34例穿孔食管癌的外科治疗体会

目的 总结穿孔食管癌的外科治疗经验.方法 回顾1990-2004年对34例穿孔食管癌临床治疗情况,男26例,女8例,年龄42～71岁;胸上段癌5例,胸中段16例,胸下段13例,穿孔直径0.3～1.2 cm;穿入总气管4例,左主支气管6例,右主支气管3例,左肺下叶3例,穿人纵隔16例,左肺上叶及左侧胸膜腔各1例.手术采用左后外开胸、左后外开胸开颈、右后外开胸开腹开颈三切口,食管癌切除同时行穿孔脏器修补或合并穿孔脏器切除.结果 34例无手术死亡,单纯开胸探查占15%(5/34),总切除率占85%(29/34);1、3、5年生存率分别为54%(13/24)、16%(3/19)、9%(1/11).结论 穿孔食管癌属晚期病例(T4).经严格选择,部分患者仍适宜进行外科手术治疗,术后综合治疗可延长生存期.     

立体定向放射治疗食管癌术后纵隔淋巴结转移

目的探讨胸段食管癌根治术后纵隔淋巴结转移的治疗方法，观察立体定向放射治疗食管癌术后纵隔淋巴结转移的疗效。方法对16例食管癌根治术后发生纵隔淋巴结转移患者应用立体定向放射治疗，照射剂量45～55Gy。结果16例1、2年生存率分别为81．3％(13／16)、43．7％(7／16)。结论食管癌根治术后发生纵隔淋巴结转移进行立体定向放射治疗安全有效，可以延长患者生存时间。     

立体定向放射治疗食管癌术后纵隔淋巴结转移

目的　探讨胸段食管癌根治术后纵隔淋巴结转移的治疗方法 ,观察立体定向放射治疗食管癌术后纵隔淋巴结转移的疗效。方法　对 16例食管癌根治术后发生纵隔淋巴结转移患者应用立体定向放射治疗 ,照射剂量 45～ 5 5Gy。结果　 16例 1、2年生存率分别为 81 3 % (13 / 16)、43 7% (7/ 16)。结论　食管癌根治术后发生纵隔淋巴结转移进行立体定向放射治疗安全有效 ,可以延长患者生存时间。     

食管下段癌腹腔淋巴结转移分析及手术方法的探讨——附35例报告

对食管下段癌腹腔淋巴结转移分析,国内报道较少。Akiyama报道中段食管癌的腹部淋巴结转移为32.9％(24/73),下段食管癌包括贲门癌的腹部淋巴结转移率为68.6％(24/35)(1)。我院外科自1973年10月～1983年9月,10年中,手术治疗食管癌276例,其中对35例食管下段癌进行根治手术切除。根据手术标本的病理检查,将这35例淋巴结转移情况及其临床意义并手术方法初步探讨报道如下。     

食管癌外科治疗的现状

食管癌外科治疗的现状邵令方我国吴英恺教授于１９４１年首次在我国开展食管癌外科治疗成功至今５０余年，到１９４９年全国解放时只有少数单位开展这种手术，食管癌、贲门癌外科治疗总例数全国不到５０例，而手术死亡率在３０％以上，５年生存率在１０％左右，解放后食管...     

食管癌术后局部复发的再手术治(附33例报告)

目的：评价食管癌术后局部复发的再手术治疗作用。方法：回顾性分析了３３例何妨主后再次手术治疗的结果。结果：平均复发时间１４个月。吻合口复发２０例,残留食管癌复发５例,纵隔癌残留复发侵及胸胃１例。２１例（６２％）于术后２年内复发。根治性切除２０例,姑息性切除６例,术后无瘤生存１年摧６例,３年内７便,７例无瘤生存５年以上。结论：首次手术应按外科肿瘤原则行扩大切除并提倡颈部吻合。局部复发者经适当选择,外科     

食管癌穿孔外科治疗通过鉴定

由山西省肿瘤医院张荣生、刘富才等５位同志研究的“食管癌穿孔的外科治疗”课题,已通过山西省科委专家鉴定。食管癌主要采用手术治疗。但当食管癌并发穿孔后,一般认为只宜保守治疗或姑息手术,预后较差,国外保守治疗平均生存时间为 １１至 １６周,国内报道转流术后１年生存率为１０．９％。张荣生、刘富才等对３３例食管癌穿孔病人采用以手术为主的综合治疗,即食管癌穿孔至纵隔,行食管癌切除,加穿孔区域的整体切除,食管癌穿孔至支气管和肺组织行联合脏器切除并最大限度清扫淋巴结,可达到根治性切除目的。通过观察,５年生存率达到…     

晚期食管癌外科治疗116例临床分析

目的：探讨晚期食管癌手术切除与预后的关系,方法：收集116例质差、病变范围广的晚期食管癌手术病例进行临床分析,结果：（1）116例晚期食管癌中,肿瘤切除加纵隔淋巴结清扫112例,切除率达96．5％,其中根治性切除占70％,非根治性切除28．5％,姑息性手术4．4％。（2）术后并发症13例,占11．2％,主要并发症为吻合口瘘、脓胸、肺部及切口感染,大出血、脑血栓等。4年生存率64．1％（25／39）,5年生礅率47．6％（10／21）。结论晚期食管癌治疗的首选方法仍是手术切除。     

食管癌术后继发颈和纵隔淋巴结转移的放射治疗

外科或放疗是难于治愈食管癌的,大多数报告五年生存率小于5%,但是经严格选择的外科治疗五年生存率高达25%。颈和纵隔淋巴结的外科清扫术其价值有限,本文拟说明鳞状细胞食管癌切除术后继发颈和纵隔淋巴结转移的治疗。作者自61年10月至77年12月对132例食管癌作了切除术,病人年龄36～74岁,中位年龄为60。肿瘤分类以鳞癌为主120例,12例为不常见的类型如燕麦细胞癌和囊性腺癌。91例鳞癌作了食管根治切除术和29例姑息切除。91例中9例术后生存不到一个月。手术死亡率为10%,其余82例,仅5例接受术前放疗,34例发生了继发的颈和纵隔淋巴结转移,其中18例进行了放疗。     

纵隔神经源性肿瘤临床病理特征和外科治疗

目的　探讨原发性纵隔神经源性肿瘤的临床病理特征和外科治疗原则。方法　总结125 例纵隔神经源性肿瘤的诊治经验。所有病例均经手术和病理证实。结果　神经源性肿瘤占同期原发性纵隔肿瘤及囊肿的22 .0 % (125/568) 。其中神经鞘瘤48 .9 % (61/125) ,神经纤维瘤27 .2 % (34/125) ,节细胞神经瘤13 .6 % (17/125) ,其他少见肿瘤10 .4 % (13/125) 。无临床症状而于查体时发现78例,占62 .4 % 。肿瘤位于后纵隔117 例。手术切除率98 .4 % (123/125) ,术后并发症发生率4 .0 % (5/125) ,手术死亡率0 .8 % 。恶性肿瘤的3 年生存率18 .2 % 。结论　纵隔神经源性肿瘤的临床特征与病理类型相关,无论良恶性均首选手术治疗,不同的病理类型有不同的预后。     

Second line prevention from esophageal cancer inhibitory therapy to block precancerous lesions

In 1983, for the purpose of prevention from esophageal cancer, inhibitory therapy was put on trial in Heshunxiang of Linxian (County), a high incidence area of esophageal cancer in China, to block cancerous changes in the esophageal precancerous lesions, with an expectation of cutting down the cancerous change rate of severe esophageal dysplasia by 50%. 6758 inhabitants aged 40–65 were examined by exfoliative cytology, 1728 and 2412 cases of severe and mild esophageal dysplastic patients were screened out. The former cases were randomized into 3 groups, to which antitumor B (Chinese herbs), retinamide I and placebo were given respectively. The mild dysplastic patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, to which riboflavin and placebo were given respectively. Medication rate was over 90%. Esophageal cytological check up examination was performed 3 years after the beginning of medication, with a check up examination rate as high as 94.1%. The results showed that the cancerous change rate in the antitumor B group was 3.9%, with a fall of 53% when compared with the control group (8.3%), with a significant statistical difference (X²=7.673, P<0.05). The esophageal cancerous change rate, when campared with the control group, fell by 33.7% and 19% in the retinamide I and riboflavin groups respectively. The regression rate in the therapeutic groups were also higher than that of the control groups. Therefore, the inhibitory effect of antitumor B is well confirmed, and this method is worthwhile to be popularized in high risk areas of esophageal cancer.     

Measures for improving therapeutic results of esophageal carcinoma in stage III: preoperative radiotherapy

Surgical therapeutic results of esophageal carcinoma stage III in 245 cases admitted to our hospital from 1966 to 1982 are reported in this paper. In this series, 171 cases were treated by surgery alone and 74 cases treated with a combination of preoperative radiotherapy and surgery. Of the entire group, 184 cases underwent gastroesophagostomy or colon interposition for esophageal reconstruction preceded by resection of the cancerous esophageal segment. The resectability rate was 75.1%, and the resection operative mortality rate was 7.1%. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 30.0 and 25.8%, respectively. In the group of 171 cases treated by surgery alone, the resectability rate was 73.1% (125/171), and the resectability in the middle third esophageal carcinoma was only 64.7% (44/68), while in the group of 74 cases treated by combination treatment, the resectability increased to 79.7% (59/74) and the resectability in the middle third esophageal carcinoma increased to 79.3% (46/58). The 5-year survival rate in the combination-therapy group (60.1%) was 42.9% higher than that of the group treated by surgery alone (17.2%) (p less than 0.01). However, the differences in the rates of resection operative mortality and operative complications between these two groups were not significant. Therefore, we think that preoperative radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma in stage III is an effective measure for improving resectability and survival rate.     

Prognostic significance of lymphocyte infiltration following preoperative chemoradiotherapy and hyperthermia for esophageal cancer

Purpose: Lymphocyte infiltration (LI) around cancerous lesions is an important immune response. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prognostic significance of LI after preoperative treatment for esophageal cancer.

Methods and Materials: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CR therapy), either bleomycin 30 mg or cisplatin 120 mg/m² plus radiation 30 Gy, was performed on 51 cases with esophageal cancer, while hyperthermo-chemoradiotherapy (HCR therapy) was also indicated in 71 cases. Using resected specimens, both the histopathologic effectiveness and degree of LI to cancerous lesions were evaluated.

Results: The incidences of the cases in which preoperative treatment was effective were 56% and 92.3% in LI (−) and LI (++) group (p < 0.05). The presence of LI resulted in favorable prognosis; the 5-year survival rates of LI (++) and LI (+) patients were 75.5% and 46.1%, both of which were significantly better than LI (−) (27.8%, p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Especially among cases whose preoperative treatment was moderately effective, a multivariate analysis revealed LI to be a favorable prognostic factor independent of other clinicopathologic factors (p = 0.0171). Regarding the preoperative treatment, the incidence of LI (++) was higher in the HCR group (16.9%) than in the CR group (2.0%, p < 0.01).

Conclusions: LI appears to be a prognostic predictor after preoperative CR therapy while, in addition, simultaneous hyperthermia may stimulate LI in cases with esophageal cancer.     

超声内镜检查在食管癌术前临床分期的应用价值

背景与目的:食管癌术前临床分期对选择合理治疗方案至关重要,超声内镜(endoscopicultrasonography,EUS)对食管癌T、N分期诊断准确率高,目前已成为国外食管癌治疗前的常规诊断方法。本研究对食管癌超声内镜检查与手术病理结果进行对照研究,以评价其在食管癌术前临床分期中应用价值。方法:对72例食管癌患者行术前EUS检查及术后病理检查,按UICC(1997)TNM分期标准分期,将EUS分期结果和手术病理分期结果进行对照研究。结果:食管癌术前EUS检查T、N分期的诊断准确率分别为80.6%(58/72)、88.9%(64/72)。T0期诊断准确率为50.0%(2/4),T1期为75.0%(3/4),T2期为70.6%(12/17),T3期为90.0%(36/40),T4期为71.4%(5/7);N0期诊断准确率为92.3%(36/39),N1期为84.8%(28/33),其中纵隔淋巴结和腹部淋巴结诊断准确率分别为90.0%和64.5%。EUST分期、N分期结果与病理分期结果有显著相关性(r=0.687,P<0.001;r=0.776,P<0.001)。EUS检查判断分期不准确的22例中,T分期14例,其中8例难以鉴别T2、T3;N分期8例,其中5例为难以鉴别炎性淋巴结和转移淋巴结。结论:EUS对食管癌术前T、N分期诊断准确率较高,其中对T3期食管癌和纵隔淋巴结诊断价值尤其高;准确鉴别T2和T3分期、转移淋巴结和炎性淋巴结及正确诊断腹部淋巴结转移是提高EUS诊断率的重点和难点。     

癌性心包积液的二维超声心动图分析

本文报告43例癌性心包税液的超声表现,其中原发于肺癌者23例,纵隔恶性肿瘤5例,乳腺癌4例,食道贲门癌6例,原发癌灶不明者5例。31例作X线检查,11例作CT扫描,23例心包穿刺。本文分析43例癌性与36例非癌性心包积液的区别,探讨癌性心包积液的二维超声显像依据与病理学基础。本文认为,二维超声心动图对鉴别癌性与非癌性心包积液有重要参考价值。     

Detection of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus and Human Papillomavirus in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Non-Cancerous Esophageal Samples in Northern Iran

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the hypothesized causes of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the etiological association remains uncertain. It was postulated that other infectious agents together with HPV may increase the risk of ESCC. The current investigation aimed to explore the presence of a new human tumor virus, Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), together with HPV in ESCC tumors and non-cancerous esophageal samples in northern Iran. In total, 96 esophageal samples (51 with ESCC, and 45 without esophageal malignancy) were examined. HPV DNA was detected in esophageal specimens of 16 out of the 51 ESCC cases (31.4 %) and 20 out of the 45 non-cancerous samples (44.4 %). Untypable HPV genotypes were recognized in high rates in cancerous (75.0 %) and non-cancerous (55.0 %) esophageal specimens. MCPyV DNA was detected in esophageal specimens of 23 out of the 51 ESCC cases (45.1 %) and 16 out of the 45 non-cancerous samples (35.6 %). The mean MCPyV DNA copy number was 1.0 × 10^?5 ± 2.4 × 10^?5 and 6.0 × 10^?6 ± 1.3 × 10^?5 per cell in ESCC cases and non-cancerous samples, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between cancerous and non-cancerous samples regarding mean MCPyV DNA load (P = 0.353). A bayesian logistic regression model adjusted to the location of esophageal specimen and MCPyV infection, revealed a significant association between HPV and odds of ESCC (OR, 2.45; 95 % CI: 1.01–6.16). This study provides the evidence of the detection of the MCPyV DNA at a low viral copy number in cancerous and non- cancerous esophageal samples.     

食管和贲门癌及癌前病变患者血清中多个自身抗体的检测及其临床意义

目的:探讨食管和贲门癌及癌前病变患者血清中多个肿瘤相关自身抗体的变化特征及其在食管和贲门癌高危人群筛查和早期诊断中的意义。方法:应用间接酶联免疫反应法和肿瘤相关抗原微阵列(包含8个重组的癌抗原蛋白:C-myc、p53、cyclinB1、p16、p62、Koc、IMP1和Survivin)检测376例食管和贲门各级病变患者(正常、癌前病变和癌)血清中的自身抗体。结果:在所检测的八种抗原中,p53、C-myc、cyclinB1、IMP1和p62从正常食管到癌前病变及癌患者血清中和p53、C-myc、p16、p62在正常贲门到癌前病变及癌患者血清中阳性百分率均具有线性升高趋势。单一抗体对食管和贲门癌检出率较低,p53在癌血清中的表达阳性率在所有抗原中最高,在食管癌和贲门癌患者中分别为23%(13/57)和21%(9/43)。但是,当应用8个抗原分析时,至少有1个反应为阳性时,其检出阳性率明显增高,食管和贲门癌的阳性检出率分别提高到63%(36/57)和61%(26/43),上述检测指标在正常食管和贲门与相应各级癌前病变和癌患者阳性表达率差异有统计学意义,P<0·05。结论:联合应用多个肿瘤相关抗原比应用单个肿瘤相关抗原分析食管和贲门癌及癌前病变患者血清中的自身抗体变化能够提高癌和癌前病变患者的检出率。食管和贲门癌多个相关抗原微阵列的进一步优化有可能成为临床上食管和贲门癌和高危人群检测和早期诊断的非侵袭性方法。     

癌性食管严重狭窄和闭塞的内支架植入临床观察

 目的　探讨内支架植入在食管癌严重狭窄和闭塞中的治疗作用。方法　1995年以来,我们对23例食管癌严重狭窄和闭塞的患者(其中9例伴有食管-气管瘘)进行了放射介入治疗,即食管病变处植入被膜自膨胀式金属内支架,并进行了短期(1～9个月)观察。结果　除1例植入失败外,余22例均一次性植入成功,进食得以恢复或明显改善,痿口堵塞成功,感染得到控制。结论　内支架植入在食管癌严重狭窄和闭塞的姑息治疗中有积极意义,是提高晚期食管癌患者生存质量的一个安全而有效的方法。     

经右胸途径颈段、胸上段食管癌切除并三区淋巴结清扫术的外科治疗评价

目的 评价经右胸途径颈段、胸上段食管癌切除并三区淋巴结清扫术的临床意义。方法 采用颈、胸、腹三切口，同时进行颈、胸、腹三区淋巴结清扫，治疗颈、胸上段食管癌104例。总结并探讨颈部及上纵隔淋巴结转移规律。分析病变长度、外侵程度与切除率的关系及主要并发症的危险性。结果 颈部及最上纵隔(右胸顶)淋巴结转移率及转移度分别为47．11％(49／104)及13．27％(114／859)。其中，左气管旁淋巴结分别为17．31％(18／104)及11．46％(25／218)；左颈深下淋巴结分别为7．69％(8／104)及8．13％(17／209)；右气管旁淋巴结分别为12．50％(13／104)及10．61％(19／179)；右颈深下淋巴结分别为11．54％(12／104)及11．86％(21／177)；右胸顶淋巴结分别为17．30％(18／104)及42．10％(32／76)。全组手术切除率为100．00％(104／104)。主要并发症：吻合口瘘发生率为16．34％(17／104)；肺部并发症发生率为8．65％(9／104)；喉返神经损伤发生率为9．6196(10／104)；上消化道梗阻发生率为0．9696(1／104)；死于肺部并发症所致的呼吸衰竭2例，病死率为1.92％(2／104)。结论 经右胸途径食管癌切除并三区淋巴结清扫术是治疗颈、胸上段食管癌较为有效的手术方式。     

56例同时性多原发食管鳞癌淋巴结转移因素分析

目的:探讨同时性多原发食管鳞癌(synchronous multiple primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,SMESC)淋巴结转移的特点及预后因素。方法:收集2011年1月至2018年12月收治的56例SMESC患者的临床病例资料,回顾分析各部位的淋巴结转移率,研究不同癌灶浸润深度、长度等因素对淋巴结转移的影响。结果:56例SMESC患者中34例有淋巴结转移,淋巴结转移率为60.7%,颈部、上、下纵隔和腹部的淋巴结转移率分别为16.7%、34.7%、32.7%和38.2%。不同癌灶部位淋巴结转移规律不同,但在上、下纵隔及腹部均有广泛转移。单因素分析结果显示,淋巴结转移与癌灶长度及浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果表明,原发癌灶浸润深度和清扫淋巴结数目是淋巴结转移的独立预后因素。结论:食管癌McKeown术式及系统淋巴结清扫是目前治疗SMESC的最佳治疗手段。