancreatic body lesion. Patients with metastases were also treated for palliation of symptoms, but it was found that irradiation prolonged the median survival time even in such cases (4.5 vs. 2.5 months). Based on these results, we plan to use EBRT plus IORT in all pancreatic cancer patients with no metastases.     

Radiation therapy of pancreatic cancer]

We have been using external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for both resectable and unresectable pancreatic cancer patients. EBRT (50-60 Gy) was combined with IORT (25-33 Gy) whenever possible, but otherwise EBRT or IORT was given alone. In patients with unresectable tumor but no distant metastasis, the median survival time (MST) was 7.5 months (M) for the EBRT group and 9 M for the EBRT+IORT group. These MST's were significantly longer than the MST of 3 M of patients who had been treated without radiation (historical control). In non-Stage IV patients undergoing non-curative resection, the MST was 12.5 M for the EBRT group, 15.5 M for the EBRT+IORT group, and 7 M for the historical control. In patients undergoing macroscopic curative resection, the MST was 14 M for the EBRT group, 10 M for the EBRT+IORT group, and 10.5 M for the historical control. In Stage IV patients (with distant metastasis), the MST was 4.5 M for the EBRT group, 4 M for the EBRT+IORT group, 2 M for the IORT group, and 2.5 M for the historical control. Thus, radiotherapy appeared useful especially in non-Stage IV patients undergoing non-curative or no resection. A decrease or relief of pain was obtained in 90% of patients with unresectable lesions. Radiotherapy seems to play an important role in the treatment of pancreatic cancer but more aggressive combined treatment seems to be necessary to further improve the dismal prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients.     

胰腺癌术中放射治疗的价值

目的：回顾总结诸多放射治疗方式对胰腺癌治疗的价值。方法：1986－1999年间收治的无法手术切除的晚期胰腺癌患者68例，伴有严理和中度腹背痛的65例作为研究对象，其中无腹背痛的3例除外，单纯接受术中放射治疗25例，术中放射治疗加体外放射治疗20例，单纯体外放射治疗20例，另外单纯手术治疗胰腺癌30例作对照。结果：（1）单纯术中放射治疗组患者背痛和腹痛的完全缓解率为47％，部分缓解率为34％，总疼痛缓解率为81％，术后2周内见效，中位生存期为5．9个月（从治疗开始计算）。（2）术中放射治疗加体外放射治疗组患者背痛和腹痛的缓解率同单纯疗后4周左右见效，中位生存期是4．5个月。（4）单纯手术治疗组中位生期7个月。结论：术中放射治疗加体外放射治疗能明显延长晚期胰腺癌患者的生存期，而且能明显缓解患者的疼痛，见效快，提高了患者的生活质量。     

Analysis of the clinical benefit of intraoperative radiotherapy in patients undergoing macroscopically curative resection for pancreatic cancer

PURPOSE: To determine the survival of pancreatic cancer patients treated with intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) and/or external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) following macroscopically curative resection. METHODS AND MATERIALS: One hundred and thirty-eight patients with pancreatic cancer who had undergone potentially curative total or regional pancreatectomy between 1980 and 1997 were retrospectively analyzed. Among the 138 patients, 98 had a pathologically negative surgical margin and the remaining 40 patients had a positive surgical margin. The usual EBRT dose was 45-55 Gy with a daily fraction of 1.5-2.0 Gy. The median IORT dose was 25 Gy in a single fraction. RESULTS: The 2-year cause-specific survival rate of patients with pathologically negative surgical margins was 19%, and that of patients with positive margins was 4% (p < 0.005). Although the median survival time (MST) of patients with negative margins treated with IORT and EBRT was significantly longer than that of those treated with operation alone (17 vs. 11 months), no significant difference in survival curves was observed. In patients with positive surgical margins in peripancreatic soft tissue, the difference between the survival curve of patients treated with surgery alone and that of those treated with surgery and radiation therapy was borderline significant (p < 0.10). Patients receiving intraarterial or intraportal infusion chemotherapy had significantly improved survival rates compared with those who did not receive it (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although the MST was longer in patients with negative margins receiving IORT and EBRT than in those receiving no radiation, improved long-term survival by IORT and/or EBRT was not suggested. In patients with positive margins, our results obtained by IORT/EBRT were encouraging. Randomized studies with much higher patient numbers are necessary to define the role of IORT in curatively resected pancreatic cancer.     

42例晚期胰腺癌的术中放射治疗

目的　探讨姑息性手术结合术中放射治疗对晚期胰腺癌的疗效。方法　对 4 2例未能切除的晚期胰腺癌患者进行姑息性手术合并术中放疗。用 9～ 16MeV电子线在直视下照射病灶区域 ,照射量 2 0～ 30Gy。同时与未行术中放疗的 5 9例患者进行对比。结果　术中放疗组患者腹痛和腰背痛完全缓解率为 6 6 .7% ,部分缓解率为 2 6 .2 % ,总有效率为 92 .9%。未行术中放疗的 5 9例患者腹痛和腰背痛完全缓解率为 15 .3% ,部分缓解率为 2 5 .4 % ,总有效率为 4 0 .7% (P <0 .0 0 1)。术中放疗组平均生存期为 16 .7个月 ,对照组为 11.9个月 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　姑息性手术结合术中放疗能够有效地控制晚期胰腺癌患者的腹痛和腰背痛 ,改善生活质量 ,并可适当延长生存期。     

适形放射治疗联合热疗治疗晚期胰腺癌的疗效及临床受益反应观察

为了评价适形放疗联合热疗治疗晚期胰腺癌的疗效及临床受益反应,对34例胰腺癌患者给予适形放疗,2Gy/次,5次/周,总剂量50-70 Gy;热疗2次/周,每次60-90 min,共计6次。结果82.4%患者胸背部疼痛明显缓解,临床受益反应有效率91.2%;放疗后2个月复查CT,肿瘤缩小〉25%者76.5%;1、2年生存率分别为38.2%和20.6%。初步研究结果提示,适形放射治疗联合热疗治疗晚期胰腺癌,疗效较好,并发症少,可显著提高患者生活质量,是不能手术患者较好的治疗方式。     

Intraoperative and conformal external-beam radiation therapy with protracted 5-fluorouracil infusion in patients with locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Chemoradiotherapy is widely used for patients with locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to clarify the efficacy and feasibility of chemoradiotherapy with more intensive radiotherapy in these patients, using a combination of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT), conformal external-beam radiaotherapy (EBRT), and protracted 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). METHODS: Thirty patients with unresectable locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma were enrolled in this Phase II study. The treatment consisted of IORT (25 grays [Gy]), followed by EBRT (40 Gy in 20 fractions, 5 times per week), and concurrent protracted 5-FU infusion (200 mg/m(2)), beginning 2-4 weeks after IORT. The authors evaluated the efficacy and adverse effects of this treatment by following up patients for 12.0-28.1 months. Survival from the date of IORT was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: In 11 of the 30 patients, metastatic spread was detected in the abdominal cavity at laparotomy. The full EBRT dose was administered in 28 of the 30 patients. Of the remaining 2 patients, EBRT was terminated at 8 Gy due to progression of brain metastasis and another patient did not receive EBRT or chemotherapy due to massive ascites after IORT. The overall response rate for primary pancreatic tumor on dynamic computed tomography scan was 23.3% (7 partial responses). Grade 3 or 4 toxicity (according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria) was observed in 15 of the 28 patients who received the full irradiation dose (53.6%). These included anorexia, nausea, emesis, fatigue, leukopenia, and/or elevation of transaminase levels. There were no directly treatment-related deaths, but 1 patient died of hepatic failure related to late effects of irradiation after 25.6 months. The median survival time of the 30 patients was 7.8 months and the 2-year survival rate was 8.1%. The median survival time of the 19 patients without metastatic spread in the abdominal cavity was 12.9 months and that of the 11 patients with metastatic spread was 5.8 months. CONCLUSIONS: The present regimen of chemoradiotherapy is not superior to conventional chemoradiotherapy (EBRT and 5-FU) for patients with locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma.