一种基于AT89S52芯片的新型医用头灯的设计

目的设计一种新型医用头灯,满足不同医疗条件下对光照的要求。方法新型医用头灯设计主要包括3部分:外观设计、光学系统设计和电路系统设计。采用大功率LED为点光源,主控电路采用AT89S52芯片为处理器,通过可编程控制技术,实现对医用头灯进行智能控制,保持其亮度稳定。结果经过临床测试,新型医用头灯聚光效果好,聚光光斑可调,手动控制光亮;把头带和电源接在一起,实现无线化,整个新型头灯重量轻,便于携带。能够满足临床使用,且各项参数高于行业标准。结论新型医用头灯克服了传统手术头灯外观比较笨重、结构比较复杂、使用不便等缺点,适合医院的各种外科手术使用。     

新型医用头灯在耳鼻喉、头颈外科的使用和维护

目的介绍新型医用头灯在耳鼻喉、头颈外科的使用和维护。方法比较传统医用头灯和新型医用头灯在耳鼻喉、头颈外科中的使用和维护,可以得出,新型医用头灯采用人体工学设计的头带,结构精巧,无任何外接连线;灯头方向可调且定位稳定,配置有双目放大镜,可清晰放大物象,使用非常简便。结果经过临床使用,新型医用头灯更加能够满足耳鼻喉、头颈手术的需要。结论新型医用头灯非常适合在大多数医疗应用。     

医用分子筛制氧设备的临床应用

分析了麻醉科、ICU、高压氧科等科室用氧医疗设备以及普通病房用氧情况,阐述了医用分子筛制氧设备的工作原理,对临床应用效果进行了评估。结果表明,医用分子筛制氧设备具有低压安全、高效节能、操作简便、全自动运行等性能特点,完全能够满足临床的需要,其应用开创了现代化医院供氧新局面。     

医院耗材管理现状与对策探讨

介绍了对医用耗材进行管理的重要性,从费用、使用、计费方式、信息化管控等方面分析了目前医用耗材管理的现状,提出了增强人员管控意识、健全管控制度、拓展管控信息化手段以及提升决策科学化水平等对策,对降低医疗成本、减轻患者负担以及提高医院的经济效益等方面具有重要的意义。     

医用器材临床工程师培养探讨

分析了国内临床工程师的现状,提出了医用器材临床工程师的概念及培养意义。结合某院开展的一系列工作,探讨了一种符合国情的医用器材临床工程师的培养途径和方法,使医用器材管理从规范化走向专业化,对其他医院医用器材临床工程师的培养具有重要的借鉴意义。     

新型医用敷料的作用原理及应用现状

该研究通过调研目前临床应用新型医用敷料的类型与特点,介绍医用敷料的作用原理,旨在为临床科学选择医用敷料提供参考。     

医用负压刀(MVK)的研制

主要介绍了一种用于肝脏手术的新型医疗器械医用负压刀的原理及研制过程,以及负压刀在肝胆外科临床应用方面较其他方法的优势。     

医用耗材管理探讨

目的:探讨医用耗材规范化管理的相关要求与方法。方法:从医用耗材的分类管理、引进管理、采购管理、物流与库存管理以及质量控制管理等方面,对医用耗材实施科学、高效、全面的系统管理。结果:通过对医用耗材的规范化管理,优化了物流管理、规范了采购流程、降低了医疗耗材的成本、保证了医疗质量和患者安全。结论:提高医院内医用耗材管理水平、降低医疗成本、加快资金的周转对促进医院可持续发展具有重要意义。     

一种新型医用下肢康复支具的研制

本文阐述了一种新型医用下肢康复支具的研制过程。该装置主要由承重装置、负重装置、负重调节装置以及压力检测装置等结构组成,具有调节、设定以及控制负重载荷等功能,可使行内固定术后的下肢骨折患者早期进行负重、行走功能锻炼,促进其骨折愈合及肢体功能康复,减少术后并发症,具有一定的实用价值。     

绩效评估体系下的医院耗材管理

随着新型医用材料广泛应用于临床,医用耗材成为继药品之后政府、医疗机构及患者的关注焦点。医用耗材因其分 类细、专业性强,更新换代迅速等特点,给日常管理造成较大难度。针对医用耗材管理的现状和不足,探索通过绩效指标体系的 建立来完善管理,减少漏洞,促进医院控制耗材成本,提升管理水平。     

Stainless steel cookware as a significant source of nickel,chromium, and iron

Stainless steels are widely used materials in food preparation and in home and commercial cookware. Stainless is readily attacked by organic acids, particularly at cooking temperatures; hence iron, chromium, and nickel should be released from the material into the food. Nickel is implicated in numerous health problems, notably allergic contact dermatitis. Conversely, chromium and iron are essential nutrients for which stainless could be a useful source. Home cookware was examined by atomic absorption spectroscopy: seven different stainless utensils as well as cast iron, mild steel, aluminum and enamelled steel. The materials were exposed to mildly acidic conditions at boiling temperature. Nickel was a major corrosion product from stainless steel utensils; chromium and iron were also detected. It is recommended that nickel-sensitive patients switch to a material other than stainless, and that the stainless steel cookware industry seriously consider switching to a non-nickel formulation.     

Diffusion chromizing of medical equipment parts made of carbon steels

Chromizing improves physicochemical and mechanical properties of carbon steels. In some instances, for the treatment of medical pieces made of carbon steels chromizing is advisable rather than electroplating and chemical-conversion plating as well as the use of stainless steels.     

Method of electrochemical studies on the effect of corrosive media on the corrosion resistance of medical instruments

Considerations are given to some methodical problems, and corrosion performance of stainless steels 30 X 13 and 03X11H10 M2T2 used for production of medical instruments is studied by using the method of anode polarization curves. The treatment in hydrogen peroxide is shown to exert a distinct passivating effect on surfaces of the steels under study. Among the bioactive media the plasma substituting agent gelatinol is the most aggressive. When studying the corrosion resistance of metals by potentiostatic methods the physiological solution imitating the blood is proposed to be used as an operating medium.     

表面磁性膜支架植入后对血管壁炎症反应的影响

目的研究表面磁性膜医用316L不锈钢支架对血管壁炎症反应的影响。方法通过动物体内支架植入,采用蛋白免疫印迹（Western blotting）技术对两支架血管壁炎症因子细胞间黏附分子1（ICAM-1）、白介素6（IL-6）的蛋白合成情况进行分析。结果表面磁性膜支架与普通裸支架相比可以抑制ICAM-1和IL-6蛋白合成从而发挥抑制血管壁炎症反应的作用,且效应至少可以维持3个月。结论该发现可能是其抗血管再狭窄的机制之一。     

湖北省医疗机构医疗废物管理现状调查

目的调查湖北省医疗机构医疗废物的管理现状,并提出改进对策。方法依据相关规范自行设计调查问卷,采用随机分层抽样方法于2015年4月实地调查湖北省75所医院医疗废物管理情况,获得有效问卷73份。结果73所医院的医疗废物管理软硬件建设基本符合规范要求,组织与制度管理、科室分类处置情况各项合格率均在90%以上;83.56%（61/73）的医院开展了医疗废物最佳环境实践相关宣传;减少使用一次性医疗器械、用品品种达40余种;76.71%（56/73）的医院输液软袋都交由签约公司回收利用;医院病理科的化学性废液交危险废物处置中心处理的仅占21.54%（14/65）;骨科钢板处置方法不一, 56.16%（41/73）的医院将其作为医疗废物,仅35.62%（26/73）的医院告知患者处置方式,与患者签署知情同意书。结论湖北省医疗机构医疗废物管理已逐步得到重视,但对于特殊类别的医疗废物处置,如输液袋（瓶）、骨科钢板、病理科化学性废液处置均存在不同程度的问题,仍需加大培训,进一步规范医疗废物分类处置。     

新型野战便携式医用洗手装置的研制

目的：针对现有装备存在的缺陷,根据野战医疗救护实际工作的需要,研制一套新型野战便携式医用洗手装置.方法：采用防水帆布辅以薄壁高强度不锈钢管骨架制作水槽,配置红外触发单稳式电磁阀水龙头、红外触发脉冲式洗涤剂和消毒剂贮槽,安装快速接头进排水管,用防水帆布制作废水贮囊.结果：新型野战便携式医用洗手装置可折叠,易收拢,质量小,方便贮运携行;清洗用水和洗涤与消毒剂开关无需触碰,可防止交叉污染;具有快速给排水管接头,拆卸简单快捷.结论：该洗手装置获得国家实用新型专利授权,多次在演习或训练中试用,得到广泛好评.     

Particle bounce in a personal cascade impactor: a field evaluation

The collection characteristics of five types of substrates (collection surfaces) used in personal cascade impactors were evaluated for particle bounce in the laboratory with lead dioxide dust, and in the field with brass pouring fume and brass grinding dust. The substrates tested were uncoated stainless steel, silicon grease-coated stainless steel, oil-saturated Millipore membrane filter, oil-saturated Teflon membrane filter and oil-saturated sintered stainless steel. The use of coated and uncoated stainless steel plates to collect lead dioxide dust produced no difference in measured mass median diameter (MMD); however, with brass grinding dust, there was a 50% decrease in measured MMD when uncoated stainless steel substrates were used, as compared with coated stainless steel substrates. Oil-saturated Millipore membrane surfaces gave consistently lower MMDs than coated stainless steel surfaces. Coated and uncoated stainless steel gave similar MMDs when used to sample brass pouring fume. Oil-saturated Teflon membrane and oil-saturated sintered metal, surfaces for which the collection efficiency is presumed to be independent of the particle loading, gave MMDs similar to those measured for grease-coated stainless steel. The implications of these comparisons are discussed. It is concluded that bounce characteristics are strongly dependent on aerosol material and the suitability of collection surfaces needs to be determined by field evaluation.     

Potential use of copper as a hygienic surface; problems associated with cumulative soiling and cleaning

It has been suggested that antibacterial copper could be used in place of stainless steel to help reduce the occurrence of hospital-acquired infections. The antibacterial activity of copper has been clearly demonstrated when using cell suspensions held in prolonged contact with copper or copper alloys. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of copper in comparison with stainless steel in a generally dry environment. Three stainless steels of varying surface finish and polished copper were soiled with Staphylococcus aureus suspended in a protein-based organic soil (bovine serum album), dried rapidly, and then incubated for 24 h. Surfaces were then wiped clean using a standardised wiping procedure with two cleaning agents recommended by UK National Health Service guidelines. This soiling/cleaning procedure was carried out daily over five days. After each cleaning cycle the amount of residual soil and live cells was assessed using direct epifluorescence microscopy. All materials were easily cleaned after the first soiling episode but a build-up of cells and soil was observed on the copper surfaces after several cleaning/wiping cycles. Stainless steel remained highly cleanable. Accumulation of material on copper is presumably due to the high reactivity of copper, resulting in surface conditioning. This phenomenon will affect subsequent cleaning, aesthetic properties and possibly antibacterial performance. It is important to select the appropriate cleaning/disinfecting protocols for selected surfaces.     

封闭式喷淋清洗消毒医疗废物运送车的研制与应用

目的：研制一种封闭式医疗废物运送车。方法：车厢、车门、排水漏和喷淋装置等全部采用不锈钢材料，通过焊接制成。结果：防止医疗废物运送车成为流动的污染源而造成医院环境污染，增强了对工作人员的职业卫生防护。结论：该车为封闭式，具有360°全方位喷淋清洗消毒功能，使用安全、有效、节能、便捷，具有推广应用价值。     

Electro-elution, a novel method to remove transmissible spongiform encephalopathy-associated PrPSc from stainless steel surgical instruments

Iatrogenic transmission of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) has been demonstrated via surgical instruments and there is concern over the efficacy of conventional decontamination techniques used to reprocess reusable instruments. This paper describes the development of a novel cleaning method, 'electro-elution', to remove TSE disease-specific abnormal protein PrP(Sc) from the surface of stainless steel surgical instruments. The electro-elution process subjects the stainless steel instrument to an electrical current in the presence of an electrolytic buffer to remove protein deposits. Stainless steel discs were contaminated with infectious brain homogenate and subjected to a range of conditions to determine the ability of electro-elution to remove the deposits. To determine whether there was any residual PrP(Sc) remaining on the disc after electro-elution, a novel detection method, 'direct blotting', was also developed. Direct blotting utilizes a process of passive transfer of proteins directly from the surface of the instrument to a proteophilic membrane for detection. Our study shows that electro-elution has the ability to effectively remove, and possibly degrade, disease-associated PrP(Sc) from the surface of stainless steel surgical instruments.