精神分裂症语音和音乐刺激时的闭眼眼球活动

目的 探索精神分裂症患者在语音和音乐刺激时闭眼眼球活动的特征。方法 对７０例精神分裂症，３４例情感性精神障碍和３３例正常对照者进行语音和音乐刺激，观察其闭眼眼球活动（ＣＥＭＳ）的变化。结果 精神分裂症组中，ｒ波次数的平均秩和与怀古性精神障碍相似，但高于正常对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）；ｓ波则分别低于后二者（Ｐ〈０．０５￣０．０１）；此外，每次语音刺激前和刺激时的ｒ波次数均无显著性差异。ＣＥＭＳ值与ＢＰＲ     

精神分裂症患者安静状态下闭眼眼球活动

为探索精神分裂症患者安静状态下闭眼眼球活动（ＣＥＭ）的特征，对３２例精神分裂症，３１例情感性精神障碍，１８例脑品质性精神障碍，１６例神经症和２６名正常人进行了眼电图检查，结果发现，精神分裂症患者安静状态下，ＣＥＭ以ｒ波为主，ｓ，波罕见，和缺乏紧张水平的适应改变为主要特征，与其它精神障碍和正常对照者有显著不同，各项ＣＥＭ指标与ＢＰＲＳ，ＳＡＮＳ和ＳＡＰＳ的评分以及抗精神病药剂量均无显著相关，提示安静     

抑郁症和精神分裂症的快眼动睡眠研究

目的探讨抑郁症与精神分裂症的快眼动（ＲＥＭ）睡眠特征。方法用睡眠实验技术对正常受试者、抑郁症和精神分裂症患者各３０例进行多导睡眠图的通夜描录，并结合临床指标，对三组受试者的９项ＲＥＭ睡眠指标进行对照分析。结果抑郁症和精神分裂症有着不同的ＲＥＭ睡眠特征。抑郁症ＲＥＭ睡眠潜伏期（ＲＬ）缩短，ＲＥＭ活动度、强度、密度增高和睡眠次数增多，汉米尔顿抑郁量表分与ＲＬ呈负相关。精神分裂症ＲＥＭ睡眠指标个体间差异大，１０例患者睡眠图的觉醒阶段中发现ＲＥＭ睡眠的插入现象。结论研究抑郁症有异常ＲＥＭ睡眠指标，而ＲＬ则为反映抑郁程度的特殊指标；ＲＥＭ睡眠的插入代表了部分精神分裂症患者的电生理特征     

脑卒中后抑郁状态的多导睡眠图研究

目的：探讨脑卒中后抑郁状态患者的睡眠图异常改变及与抑郁症之间的差异。方法：采用多导睡眠图对６２例脑卒中和３０例抑郁症患者进行整夜睡眠描记，并与对照组比较。结果：卒中后抑郁组与对照组和非抑郁组比较多项睡眠指标均有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）；卒中后抑郁组的ＲＥＭ睡眠时间和密度明显低于抑郁症组，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：卒中后抑郁状态病人除具有睡眠障碍在多导睡眠图改变外，ＲＥＭ睡眠时间和密度是一个较为特征性的改变，卒中后抑郁状态的发生可能与脑内５－ＴＨ递质改变有关。     

国产氟西汀片及其胶囊治疗抑郁症的疗效观察

目的 比较国产氟西汀片剂及其胶囊治疗抑郁症的疗效和副反应。方法 收集符合ＣＣＭＤ－２－Ｒ抑郁症诊断标准的病例６０例，随机分为氟西汀片剂组和氟西汀胶囊组，各３０例。于治疗前及治疗后１周、２周、４周及６周末分别ａｍｉｌｔｏｎ抑郁量表（ＨＡＭＤ）、临床疗效总评定量表（ＣＧＩ）及副反应量表（ＴＥＳＳ）评定。结果 氟西汀片剂组与胶囊组的各次ＨＡＭＤ评分均无明显差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）；二组总有效率均为８３．３％     

卡马西平与碳酸锂治疗躁狂发作的对照研究

目的 评价卡马西平治疗躁狂发作的疗效和副反应。方法 对符合ＣＣＭＤ－２－Ｒ中情感性障碍躁狂发作诊断标准的１７２例病人随机分成卡马西平组（１０２例）和碳酸锂组（７０例）,治疗４周;使用躁狂量表（ＢＲＭＳ）和临床疗效总评量表（ＣＧＩ）评定疗效,用副反应量表（ＴＥＳＳ）及有关实验室检查评定副反应。结果 两组疗后４周ＢＲＭＳ总分减分率显著低于疗前（Ｐ〈０．０１）,说明卡马西平能有效治疗躁狂发作,其疗效与碳酸锂相近,但副反应较碳酸锂持续时间短,病人易耐受。结论 卡马西平可作为躁狂发作的首选药物。     

精神分裂症和抑郁症患者体感诱发电位的初步研究

为观察精神分裂症和抑郁症患者体感诱发电位（ＳＥＰ）的变化，使用ＣＡ－１０００诱发电位叠加仪对４１例精神分裂症患者及２９例抑郁症患者ＳＥＰ进行观察，并与２５名正常人比较。结果显示，精神分裂症患者ＳＥＰ波型变异大，Ｐ２，Ｎ２及Ｐ３波潜伏期明显缩短，主波Ｐ２平均波幅较抑郁症和正常人组分别降低４０％及６３％，Ｎ１－Ｐ１，Ｐ２－Ｎ２及Ｐ３波波幅亦显著降低，与抑郁症和正常人组间均有显著或非常显著性差异。抑郁症患者Ｐ２波平均波幅比正常人组降低３０％，与正常人组有非常显著性差异。提示对ＳＥＰ作为精神科临床诊断和家系研究中易感素质筛选方面的生物学标记，值得进一步探讨     

复方炔诺酮与碳酸锂治疗躁狂发作的对照研究

目的 验证和评价复方炔诺酮治疗躁狂发作的疗效及副反应。方法 对４０例躁狂发作的病人，应用复方炔诺酮（２０例）与碳酸锂（２０例）进行对照治疗，疗程８周。采用倍克量表（ＢＲＭＳ），临床评定量表（ＣＧＩ）及副反应量表（ＴＥＳＳ）评定疗效及副反应。结果 复方炔诺酮与碳酸锂的疗效相似（Ｐ〉０．０５）。前者的主要副作用为一过性的体重增加，乳房发育、泌乳。结论 复方炔诺酮治疗躁狂发作有效，副反应轻微，尤适用于快速循环型的躁狂发作的治疗。     

帕金森病立体定向手术前、后智能及精神症状的观察（附30例报告）

报告采用医学心理学测验（ＷＡＩＳ－ＲＣ，临床记忆量表、ＭＭＰＩ）方法对脑立体定向手术治疗帕金森病患者３例，对术前后其智能，精神症状进行分析；结果显示手术前后无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．５０或Ｐ＞０．１０）。     

精神病病人的自知力研究

为了解精神分裂症和躁狂抑郁症病人自知力表现的异同，应用自知力评估量表比较精神分裂症和躁狂抑郁症住院病人６周治疗前后自知力的变化。结果：（１）精神分裂症病人自知力评分显著高于躁狂抑郁症组，主要表现在对症状缺乏认识，抑郁发作病人的自知力缺失主要表现在对症状的归因解释方面；（２）经过６周治疗，两组病人的自知力均有恢复，尤其是躁狂发作病人；（３）临床医师对自知力的判断与自知力评估量表结果的相符率为７５％～８９％。提示不同精神疾病的病人其自知力缺损的内容不完全一样，对治疗的反应也不完全一样。     

Mental illness in England,in Scotland and in Scots living in England

Summary Beginning from the observation that Scots living in England have much higher rates of mental hospital admission than do the English, several hypotheses are proposed to account for this. Much of the excess in rates of mental illness is accounted for by those diagnosed as having alcohol-related disorders and behaviour and personality problems. The results of an examination of offical statistics in the two countries enabled some explanations to be offered. It was found that rates of admissions to mental hospitals are higher in Scotland than in England but not as high as those found among Scots migrants who have a much higher rate of readmission to hospitals than either of the other groups. In fact, if first admissions only are considered the rates of admission in Scotland are not only higher than rates for English natives but also higher than for Scottish migrants. It seems that Scots living in England are somewhat less likely to become mental patients than Scots in Scotland but that once they do achieve this status they are very much more likely to be readmitted on subsequent occasions. It was concluded that there might be two fairly distinct groups of migrants from Scotland to England who have different backgrounds, different reasons for migrating and different psychological characteristics. On the one hand there are stable, economically motivated migrants who move south for definite employment related reasons and who show few psychological symptoms. While on the other hand there is a group of migrants who perhaps have psychological problems and who move more in hope than expectation without definite prospects and who account for the high rates of mental hospital admission found in Scottish migrants.     

Prostacyclin release in the coronary circulation during sustained stimulation in in vitro and in in vivo experimental systems

Prostacyclin release from rat isolated perfused hearts and from dog coronary circulation was studied by measuring immunoreactive 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1a) in heart perfusate and in plasma obtained from the great cardiac vein respectively. Continuous infusion of arachidonic acid at constant concentration in isolated perfused hearts induced an increased prostacyclin release. This release showed a rapid peak within 10 min and a subsequent decrease. Low-flow ischemia induced an increased perfusate concentration of 6-keto-PGF1a but, considering the decreased flow, prostacyclin release was actually reduced. During the whole period of ischemia (60 min) prostacyclin release was constant. In open-chest anesthetized dogs 6-keto-PGF1a concentration in the great cardiac vein was increased after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. A prolonged period of coronary occlusion (4.5 hours) resulted in a progressive rise of prostacyclin release. 6-keto-PGF1a determinations in the femoral vein and in the aorta did not show relevant variations during the observation period.     

癫痫与抑郁关系的研究进展

抑郁是癫痫患者中常见的精神障碍,严重地影响了患者的生活质量。传统的观点认为癫痫患者因为存在着诸多社会学问题易出现抑郁倾向,癫痫和抑郁是单向的联系,但大量的研究已经证明癫痫和抑郁之间存在双向的联系,一种异常状态的存在可能易转化为另一种异常状态的发展。癫痫和抑郁存在着共同的发病机制。本文主要就癫痫和抑郁的双向联系以及抗抑郁药物在癫痫患者中的应用进行阐述。     

神经介入：回眸2022

<正>2022年,国际上公布了多项大型神经介入领域的随机对照试验（randomized controlled trial,RCT）结果,在血管内治疗（endovascular treatment,EVT）急性大血管闭塞（large vessel occlusion,LVO）适应证的扩展、药物治疗、管理,症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄（symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis,sICAS）治疗,无症状性颈动脉狭窄治疗,     

Neuroimaging in epilepsy in tropics

Epilepsy is a major public health problem in many tropical countries. Also, some of the tropical diseases are major contributors to the higher prevalence of epilepsy in these countries. The etiologic factors responsible for epilepsy in these countries are quite different from those in the developed world. This article discusses the etiologic factors and neuroimaging of epilepsy in light of the conditions in these tropical countries.