非综合征型遗传性耳聋两家系线粒体基因突变分析

目的 探讨母系遗传非综合征型耳聋发病机理及7445^G点突变在这类家系及散发感音神经性耳聋病例中的发生率，为建立相应的基因诊断方法提供依据。方法 收集两个母系遗传非综合征型耳聋家系和14个感音神经性耳聋散发病例；抽外周血标本，从白细胞中提取DNA；聚合酶链反应扩增线粒体DNA（mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA）目的片段，分别以Alw 26Ⅰ、ApaⅠ及XbaⅠ限制性内切酶检测1555^G、3243^G及7445^G点突变；行mtDNA 12S r RNA、tRNA^Leu(UUR)、tRNA^Ser(UCN)基因测序。结果 经酶切检测，两家系中12例为7445^G点突变阳性，其余6例及14例散发病例均为阴性，所有病例1555^G、3243^G点突变均阴性；7445^G点突变呈母系遗传。mtDNA测序显示，所有病例1555^G、3243^G点突变均阴性；酶切显示为7445^G突变阳性病例经基因测序均发现有（nt)7445A→G替换。结论 7445^G点突变在母系遗传非综合征型耳聋家系中有较高的发生率，而在散发病例中发生率很低；7445^G结合1555^G点7突变筛查对这类耳聋的诊断有重要意义。     

一个母系遗传非综合征型耳聋家系线粒体12S rRNA G709A位点的突变分析

目的 通过对一个母系遗传非综合征型耳聋家系进行线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)12S rRNA、tRNA~(Ser(UCN))以及核基因GJB2突变分析,研究mtDNA突变与遗传性耳聋的相关性.方法 临床听力测试以明确诊断,收集非综合征型遗传性耳聋家系中18例母系成员和53名对照(包括6名父系亲属、7名配偶对照和40名当地无关对照)外周静脉血样本,采用聚合酶链反应和测序技术对mtDNA 12S rRNA、tRNA~(ser(UCN))和GJB2基因进行突变分析,并对发现的基因突变进行计算机辅助的二级结构模拟分析.结果 测序结果表明,此家系线粒体DNA 12S rRNA存在mtDNA G709A点突变,该突变未见报道;无tRNA~(Ser(UCN))基因突变;对GJB2突变分析发现4例具有299-300 delAT.计算机分析显示12SrRNA的二级结构中第8、9茎环结构发生改变.结论 家系中8例耳聋患者都具有线粒体12S rRNAG709A位点的突变,该突变在正常人群中具有高度保守性,提示GT09A点突变与母系遗传家系成员的进行性耳聋具有相关性;10例具有G709A突变的母系遗传家系成员未出现耳聋的临床表现,提示G709A点突变可能在其他核修饰基因的协同作用下参与了听力损害的过程.     

两个携带线粒体12S rRNA 1494C>T突变的耳聋家系的遗传学特征

Objective To evaluate the effect of mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) secondary mutations,haplotypes,GJB2 gene mutations on phenotype of 1494C ＞ T mutation,and to study the molecular pathogenic mechanism of ma...     

7个非综合征型耳聋家系患者的mtDNA A1555G突变分析

目的探讨非综合征型耳聋家系患者mtDNA A1555G突变及其临床特征。方法应用聚合酶链反应、限制性核酸内切酶酶切和DNA测序技术对7个非综合征型耳聋家系112个成员的mtDNA A1555G突变进行检测，并分析听力临床资料。结果7个家系中所有受检的母系成员mtDNA A1555G突变均为阳性，突变性质含同质性和异质性二种；非母系成员及配偶该突变为阴性。突变的性质与临床表型的有关。结论mtDNA A1555G突变可导致非综合征型耳聋和氨基糖苷类抗生素致聋，其突变性质含均质性和异质性两种，且与临床表型相关。     

七个非综合征型耳聋家系患者的mtDNA A1555G突变性质与特点

目的 探讨非综合征型耳聋家系患者mtDNA A1555G突变性质及其特点,探索临床表型多样性的分子遗传学基础.方法 应用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态和实时荧光-扩增阻碍突变系统-定量PCR(real time-amplification refractory mutation system-quantitative PCR,RT-ARMS-qPCR)检测7个非综合征型耳聋家系71个成员的mtDNA A1555G突变,并收集、分析其临床资料.结果 7个家系中所有受检的母系成员mtDNA A1555G突变均为阳性,突变性质含同质性和异质性两种;非母系成员及配偶该突变为阴性.7个家系mtDNA A1555G同质性突变的拷贝数与耳聋轻重程度相关(R=0.341,P=0.022);mtDNA A1555G异质性突变的拷贝数与耳聋轻重程度相关(R=0.85,P=0.015).结论 mtDNA A1555G突变可导致非综合征型耳聋和氨基糖甙类抗生素致聋,其突变性质含同质性和异质性两种,且含mtDNA A1555G位点的突变型与野生型的比例与耳聋的严重程度密切相关.     

近亲结婚所致非综合征型耳聋家系的线粒体基因突变分析

目的对一个呈母系遗传的非综合征型耳聋大家系进行线粒体DNA的突变检测。方法收集湖南省一个非综合征型遗传性耳聋家系成员外周静脉血，提取基因组DNA（含线粒体DNA），设计特异性引物对目的片段进行PCR扩增，直接测序检测突变类型。结果测序结果显示，线粒体12S rRNA基因A1555G突变为该家系的致病突变，非母系成员不存在这一突变。结论该家系中部分成员使用氨基糖甙类抗生素后出现耳聋，可能是因为药物与线粒体12S rRNA基因的A1555G突变共同参与了听力损伤过程。     

12个非综合征型遗传性耳聋家系mtDNA12SrRNA，tRNA^Leu（UUR）,tRNA^Ser（UCN）及16SrRNA基因序列分析

目的 探讨mtDNA突变与遗传性耳聋的关系。以及突变家系对氨基糖甙类抗生素（aminoglycoside antibiotic,AmAn)耳毒敏感性差异的原因。方法 调查了12个非综合征型耳聋家系;抽取外周血,提取DNA;PCR扩增线粒体DNA9mitochondrialDNA,mtDNA)目的片段,分别以Alw26Ⅰ、ApaⅠ及XbaⅠ限制性内切酶检测1555^G、3243^G及7445^G点突变,行mtDNA12SrRNA,tRNA^Leu(UUR)、tRNA^Ser(UCN)及16SrRNA基因序列测定。结果 经酶切及测序证实12个家系具有mtDNA突变,形式为：1555^G突变家系10个,7445^G突变家系2个,示发现3243^G突变家系,基因测序显示mtDNA16SrRNA基因6序列变化形式为：2230^G点突变,2230^AG插入,2243^AG插入及2230^AA插入突变,它们在家族性AmAn耳毒敏感性家系中被发现,且呈母系遗传;在AmAn不敏感家系中未被发现,结论 单纯1555^G或7445^G突变家系表现为无诱因的渐进性遗传性耳聋或先天性聋;1555^G或7445^G突变合并16SrRNA基因突变者对AmAn高度敏感,表现为家族性敏感致聋。ⅠⅠ     

线粒体DNA A1555G和961 insC双重突变导致的非综合征型遗传性耳聋

目的探讨一个非综合征型遗传性耳聋大家系线粒体DNA(mitoehondrial DNA，mtDNA)突变类型。方法临床听力测试已明确诊断，并收集非综合征型遗传性耳聋分支家系中33人及6例散发聋患者的外周静脉血样本，从白细胞中提取DNA，聚合酶链反应扩增mtDNA目的片段，分别用BsmA I、Apa I及Xba I限制性内切酶检测1555G、3243G和7445G点突变，对相关的扩增片段进行基因测序。结果酶切检测，家系中17例耳聋患者均为1555G点突变阳性，非母系成员及散发聋病例均为阴性。测序结果：6例酶切显示1555G突变阳性病例均发现(nt)1555A→G转换和(nt)961C插入，3243G、7445G点突变阴性。结论在该非综合征型遗传性耳聋大家系中，mtDNA 12SrRNA基因区域A1555G和961insC的双重突变可能共同参与了听力损害的过程。     

线粒体12S rRNA基因突变与2型糖尿病

目的 观察线粒体12S rRNA 1310、1438及1442位点在中国汉族2型糖尿病患者群体中的突变情况,同时筛查该区域与2型糖尿病发生有关的突变。方法 采用PDR－SSCP及PCR产物直接测序等技术对86例2型糖尿病患者及70名正常对照个体的血细胞线粒体DNA进行突变分析。结果 发现1例患者线粒体DNA 12S rRNA基因1438位点存在G→A的点突变,另1例存在1442位点G→A的点突变,所有对照个体均未发现该两位点的突变。未发现线粒体基因12S rRNA 1310位点C→T点突变。结论 1438位点G→A、1442位点G→A的突变可能与2型糖尿病的发生相关,该两位点突变的具体意义如何尚需进一步研究。1310位点C→T在血细胞中的突变率可能较低,进一步说明2型糖尿病的发生在线粒体遗传上具有一定的异质性。     

4023例新生儿耳聋基因线粒体12S rRNA突变的研究

目的本研究通过对新生儿耳聋基因线粒体12S rRNA突变的检测,为预防药物性耳聋的可行性提供支持。方法对4023例新生儿采用飞行时间质谱检测技术进行耳聋基因线粒体12S rRNA的检测,检测位点包括A1555G和C1494T。结果4023例新生儿耳聋基因检测结果中共发现5例12S rRNA A1555G纯合突变,突变比例为0．12％。结论耳聋基因线粒体12SrRNA的检测对预防药物性耳聋具有重大意义,倡导对新生儿进行耳聋基因线粒体12S rRNA筛查的理念。     

12个非综合征型遗传性耳聋家系mtDNA12SrRNA,tRNA~(Leu(UUR)),tRNA~(Ser(UCN))及16SrRNA基因序列分析

目的　探讨 mt DNA突变与遗传性耳聋的关系 ,以及突变家系对氨基糖甙类抗生素(aminoglycoside antibiotic,Am An)耳毒敏感性差异的原因。方法　调查了 12个非综合征型耳聋家系 ;抽取外周血 ,提取 DNA;PCR扩增线粒体 DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mt DNA)目的片段 ,分别以 Alw2 6 、Apa 及 Xba 限制性内切酶检测 15 5 5 G、32 43G及 744 5 G 点突变 ;行 mt DNA 12 S r RNA、t RNALeu(UUR) 、t RNASer(UCN)及 16 S r RNA基因序列测定。结果　经酶切及测序证实 12个家系具有 mt DNA突变 ,形式为 :15 5 5 G突变家系 10个 ,744 5 G突变家系 2个 ,未发现 32 43G 突变家系。基因测序显示 mt DNA 16 S r RNA基因序列变化形式为 :2 2 30 G点突变、2 2 30 AG插入、2 2 43AG插入及 2 2 30 AA插入突变 ,它们在家族性 Am An耳毒敏感性家系中被发现 ,且呈母系遗传 ;在 Am An不敏感家系中未被发现。结论　单纯 15 5 5 G或 744 5 G突变家系表现为无诱因的渐进性遗传性耳聋或先天性聋 ;15 5 5 G或 744 5 G突变合并 16 S r RNA基因突变者对Am An高度敏感 ,表现为家族性敏感致聋。     

Mitochondrial deafness

Non-syndromic deafness can be caused by mutations in both nuclear and mitochondrial genes. More than 50 nuclear genes have been shown to be involved in non-syndromic hearing loss, but mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) might also cause hearing impairment. As mitochondria are responsible for oxidative phosphorylation, the primary energy-producing system in all eukaryotic cells, mitochondrial dysfunction has pleiotropic effects. Many mutations in mtDNA can lead to multisystem disorders, such as Kearns-Sayre syndrome, NARP, MELAS, or MERRF syndromes, the presentation of which may include hearing loss. A more specific association of mitochondrially inherited deafness and diabetes known as MIDD syndrome can be caused by a limited number of specific mitochondrial mutations. In addition, several rare mutations in the mitochondrial MTTS1 and MTRNR1 genes have been found to be responsible for non-syndromic hearing loss. The most frequent form of non-syndromic deafness is presbyacusis, affecting more than 50% of the elderly. This age-related hearing loss is a paradigm for multifactorial inheritance, involving a multitude of inherited and acquired mutations in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, each with a low penetrance, in complex interplay with environmental factors, such as ototoxic medication, that accumulate with age. This study reviews the different mitochondrial mutations, leading to syndromic and especially non-syndromic deafness.     

Level of heteroplasmy for the mitochondrial mutation A3243G correlates with age at onset of diabetes and deafness

The mitochondrial mutation A3243G has been shown to be associated with a syndrome of diabetes mellitus and sensorineural hearing loss. Using a solid-phase-based sequencing method we have investigated the relation between the proportion of mutant mitochondrial genomes and the time of disease onset among members of three families where the mutation segregates. A striking association was observed between the level of heteroplasmy and time of onset of disease, particularly hearing loss. Accordingly, this syndrome shares features of diseases caused by dynamic mutations in that variable transmission of the level of heteroplasmy between generations influences disease severity. Hum Mutat 12:52–58, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Mitochondrial A7445G mutation in two pedigrees with palmoplantar keratoderma and deafness

A New Zealand and a Scottish pedigree with maternally inherited sensorineural deafness were both previously shown to carry a heteroplasmic A7445G mutation in the mitochondrial genome. More detailed clinical examination of the New Zealand family showed that the hearing loss was progressive, with the severity of the overall loss and the frequencies most affected differing markedly between individuals of similar age, and showed that many relatives also had palmoplantar keratoderma. Review of the literature demonstrated three other large families with presumed autosomal dominant inheritance of palmoplantar keratoderma and hearing loss. In a United Kingdom pedigree the syndrome was transmitted by female and male parents, an inheritance pattern which made mitochondrial inheritance unlikely; however, in a Turkish and a Japanese pedigree the affected individuals were all maternally related. Subsequent analysis of the Japanese pedigree documented the same A7445G mitochondrial mutation as was previously found in the New Zealand and Scottish pedigrees. Other mitochondrial sequence variants previously reported in the New Zealand or Scottish pedigrees were absent from the Japanese pedigree which suggests that the A7445G mutation arose independently in all three pedigrees. To our knowledge palmoplantar keratoderma has not previously been associated with mitochondrial defects; however, the current findings suggest that the A7445G mutation is associated not only with progressive hearing loss but also with palmoplantar keratoderma. The penetrance and expressivity of both symptoms varied considerably between individuals in the Scottish and New Zealand Studies which suggests that additional environmental and/or genetic factors are involved. Am. J. Med. Genet. 75:179–185, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

两个有血缘关系的常染色体显性非综合性耳聋家系基因突变分析

目的 对两个有血缘关系的常染色体显性非综合性耳聋家系进行基因定位及突变分析,确定其致病基因.方法 通过家系调查和临床检查,鉴定了两个有血缘关系的常染色体显性非综合性耳聋大家系.并对已知位点及基因进行连锁分析,对致病基因在染色体上进行定位.PCR扩增候选基因MYH14基因的所有外显子和外显子-内含子交界区,直接测序法进行突变检测.结果 将这两个家系的致病基因定位于DFNA4位点,最大连锁值为4.94.具有统计学意义.突变检测发现MYH14基因的杂合突变c.359T>C(p.S120L),DNA直接测序确证两家系的所有患者均携带该突变,而家系中正常人则均不携带该突变.结论 第1次在中国非综合性耳聋家系中发现MYH14基因的突变,表明MYH14基因突变也是导致中国人非综合性耳聋的原因.     

120例非综合征性耳聋患者线粒体A1555G和Cl494T突变分析

目的分析温州地区120例耳聋患者的致聋原因,并探讨线粒体ONA（mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA）12S rRNA基因A1555G和C1494T突变与耳聋之间的关系。方法对我院收集的120例耳聋患者进行分子流行病学的调查,并针对线粒体1555和1494位点进行引物设计,通过PCR扩增,产物Sanger测序后比对标准序列,检测A1555G和C1494T突变的频率以及和患者使用氨基糖苷类抗生素的相关性。结果在120例重度耳聋患者中具有氨基糖苷类抗生素用药史的有66例（55％）,家族性遗传耳聋有22例（18．3％）,近亲结婚可能致聋有10例（8．3％）,不明原因的耳聋有22例（18．3％）;我们还发现,有9例患者携带线粒体A1555G突变,突变的阳性率为7．5％,1例携带C1494T突变,阳性率为0．83％,这10例患者均有用药史。结论遗传因素和氨基糖苷类用药史是导致耳聋的重要原因,其中Al555G突变和C1494T突变是耳聋较为常见的线粒体DNA突变,这对早期诊断和预防药物性耳聋具有一定的临床意义。