甘露聚糖肽联合顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效观察

目的：观察胸腔内注射甘露聚糖肽联合顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效。方法：52例恶性胸腔积液患者,采用一次性单腔中心静脉导管,进行胸腔穿刺置管和闭式引流术后,再给予胸腔内药物注射。治疗组27例,注射甘露聚糖肽30mg及顺铂60mg;对照组25例,单药顺铂60mg胸腔注射。均每周注射1次,连续3周,1个月后观察两组的疗效及不良反应。结果：甘露聚糖肽联合顺铂组有效率85．2％（23／27）,高于单药顺铂组60．O％（15／25）,两组差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：胸腔置管闭式引流后注入甘露聚糖肽联合顺铂是一种治疗恶性胸腔积液有效、安全的方法。     

甘露聚糖肽联合顺铂胸腔内灌注治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床观察

目的:评价甘露聚糖肽联合顺铂胸腔内灌注治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效及毒副反应。方法:60例恶性胸腔积液患者随机分为两组。所有患者均在经中心静脉导管胸腔持续闭式引流后灌注治疗,治疗组（31例）:甘露聚糖肽80-100mg,顺铂60mg胸腔内灌注;对照组（29例）:单用顺铂60mg胸腔内灌注。上述治疗每周2次,连续1-2周。结果:治疗组总有效率为83.9%（26/31）,明显优于对照组的58.6%（17/29）,差异有显著意义（P<0.05）。治疗组生活质量改善率为71.0%,也显著高于对照组的44.8%（P<0.05）。毒副反应主要为轻度消化道反应、白细胞降低及发热、胸痛。结论:甘露聚糖肽联合顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液有良好的协同作用,能改善生活质量,毒副反应轻,值得临床广泛应用。     

顺铂联合甘露聚糖肽胸腔灌注治疗鼻咽癌恶性胸腔积液47例

目的 观察顺铂联合甘露聚糖肽胸腔灌注治疗鼻咽癌恶性胸腔积液的疗效及患者不良反应.方法 鼻咽癌伴恶性胸腔积液患者47例,年龄41 ～ 70岁,中位年龄50岁；单侧发生胸腔积液45例(95.7％),双侧2例(4.3％).胸腔穿刺外周静脉置人中心静脉导管引流后胸腔灌注顺铂(30 mg/次)和甘露聚糖肽(15 mg/次),观察疗效及不良反应,记录生存期.结果 全组患者完全缓解(CR)17例(36.2％),部分缓解(PR)21例(44.7％),总有效(CR+PR)率80.9％.全组中位生存时间10.5个月.胸腔积液pH值≥7.2、葡萄糖≥60 mg/L、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)＜600U/L的患者应用本方案治疗的有效率分别为85.0％(34/40)、86.5％(32/37)、89.5％(34/38),中位生存期分别为11.5、12.0、12.5个月,与胸腔积液pH值＜7.2、葡萄糖＜60mg/L、LDH≥600 U/L者[有效率分别为42.8％(3/7)、50.0％(5/10)、44.4％(4/9),中位生存期分别为6.5、6.5、6.0个月]比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜ 0.05)；伴骨转移和(或)肺转移而无肝转移者和有肝转移者有效率分别为47.0％(16/34)、57.1％(4/7),差异无统计学意义(x2=0.01,P=0.29),二者中位生存期分别为11.0、6.0个月,差异有统计学意义(P=0.02).Cox多因素分析证实,积液LDH值可作为判断其预后的独立因素.常见不良反应较轻,包括发热、胸痛、恶心、呕吐.结论 顺铂联合甘露聚糖肽胸腔灌注治疗鼻咽癌恶性胸腔积液疗效满意,不良反应轻；积液LDH值是判断预后的一个独立影响因素,伴有肝转移患者的中位生存期短.     

注射用甘露聚糖肽联合顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效观察

 目的 观察注射用甘露聚糖肽（商品名：力尔凡）联合顺铂（DDP）治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效。方法 34例患者经细胞学证实的恶性胸腔积液行胸腔内置管引流排尽胸液后，注入DDP 45 mg／m2， 甘露聚糖肽50 mg，1周及2周后各重复注药1次，共3次，观察疗效。结果 完全缓解（CR）18例，部分缓解（PR）12例，无效（NR）4例，有效（CR+PR）率88.2 %。结论 胸腔内注入DDP和甘落聚糖肽治疗恶性胸腔积液是一种有效、毒副作用小，可耐受的方法。     

顺铂联合甘露聚糖肽与联合OK-432胸腔注射治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床分析

[目的]对比观察中心静脉导管胸腔引流并顺铂联合甘露聚糖肽（多抗）或OK-432（沙培林）治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效和毒副反应。[方法]99例恶性胸腔积液病人，随机分为2组：甘露聚糖肽组（A组）53例，OK432组（B组）46例。行中心静脉导管胸腔引流术，A组胸腔注射甘露聚糖肽和顺铂，B组胸腔注射0K432和顺铂。两组均每周重复，连续2～4周。[结果]A组RR43例（81．1％）。B组RR39例（84．8％），两组有效率无统计学差异（P=0．631）。A组有3例（5．7％）病人发热，B组有24例（52．2％）病人发热（P〈0．001）。[结论]中心静脉导管胸腔引流并顺铂联合甘露聚糖肽或OK432治疗恶性胸腔积液均较安全且方便，临床疗效相似，但沙培林组发热的发生率远高于甘露聚糖肽组。     

甘露聚糖肽联合顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效观察

目的观察甘露聚糖肽联合顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效和毒副反应。方法 48例恶性胸腔积液患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组24例。胸腔闭式引流胸腔积液后,治疗组胸腔注射甘露聚糖肽20 mg和顺铂60 mg,对照组单药顺铂60 mg胸腔注射。2组均每周1次,连续3周。1个月后观察2组疗效及毒副反应。结果治疗组缓解率83.3%,对照组缓解率62.5%(P<0.05);治疗组KPS评分改善率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组毒副反应明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论甘露聚糖肽联合顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效满意。     

甘露聚糖肽联合顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效观察

目的:观察胸腔内注射甘露聚糖肽联合顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效.方法:52例恶性胸腔积液患者,采用一次性单腔中心静脉导管,进行胸腔穿刺置管和闭式引流术后,再给予胸腔内药物注射.治疗组27例,注射甘露聚糖肽30mg及顺铂60mg;对照组25例,单药顺铂60mg胸腔注射.均每周注射1次,连续3周,1个月后观察两组的疗效及不良反应.结果:甘露聚糖肽联合顺铂组有效率85.2%(23/27),高于单药顺铂组60.0%(15/25),两组差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:胸腔置管闭式引流后注入甘露聚糖肽联合顺铂是一种治疗恶性胸腔积液有效、安全的方法.     

胸腔内灌注紫杉醇与顺铂治疗乳腺癌恶性胸腔积液的疗效比较

目的观察比较胸腔灌注紫杉醇和顺铂治疗乳腺癌恶性胸腔积液的疗效、生活质量及不良反应。方法52例确诊为乳腺癌伴恶性胸腔积液患者,经胸膜腔置管引流术排尽积液后,随机分为紫杉醇组和顺铂组,每组26例。紫杉醇组：胸腔内注射生理盐水50ml＋紫杉醇120mg＋地塞米松10mg;顺铂组：胸腔内注射生理盐水50ml＋顺铂60mg＋地塞米松10mg。均为每周1次,连用2周,观察疗效及不良反应。结果紫杉醇组有效率为80．8％,顺铂组有效率61．5％（P〈0．05）。治疗后不良反应,胸痛以紫杉醇组明显（P〈0．05）,消化道反应以顺铂组明显（P〈0．05）。结论紫杉醇胸腔内注射治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效满意,不良反应可耐受。     

胸壁、纵隔

胸腺囊肿（附16例报告）；胸腔肿瘤非抽吸式穿刺活检2100例分析；顺铂联合甘露聚糖肽胸腔灌注治疗乳腺癌恶性胸腔积液55例；顺铂联合香菇多糖治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床观察。     

顺铂联合甘露聚糖肽胸腔注射治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床分析

目的 观察中心静脉导管胸腔引流并顺铂联合甘露聚糖肽(多抗)胸腔注射治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效和毒副反应. 方法106例恶性胸腔积液患者随机分为两组:治疗组58例,对照组48例.胸腔置入中心静脉导管排尽胸腔积液后,治疗组胸腔注射顺铂和甘露聚糖肽,对照组胸腔注射顺铂.两组均每周重复,治疗2次后观察近期疗效、毒副反应及生活质量改善情况. 结果治疗组RR 82.8%,对照组RR 56.3%;治疗组的生活质量也较对照组明显改善.经统计学处理均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗组胃肠道反应与骨髓抑制均低于对照组.结论 中心静脉导管胸腔引流并顺铂联合甘露聚糖肽治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效好、毒性反应轻,值得推广使用.     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.