血浆脑钠肽对心力衰竭诊断及预后判断的临床分析

目的探讨血浆脑钠肽（BNP）浓度水平对心力衰竭（HF）诊断及预后判定的作用。方法荧光免疫法测定93例呼吸困难患者血浆BNP浓度。心脏彩超测定心脏左室射血分数（LVEF）。符合Framingham心力衰竭诊断标准患者61例,按美国心功能分级标准（NYHA）进行心功能分级。HF患者根据出院时血浆BNP浓度分为BNP〈400pg／ml（A）和BNP≥400pg／ml（B）两组,对两组患者因HF4周内再次住院率进行比较。结果HF患者血浆BNP浓度（583±189）pg／ml明显高于非HF组（49±8）pg／ml。随着HF的加重其浓度逐渐升高,HF患者血浆BNP浓度与LVEF呈负相关（r=-0．67,P〈0．01）。不同原发病患者血浆BNP浓度差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。出院时血浆BNP浓度≥400pg／ml（B）组4周内再次住院率升高（P〈0．05）。结论血浆BNP浓度变化可作为心衰诊断和预后判断的一项临床便捷指标。     

呼吸困难患者快速检测脑钠素的意义

目的　评价呼吸困难患者床旁快速测定血浆脑钠素(BNP)浓度对心力衰竭(HF)诊断的意义。方法　随机选择 2002年 3月~2003年 3月至我科就诊的呼吸困难患者 49例,其中男 26例,女 23例,年龄 46~93岁,平均为 76岁。按Framingham标准分为两组,第一组(20例)为无HF患者,第二组 (29例 )为HF患者,采用心力衰竭 /心肌梗死诊断仪[Triage(r)meterplus诊断仪]进行床旁快速检测血浆BNP浓度;其中 37例 (第一组13例,第二组 24例 )行二维超声心动图检查测定左室射血分数 (LVEF)。结果　第二组血浆BNP浓度为(770. 14±157. 80)pg/ml,明显高于第一组的 ( 44. 98±7. 65 )pg/ml(P<0. 01 );第二组的LVEF值为 54. 2%±3. 01%,明显低于第一组的 67. 62%±1. 72% (P<0. 05)。以血浆BNP浓度 >80pg/ml为标准诊断HF时,其敏感性和特异性分别为 89. 66%和 90. 00%;以LVEF值<50%为标准诊断HF时,其敏感性和特异性分别为 41.60%和 100. 00%。结论　采用心力衰竭 /心肌梗死诊断仪对呼吸困难患者进行床旁血浆BNP浓度检测,对诊断HF是一种特异性和敏感性均较高的简便而快速、有效的方法。     

70例脑钠肽测定临床资料分析

目的:观察心力衰竭患者脑钠肽(BNP)水平;探讨脑钠肽(BNP)在心源性哮喘与肺源性哮喘鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:选取各种心力衰竭或急性呼吸困难患者共70例,采用电化学发光免疫测定技术检测患者血浆中NT-ProBNP的水平。结果:心源性呼吸困难、肺源性呼吸困难患者血浆中的NT-ProBNP水平分别为(3 701.36±1 508.12)pg/ml、(235.94±141.76)pg/ml,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。心力衰竭患者的血浆NT-ProBNP水平还与心力衰竭的严重程度呈正相关。结论:血浆脑钠肽水平有助于鉴别诊断心源性呼吸困难和肺源性呼吸困难。脑钠肽还是心力衰竭患者病情判断、预后评估的重要指标。     

B型利钠肽对老年人心功能不全患者预后的临床意义

目的：探讨血浆脑钠肽（ BNP）浓度水平对心力衰竭（ HF）诊断及预后判定的作用。方法：符合Framingham心力衰竭诊断标准患者160例,按美国心功能分级标准（ NYHA）进行心功能分级。 HF患者根据出院时血浆BNP浓度分为BNP﹤4000 pg/ml（A）和BNP≥4000pg/ml（B）2组,荧光免疫法测定160例呼吸困难患者血浆BNP浓度,心脏彩超测定心脏左室射血分数（LVEF）,对2组患者因HF4周内再次住院率进行比较。结果：HF患者血浆BNP浓度4200．9±168．8pg/ml明显高于非HF组480．4＋29．1pg/ml。随着HF的加重其浓度逐渐升高,HF患者血浆BNP浓度与LVEF呈负相关（r＝-0．67,P﹤0．01）。不同原发病患者血浆BNP浓度差异无统计学意义（P﹥0．05）。出院时血浆BNP浓度≥4000pg/ml（B）组4周内再次住院率升高（P﹤0．05）。结论：血浆BNP浓度变化可作为心衰诊断和预后判断的一项临床便捷指标。     

BNP在呼吸困难鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:探讨血浆B型钠尿肽(BNP)检测水平在呼吸困难鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:回顾急性呼吸困难患者168例的资料,分为心源性呼吸困难组和肺源性呼吸困难组进行整理、统计和分析。结果:心源性呼吸困难组患者的BNP值为(992±358)pg/ml、肺源性呼吸困难组患者的BNP值为(68±45.8)pg/ml,两组BNP水平比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:BNP检测在心源性与肺源性呼吸困难患者的鉴别诊断中具有很高的价值。     

血浆脑钠肽测定在肺源性和心源性呼吸困难鉴别诊断中的应用

目的明确血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平对鉴别肺源性与心源性呼吸困难的诊断意义,探讨其向临床应用转化的可能性。方法采用回顾性分析的方法,分析安徽医科大学第一附属医院因呼吸困难检查血浆脑钠肽的113名患者,肺源性呼吸困难和心源性呼吸困难及左心、右心功能不全时脑钠肽水平的变化。结果肺源性呼吸困难时血浆BNP水平为(59.06±41.40)pg/ml,心源性呼吸困难时血浆BNP水平为(415.10±286.24)pg/ml,两组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001),右心功能不全时血浆BNP水平为(317.08±272.40)pg/ml,左心功能不全时血浆BNP水平为(487.18±278.22)pg/ml,两组间比较差异也有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论肺源性与心源性呼吸困难时BNP水平升高,且升高程度与导致呼吸困难的不同原因有关,结合其他临床资料,BNP水平有助于鉴别肺源性与心源性呼吸困难以及进一步鉴别左心与右心功能不全,对快速鉴别呼吸困难原因有一定价值,可以转化应用于临床作为鉴别诊断呼吸困难原因的一个指标。     

无症状性心力衰竭患者B型尿钠肽测定的诊断价值

目的:探讨B型尿钠肽(BNP)测定诊断无症状性心力衰竭(AHF)的价值。方法:30例AHF患者测定其血浆BNP,并另选30名健康者作为对照组测定血浆BNP。结果:AHF组的BNP为(150.80±83.75) pg/ml,显著高于对照组BNP (40.05±15.63) pg/ml (P<0.01)。结论:BNP结合既往病史及心脏超声可能更好地诊断AHF。     

B型尿钠肽对急性呼吸困难的诊断价值

目的评价BNP（B型尿钠肽）水平对急性呼吸困难患者病因鉴别诊断的意义。方法对急诊呼吸困难患者60例作回顾性分析,比较心源性和肺源性呼吸困难患者的BNP水平、左室射血分数（LVEF）等。结果心源性呼吸困难患者BNP水平（1567±958）pg／ml较肺源性呼吸困难患者BNP水平（2664-338）pg／ml明显升高,两者比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）,而LVEF值前者明显低于后者（P〈0.01）。以BNP 300pg／ml作为界值,诊断心力衰竭具有较佳的敏感性和特异性。结论对急性呼吸困难患者测定BNP可鉴别心源性和肺源性病因,对诊断充血性心力衰竭具有较好的敏感性和特异性。     

快速检测B型钠尿肽对急性呼吸困难患者鉴别诊断的意义

目的探讨快速B型钠尿肽(BNP)测定对心源性和肺源性呼吸困难鉴别诊断的意义和价值。方法将794例急性呼吸困难患者分成四组:CHF组(453例)、CHF+肺源性疾病组(76例)、肺源性疾病组(213例)和非CHF+非肺源性疾病组(52例),采用干式快速免疫荧光法测定全部患者的血浆BNP浓度。结果CHF组血浆BNP浓度为(761±413)pg/ml;CHF+肺源性疾病组为(573±316)pg/ml;肺源性疾病组为(69±43)pg/ml;非CHF+非肺源性疾病组为(61±43)pg/ml。肺源性疾病组与非CHF+非肺源性疾病组差异无显著性(P>0.05),其余各组间有显著性差异(P<0.01)。心功能II～IV级患者BNP数值分别为(394±231)pg/ml、(644±306)pg/ml和(894±411)pg/ml,组间有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论急诊科快速测定血浆BNP浓度有助于提高心源性和肺源性急性呼吸困难的鉴别诊断。     

急性呼吸困难患者检测脑钠肽的临床研究

目的探讨血浆脑钠肽(BNP)浓度的检测对急性呼吸困难患者的临床意义。方法2004年3月￣2006年6月有急性呼吸困难患者80例。左心衰竭组41例,非心源性急性呼吸困难组26例,其中肺源性急性呼吸困难35例。另统计合并肺源性心脏病的慢性肺源性急性呼吸困难13例。均经干式快速免疫荧光法定量分析检测BNP。结果①血浆BNP水平在左心衰竭组及非心源性急性呼吸困难组分别为(1285.3±1516.3)pg/ml、(103.8±146.5)pg/ml,(P<0.01)。②左心衰患者心功能Ⅳ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级组血浆BNP水平分别是(1907.4±1406.2)pg/ml,(625.4±494.8)pg/ml,(107.9±108.0)pg/ml,两两相比均P<0.01。③肺源性急性呼吸困难患者合并肺源性心脏病与不合并肺源性心脏病组血浆BNP浓度分别为(420.4±717.1)pg/ml,(79.8±87.4)pg/ml。④心源性急性呼吸困难组与合并肺源性心脏病的肺源性急性呼吸困难组比较,P>0.05。结论急性呼吸困难患者测定血浆BNP对鉴别左心衰竭与非心源性急性呼吸困难有重要价值。血浆BNP水平随NYHA心功能分级程度的加重显著增高。血浆BNP浓度可作为一项慢性肺源性急性呼吸困难是否合并肺源性心脏病早期诊断的指标。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.