双介入栓塞治疗急性食管胃底曲张静脉出血的研究

自１９９１年１１月至１９９２年１１月，作者应用双介入栓塞方法治疗了１２例肝功能Ⅲ级伴急性食管胃底曲张静脉大出血患者，急性期止血均获成功。１０例部分脾栓塞术（ＰＳＥ），后患者的脾功能亢进均达治愈或改善。双介入栓塞治疗后，患者肝功能都有不同程度的改善或提高。本文除就双介入栓塞治疗急性食管胃底曲张静脉止血的机理进行讨论外，还就双介入栓塞中的门静脉压力变化，ＰＳＥ后的脾脏组织病理学、外周血象改变、肝功能及并发症等问题进行了分析与讨论。     

双介入栓塞治疗急性食胃底曲张静脉出血的研究

自１９９１年１１月至１９９２年１１月，作者应用双介入栓塞方法治疗了１２例肝功能Ⅲ级伴急性食管胃底曲线静脉大出血患者，急性期止血均获成功，１０例部分脾栓塞术，后患者的脾功能亢进均达治愈或改善，双介入栓治疗后，患者肝功能都不同程度的改善或提高，本文除就双介入栓塞治疗急性食管胃底曲线静脉止血的机理进行讨论外，还就双介入栓塞中的门静脉压力变化，ＰＳＥ后的脾脏组织病理学、外周血象改变、肝功能及并发症等问题进     

联合介入栓塞治疗门静脉高压症的临床研究

摘要：目的:探讨经皮经肝食管胃底静脉栓塞术（PTVE）联合部分脾脏栓塞术（PSE）治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症的临床效果。方法:采用经皮经肝TH胶定位栓塞胃冠状静脉（必要时联合栓塞胃短和胃后静脉）联合脾部分栓塞术,治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症并上消化道出血患者66例，以54例采用断流加脾次全切除腹膜后移位术的患者为对照，进行对比研究。随访2~60个月，平均20个月。结果:（1）研究组急诊止血率100%，再出血率3.3%；对照组急诊止血率100%，再出出血率4.8%。两组比较均无显著性差异（均P＞0.05）。（2）门静脉高压性胃病（PHG）: 研究组栓塞后2个月和1年与栓塞前相比，无明显变化（P＞0.05）；对照组术后2个月比术前加重（P＜0.05），术后1年比术前减轻（P＜0.05）；研究组与对照组相比，PHG的变化无显著性差异（P＞0. 05）。（3）术后1年食管胃底静脉曲张：研究组54中好转59.3%(32/54)，消失20.4%(11/54)，无变化18.5%(10/54)，加重1.8%(1/54)；对照组中，好转52%(26/50)，消失20%(10/50)，无变化28%(14/50)，两组疗效相似（P＞0.05）。（4）自由门静脉压力（FPP）：两组治疗结束时均较术前明显下降（P＜0.05），研究组平均减少（2.55±6.93）cmH2O，对照组平均减少（2.46±7.07）cmH2O两组间无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。结论:联合介入栓塞术止血确切，降低门脉压力显著，再出血率低，能够消除脾亢，保留脾功能，达到与断流加脾次全切除腹膜后移位术相似的疗效；且创伤小，适应证宽。     

动脉导管栓塞术治疗严重鼻衄的护理

动脉导管栓塞术治疗严重鼻衄的护理北京军区总医院赵海岚随着介入放射技术的广泛应用，动脉插管造影栓塞治疗严重鼻衄是一种安全可靠，疗效显著的止血方法。我院１９９１年１１月至１９９４年５月对７例严重鼻衄患者采用经股动脉插管行颈外动脉分支（上颌动脉）超选择性栓...     

肝胆恶性肿瘤皮下抗癌药泵植入的应用

抗癌药泵是用于人体内埋藏,行区域性化疗的装置。我科自１９９３年８月至１９９８年２月为１７９例肝胆恶性肿瘤手术切除并行皮下埋泵３１２例次。现对有关解剖、技术等进行探讨。临床资料本组男１４８例,女３１例;年龄２２～７５岁,平均４８岁。手术切除：各类右肝肿瘤８８例,左肝肿瘤３６例,双侧肝肿瘤１７例,包括尾状叶６例。晚期肿瘤单纯植人３８例。动脉插管１５７例,其中胃十二指肠动脉（ＧＤＡ）１２８例,胃网膜右动脉（ＲＧＥＡ）１５例,胃右动脉（ＲＧＡ）１３例,脾动脉１例;静脉插管１５５例,其中胃网膜右静脉（ＲＧ…     

硬脑膜动静脉瘘血管内栓塞治疗的护理

硬脑膜动静脉瘘（ＤＡＶＦ）占脑血管畸形的１０％～１５％,以往主要选择手术治疗。随着介入治疗的发展,１９９６年１月至１９９８年１月,我院采用经皮穿刺股动脉（电视监护下）插管行血管内栓塞治疗ＤＡＶＦ２４例,报告如下。１临床资料２４例中男１３例,女１１例,...     

脾静脉与颈内静脉转流术治疗重症布-加综合征

目的探索重症布－加综合征的手术方式。方法自１９９４年１１月至１９９６年５月,对１７例重症布－加综合征患者采用脾切除、脾静脉－颈内静脉转流术进行治疗。结果随访３～２０个月,效果优者１１例（６４．７％）,良好者５例（２９．４％）,死亡１例（５．８％）。结论对重症布－加综合征患者,脾静脉－颈内静脉转流是一种有效的手术方式。     

捆绑法治疗外伤性脾破裂11例体会

捆绑法治疗外伤性脾破裂１１例体会鲁双喜，李义坤，郑俊全，李永胜我们从１９８５年９月至１９９４年５月共对１１例脾破裂病人进行了原位捆绑法保脾止血，避免了脾切除，其效果甚佳，现报告如下。临床资料一、一般资料：本组１１例，其中女性５例，男性６例。１１例脾破...     

胃动脉化疗栓塞治疗不能切除的胃癌疗效及影响因素分析

胃动脉化疗栓塞治疗不能切除的胃癌疗效及影响因素分析上海医科大学中山医院（２０００３２）李茂全，额志平，王小林，周康荣，董永华自１９８８年７月至１９９３年１２月，中山医院介入放射学病房及联合病房收治了１０８例不能手术切除的中晚期胃癌患者，胃动脉内插管４...     

中心静脉穿刺插管1000例体会

中心静脉穿刺插管１０００例体会第三军医大学西南医院陈显春，李玉辉中心静脉插管在抢救出血、休克和大手术病人中具有十分重要的作用。我院１９９２年１０月至１９９１年９月应用中心静脉穿刺插管作输血、输液、中心静脉压（ＣＶＰ）测定、完全胃肠外营养（ＴＰＮ）共１...     

四种不同涤纶套中央静脉导管置入方法及分析

目的 观察四种不同带涤纶套中央静脉导管置入方法并行临床分析.方法 132例患者行带涤纶套中央静脉导管置入术,分为A组(36例)经撕脱鞘置入涤纶套中心静脉导管;B组(36例)颈外静脉切开置入导管;C组(32例)通过引导钢丝并逐层扩张后直接置入导管;D组(28例)采用颈内静脉切开置入导管.结果 A、B、C、D四组透析前后肌酐、尿素氮水平变化存在统计学差异,且尿素清除指数均达标,A、B、D三组透析中血流量、回血静脉压、尿素清除指数以及导管留存时间相关指标比较无统计学差异.A、C组中上述指标比较均存在统计学差异,与未非随机分组相关.四组手术后未出现大出血及感染相关并发症,B、C两组各出现1例导管异位情况.结论 带涤纶套中央静脉导管置入方法推荐首选经典撕脱鞘置管,该方法安全成功率高,术后并发症少.其次是颈内静脉切开置管,通过引导钢丝逐层扩张后置管适用于皮下组织疏松、脂肪层少的患者.而颈内静脉切开方法置管是在没有超声学指引下临床穿刺失败后的补救方法,但该方法技术要求高,手术风险大,故临床不作为首选.     

Clinical Study of Transient Portal Vein Stenosis Induced After Pancreatic Head Resection

Purpose We prospectively analyzed the clinical significance of transient portal vein stenosis soon after a pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) as detected on three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) for portography.Methods This study included 20 patients who underwent a generalized pancreatic head resection. A 3D-CT scan was taken seven times up until the eighth postoperative week for each patient. The 3D images were reconstructed by the Voxel Transmission method. The portal vein images were quantified using the portal volume rates (PVR). The relationship between portal vein stenosis and six clinical factors was statistically analyzed.Results The 3D-CT scans showed portal vein stenosis in all 20 patients. The preoperative mean of these 20 PVR were 100%, and the postoperative values were 76.2%, 64.1%, 69.5%, 75.1%, 84.1%, and 89.8% at weeks 1–4, 6, and 8, respectively. Portal vein stenosis soon after PD reached a peak in the second week and almost disappeared by the eighth postoperative week. Three clinical factors, namely, the main pancreatic duct diameters, pancreatic reconstruction methods, and postoperative prognoses, significantly affected portal vein stenosis.Conclusion The stenotic changes to the portal vein are considered to be significant prognostic indicators of pancreatic anastomotic trouble and postoperative complications.     

经食管内窥镜曲张静脉结扎联合部分脾栓塞术治疗门静脉高压症

目的 研究内镜下食管曲张静脉结扎联合部分脾栓塞术治疗门静脉高压症的临床疗效。方法自1999年5月至2003年2月对68例合并食管静脉曲张和脾功能亢进的门静脉高压症患者实施内镜结扎加部分脾栓塞术进行治疗,观察术后食管曲张静脉闭塞和止血效果及并发症和死亡率,门奇静脉侧支循环情况,并与对照组进行对比。结果联合术后患者食管曲张静脉获得根治,脾功能亢进缓解,门静脉血流速度减慢,血流量减少(P＜0．05),奇静脉血流量降低(P＜0．01),胃左静脉血流速度减慢(P＜0．05)。术后随访2-24个月,未出现复发性出血。结论内镜结扎联合部分脾栓塞术能有效地治疗门静脉高压症食管静脉曲张出血和脾功能亢进,减少了闭塞曲张静脉所需重复结扎次数及近期再出血,对于肝功能较差、难以耐受分流及断流手术的患者尤为适用。     

以门静脉-肠系膜上静脉为轴心的腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术16例报道

目的:介绍以门静脉-肠系膜上静脉为轴心的腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术的方法,探讨其临床价值。方法:回顾分析2015年3月以来完成的16例以门静脉-肠系膜上静脉为轴心的腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料。总结腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术的手术过程,分析此手术方法在临床上的应用效果。结果:16例均行以门静脉-肠系膜上静脉为轴心的腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术。手术时间350~555 min,平均(470.31±61.09)min;术中出血量100~1 200 ml,平均(568.75±298.26)ml。无围手术期死亡病例。胰瘘发生率为37.5%(6/16),其中A级胰瘘5例,B级1例。结论:以门静脉-肠系膜上静脉为轴心的腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术是安全、可行、有效的术式。     

肝硬化门静脉高压症患者超声内镜引导门静脉压力梯度测定：附52例报告

背景与目的：门静脉高压症的特征是门静脉压力梯度（PPG）增加,然而,传统的PPG测定方法困难、风险大,临床很难常规实施。前期的动物实验及人体试验均显示了超声内镜引导门静脉压力梯度（EUS-PPG）测定技术的可行性及准确性,且近期一项前瞻性研究在肝小静脉闭塞所致的急性或亚急性门静脉高压症患者中验证了EUS-PPG与肝静脉压力梯度（HVPG）存在一致性。然而,对于肝硬化门静脉高压症患者进行EUS-PPG测定的相关临床研究在国内尚未见相关报道。因此,本研究探讨肝硬化门静脉高压症EUS-PPG测定的准确性、可行性及安全性。方法：选取2022年3月—2022年8月中南大学湘雅三医院收治的52例肝硬化门静脉高压症进行EUSPPG测定,分析EUS-PPG测定结果及其与患者临床特征的关系。结果：52例患者中,47例既往或近期有食管胃静脉曲张出血史（14例既往经历过脾切除断流手术）。51例（98%）成功实施EUS-PPG,1例技术失败。门静脉穿刺途径分别为经胃壁（42例）或经十二指肠（9例）,经胃壁穿刺肝静脉（10例）或肝后下腔静脉（41例）,操作时长（15.5±3.4） min。51例患者的平均门静脉...     

肝癌门静脉癌栓的经皮激光消融治疗

目的 介绍肝癌门静脉癌栓激光消融治疗的方法,并探讨这一治疗方法的安全性和疗效。方法 对24例肝癌门静脉癌栓患者30支门静脉癌栓进行经皮肝穿刺激光消融治疗,观察术后患者癌栓支门静脉多普勒彩色血流图谱的变化及临床症状、肝功能和腹水等的变化情况。结果 术前30支门静脉癌栓支均无血流信号,术后1d有28支门静脉再次观察到彩色血流信号;术后7d30支门静脉癌栓支均观察到了多普勒彩色血流信号;术后30d有12支可观察到连续但不稳定的彩色血流信号,16支可观察到连续且稳定的再通血流信号;术后90d有18支可观察到连续且稳定的再通血流信号。临床症状、肝功能和腹水均得到了不同程度的改善。结论 肝癌门静脉癌栓的激光消融治疗有望成为一种疗效可靠、技术安全的门静脉癌栓治疗新方法。     

Clinical study of radioisotopic splenoportography in portal hypertension

Radioisotopic splenoportography was performed in 55 patients with portal hypertension, in whom 52 had various degrees of esophagogastric varices, and in 20 patients without portal hypertension. In the patients with varices, collateral images were obtained in 50 patients (96%) by this method and no image was obtained in the patients without varices. The rate of positively imaged collaterals was as follows: Esophageal varices 69%, the left gastric vein 85%, the short gastric veins 48%, RI stasis in esophagogastric region 65%, the azygos vein 46%, the subclavian vein 25%, the para-umbilical veins 46%, splenorenal /gastrorenal shunts 19%, the inferior mesenteric vein 17%, the left intercostal veins 6%, and Arantius's duct 4%. These rates were superior to that obtained from the conventional transarterial portography. There were some correlations between RI-images by this method and clinical and laboratory findings; patients with ascending collaterals alone tended to have extensive and severe varices and higher rate of bleeding, on the other hand, variceal bleeding was not found and episodes of portosystemic encephalopathy frequently occurred in patients with descending collaterals alone. After successful sclerotherapy, RI-images of esophageal varices disappeared in 92% of the patients. Radioisotopic splenoportography appears to be a useful diagnostic and follow-up modality for patients with portal hypertension and esophagogastric varices.     

The significance of portal vein thrombosis after distal splenorenal shunt

The aims of this study were to determine the incidence of portal vein thrombosis after the distal splenorenal shunt, to identify any predictive factors, and to assess the clinical significance of this complication. Preoperative and postoperative angiograms and clinical evaluation were reviewed in 124 patients who underwent distal splenorenal shunts. Total and partial portal vein thrombosis were seen on 13 (10.5%) and 22 (17.7%) postoperative angiograms, respectively. The only preoperative variable correlating with development of portal vein thrombosis was portal venous perfusion, which was significantly lower in patients with than in those without portal vein thrombosis. In six of 10 patients with postoperative pancreatitis, portal vein thrombosis developed. The frequency of early postoperative complications was significantly greater in patients with total portal vein thrombosis than in those with partial or no thrombosis. Long-term follow-up has shown no significant effects of portal vein thrombosis on late ascites, encephalopathy, or survival.     

Oral bacteria are a possible risk factor for valvular incompetence in primary varicose veins.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate a possible link between valvular incompetence in primary varicose veins and chronic infection of periodontal disease by assessing the presence of oral bacteria in the great saphenous vein from patients with varicose veins and control subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-four primary varicose vein patients were enrolled in the study. 12 control saphenous veins were obtained from patients undergoing peripheral arterial bypass without clinical evidence of venous reflux. In total, 56 saphenous vein specimen (44 varicose veins and 12 control veins) were examined for 7 periodontal bacteria using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. RESULTS: Of the 44 primary varicose vein patients, 31 patients were women and mean age was 59 years (range, 39-79 years). PCR examination of the diseased vein specimens showed that 48% were positive for at least one of 7 periodontal bacterial DNA. No bacteria were detected in the control specimens. CONCLUSION: Bacterial colonisation or infection of varicose veins is a frequent event although we were not able to establish whether this is a cause or consequence of the development of varices but this could be considered a risk factor for the development of varices.     

Correlation of duplex ultrasound scanning-derived valve closure time and clinical classification in patients with small saphenous vein reflux: Is lesser saphenous vein truly lesser?

OBJECTIVE: We recently identified small saphenous vein (SSV) reflux as a significant risk factor for ulcer recurrence in patients with severe chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) undergoing perforator vein ligation. In this study we examined the role of SSV reflux in patients across the spectrum of CVI. METHODS: From March 15, 1997, to December 24, 2002, clinical and duplex ultrasound (US) scanning data from all valve closure time studies performed in our vascular laboratory were prospectively recorded. Valve closure time in the deep and superficial leg veins was assessed with the rapid cuff deflation technique; reflux time greater than 0.5 seconds was considered abnormal. SSV reflux was correlated with the CEAP classification system and eventual surgical procedure. Data were analyzed with Pearson chi(2) analysis. RESULTS: We analyzed 722 limbs in 422 patients, 265 (63%) female patients and 157 (37%) male patients, with a mean age of 48 +/- 12.8 years (range, 16-85 years). In the entire cohort the cause was congenital (Ec) in 5 patients, primary (Ep) in 606 patients, and secondary (Es) in 112 patients. SSV reflux was present in 206 limbs (28.5%) evaluated. Among limbs with SSV reflux, Ec = 4 (2%), Ep = 162 (79%), and Es = 40 (19%). SSV reflux did not correlate with gender, side, or age. The prevalence of SSV reflux increases with increasing severity of clinical class: C1-C3, 25.8% versus C4-C6, 36.1% (P =.006). SSV reflux is highly associated with deep venous reflux, 35.2% of femoral vein reflux (P =.015), 35.8% of femoral vein plus popliteal vein reflux (P =.001), and 40.5% of isolated popliteal vein reflux (P <.001). Great saphenous vein (GSV) reflux was identified in 483 (67%) limbs studied with valve closure time, whereas SSV reflux was present in 206 (28%) limbs. In this cohort, 127 GSV or SSV surgical procedures were performed subsequent to valve closure time examination. Among these operations 107 (84%) were GSV procedures, and only 20 (16%) were SSV procedures. CONCLUSION: SSV reflux is most common in patients demonstrating severe sequelae of CVI, such as lipodermatosclerosis or ulceration. The increasing prevalence of SSV reflux in more severe clinical classes and the strong association of SSV reflux and deep venous reflux suggest that SSV may have a significant role in CVI. Our data further show that, in our institution, a GSV with reflux is more than twice as likely to be surgically corrected as an SSV with reflux. It is time for the SSV to assume greater importance in the treatment of lower extremity venous disease. Future improvements in surgical techniques for access and visualization of the SSV may facilitate this method.