肿瘤蛋白 53靶基因 1靶向微小 RNA-33a对胶质瘤细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移、侵袭的影响

目的 探讨肿瘤蛋白53靶基因1(TP53TG1)对胶质瘤细胞增殖、凋亡及迁移侵袭的影响和机制.方法 本研究起止时间为2019年1—6月,人正常神经胶质细胞(HA)和神经胶质瘤细胞U251购于上海斯信生物科技有限公司.实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测HA和U251细胞中TP53TG1的表达水平.构建过表达TP53TG1的U251细胞株,噻唑蓝(MTT)法用于评估细胞增殖能力,流式细胞术分析细胞凋亡,Transwell法测定迁移和侵袭数,Western blotting检测细胞周期蛋白D1(Cyclin D1)、细胞周期蛋白激酶抑制剂(P21)、B细胞淋巴瘤-2(Bcl-2)、Bcl相关x蛋白(Bax)、基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)、E钙黏蛋白(E-cad?herin)表达水平.双荧光素酶报告基因实验和Western blotting验证TP53TG1和微小RNA-33a(miR-33a)的靶向关系.结果 与人正常神经胶质细胞HA比较,神经胶质瘤细胞U251中TP53TG1的表达水平[(1.03±0.10)比(0.28±0.03)]显著降低.过表达TP53TG1能够显著抑制U251细胞活力,下调Cyclin D1、Bcl-2和MMP-2蛋白水平,减少细胞迁移数[(138±14.01)个比(72±7.26)个]和侵袭数[(126±12.54)个比(65±6.63)个],上调P21、Bax和E-cadherin蛋白表达,促进细胞凋亡[(8.16±0.86)％比(22.57±2.65)％].TP53TG1能够靶向负性调控miR-33a的表达.过表达miR-33a能够逆转miR-33a对U251细胞增殖、凋亡[(22.68±2.69)％比(11.36±1.20)％]、迁移[(70±7.05)个比(108±11.37)个]和侵袭[(70±7.05)个比(108±11.37)个]的影响.结论 TP53TG1通过靶向miR-33a抑制胶质瘤细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭,促进细胞凋亡.     

siRNA抑制PTTG1表达对人脑胶质瘤细胞增殖、侵袭性的影响

目的构建针对人脑胶质瘤细胞系的高效沉默PTTG1的RNAi载体;探讨PTTG1 siRNA干扰质粒对人脑胶质瘤细胞系U373增殖、侵袭性的影响。方法设计三对PTTG1基因干扰序列,合成能够特异干扰PTTG1的siRNA,然后将其与p Genesil2载体连接,构建pGenesil2-PTTG1 siRNA干扰载体,在脂质体作用下将PTTG1 siRNA质粒转染至胶质瘤U373细胞后,用RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测PTTG1 mRNA及蛋白表达水平的变化,通过细胞增殖实验、划痕实验和Transwell小室实验检测PTTG1对胶质瘤细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力的影响。结果在胶质瘤U373细胞转染3个不同的siRNA片段干扰PTTG1的表达,RTPCR检测结果显示,PTTG1 siRNA1干扰质粒对PTTG1表达的抑制作用最明显[(0.47±0.12)vs(1.00±0.15),P0.01]。转染PTTG1 siRNA质粒的胶质瘤细胞U373在48h和72h细胞增殖能力均显著低于对照组。细胞划痕实验显示干扰PTTG1可明显缩短U373细胞的迁移距离;Transwell小室结果显示干扰PTTG1后U373的穿膜细胞百分率明显下降[(58.00±8.72)%vs(36.3±7.76)%,P0.05]。结论 PTTG1 siRNA干扰质粒可明显抑制胶质瘤U373细胞PTTG1的表达,并可抑制胶质瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭及迁移能力。     

miR-199a-5p调控DDR1抑制人脑胶质瘤细胞增殖和迁移

目的初步探究miR-199a-5p对人脑胶质瘤细胞增殖和迁移的影响。方法选取U251细胞为实验对象,构建miR-199a-5p过表达U251细胞株。实验分组:对照组(无转染的U251细胞,Control)、阴性对照组(转染空载体质粒U251细胞,NC)以及实验组(转染miR-199a-5p成熟模拟物,mimics)。实时荧光定量PCR检测各组细胞miR-199a-5p表达;CCK-8检测转染miR-199a-5p后细胞增殖;细胞划痕实验与Transwell迁移实验检测各组U251迁移情况;Western blot检测DDR1表达;构建DDR1过表达U251细胞株,检测DDR1过表达对转染miR-199a-5p的U251细胞增殖和迁移的影响。结果mimics组细胞miR-199a-5p水平高于control组(P<0.01),细胞活力降低(P<0.01),增殖能力减弱(P<0.01)。转染miR-199a-5p组细胞DDR1表达水平降低(P<0.01)。与mimins组相比,转染pcDNA3.1-DDR1组能够上调DDR1(P<0.01),增加细胞活力,促进细胞增殖(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论miR-199a-5p能够下调DDR1表达,抑制人脑胶质瘤细胞增殖和迁移。     

bFGF小分子干扰RNA诱导胶质瘤U251细胞凋亡作用的研究

目的:初步探讨以小分子干扰RNA沉默碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)诱导胶质瘤细胞系U251凋亡的机制.方法:将U251细胞分为正常对照组、空载体组和实验组,按4×105个细胞每孔接种于6孔细胞培养板,培养24h后,空载体组和实验组按MOI=50分别进行空载体腺病毒(rAd5-null)和含有bFGF小分子干扰RNA(siRNA)的重组腺病毒(rAd5-bFGF)转染,转染72h后检测各组细胞的凋亡及细胞周期变化情况及其相关蛋白的表达.结果:与正常对照组、空载体组比较,实验组U251细胞经转染bFGF-siRNA后出现了明显的细胞凋亡(P<0.05),但细胞周期未见变化(P>0.05);Western blot结果显示,实验组U251胶质瘤细胞经转染bFGF-siRNA 72 h后,bFGF蛋白表达明显降低,同时STAT3及Bcl-2蛋白表达降低,Bax及Caspase-3蛋白表达增强.结论:bFGF小分子干扰RNA能够诱导U251细胞凋亡,其作用可能是通过调节STAT3信号转导通路实现的.     

微小 RNA-4478下调鼠双微体 -2对结肠癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭的影响

目的 探讨微小RNA-4478(miR-4478)对结肠癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭的作用并阐明相关机制.方法 实时定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测miR-4478在结肠癌组织中的表达.结肠癌SW1116细胞转染miR-4478 mimics及阴性对照后,分别采用3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐(MTT)和小室(Transwell)法检测细胞的增殖、迁移及侵袭.预测miR-4478的靶基因,双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证靶基因.结肠癌SW1116细胞转染miR-4478 mimics或抑制物后,蛋白质免疫印迹(Western blot)法检测细胞靶基因表达.靶基因过表达验证细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭.Western blot法检测细胞周期蛋白D1(Cy-clin D1)、基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)、P21、钙粘附蛋白E(E-cadherin)蛋白表达.结果 相对于癌旁组织,miR-4478在结肠癌组织中的表达显著降低[(0.84±0.07)比(0.26±0.02),t=48.461,P<0.05];转染miR-4478 mimics可显著抑制细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭(P<0.001).miR-4478可负向调控MDM2表达(P<0.001).miR-4478过表达可抑制由MDM2过表达导致的结肠癌细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭(P<0.001).结论 miR-4478通过抑制MDM2表达而抑制结肠癌细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭.     

氯普鲁卡因通过调控长链非编码 RNA TTN?AS1表达对胶质瘤细胞增殖和转移的影响

目的 探讨氯普鲁卡因(CP)对胶质瘤细胞增殖和转移的影响及分子机制.方法 用浓度为1 mmol/L、3 mmol/L、9 mmol/L的CP培养U251细胞作为CP低、中、高浓度组;未经任何处理的细胞作为对照组;此外将U251细胞分为si-NC组、si-TTN-AS1组、CP+pcDNA组、CP+pcDNA-TTN-AS1组.噻唑兰(MTT)检测细胞增殖抑制率;Transwell检测细胞迁移和侵袭;实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测lncRNA TTN-AS1表达水平.结果 CP处理胶质瘤U251细胞后,细胞增殖抑制率升高,细胞迁移侵袭数以及TTN-AS1表达水平降低(P<0.05).抑制TTN-AS1表达可抑制胶质瘤细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭.TTN-AS1过表达逆转了CP对U251细胞的作用.结论 CP通过下调lncRNA TTN-AS1表达抑制胶质瘤细胞增殖和转移.     

鸦胆子油乳对胶质瘤U251作用的研究

目的该实验拟研究鸦胆子油乳注射液对人脑胶质瘤U251细胞生长抑制及诱导细胞凋亡的作用。方法体外培养人脑胶质瘤细胞U251,利用MTT比色法检测鸦胆子油乳注射液对于U251的增殖抑制影响;用流式细胞术(flowcytometry,FCM)分析药物处理前后U251的细胞周期变化;实时荧光定量PCR检测不同处理组中凋亡基因Bcl-2的表达。结果 MTT显示鸦胆子油乳注射液对U251细胞增殖抑制作用呈剂量依赖性,当浓度为10 g.L-1时,对U251细胞增殖的抑制率达到(75.8±2.3)%(P<0.05);流式细胞仪分析显示,用10 g.L-1鸦胆子油乳注射液培养48 h,细胞周期中G1期所占比例增高,S期占细胞周期的比例降低;实时荧光定量PCR结果显示随着鸦胆子油乳注射液的浓度增加凋亡基因Bcl-2 mRNA的表达逐渐减少。与对照组比较P<0.01。结论中药鸦胆子油乳注射液可显著抑制U251胶质瘤细胞细胞增殖及促进其凋亡。     

靶向沉默SSBP1基因对肝癌HepG2细胞增殖、侵袭转移的影响

目的 观察靶向沉默线粒体单链DNA结合蛋白(SSBP1)基因对肝癌HepG2细胞增殖、侵袭转移的影响.方法 设计并构建靶向SSBP1 基因的特异性siRNA,采用脂质体介导瞬时转染肝癌HepG2细胞,细胞分3组:对照组、空白转染组、转染组.Real time-PCR和Western-blot检测靶向干扰后SSBP1 mRNA和蛋白表达变化.CCK-8法检测细胞增殖.流式细胞仪检测细胞周期、凋亡率及线粒体膜电位.划痕实验及Transwell 侵袭实验检测细胞侵袭转移能力.Western-blot检测增殖、侵袭转移相关基因蛋白表达状况.结果 SSBP1 siRNA能够显著抑制SSBP1 mRNA和蛋白表达.与对照组和空白转染组比较,转染SSBP1 siRNA后HepG2细胞增殖能力、G2期和S期细胞比例、线粒体膜电位明显降低,G1期细胞比例、细胞凋亡率明显升高(P<0.05);同时细胞增殖相关基因PCNA、凋亡抑制基因Bcl-2、转移相关基因MMP-9蛋白表达显著下调,凋亡诱导基因Bax蛋白表达显著上调(P<0.05).结论 靶向沉默SSBP1基因能够通过线粒体途径抑制肝癌HepG2细胞增殖、侵袭转移,并诱导其凋亡.     

Lipocalin-2过表达对人肺癌 A549细胞增殖、凋亡及侵袭力的影响

目的：采用基因过表达方法上调人肺癌 A549细胞 Lipocalin-2表达,观察 Lipocalin-2对细胞增殖、凋亡、细胞周期调控及侵袭力的影响。方法构建 Lipocalin-2过表达慢病毒载体,转染人肺癌 A549细胞。Real-time PCR 和 Western blot 检测转染后人肺癌 A549细胞中 Lipocalin-2表达水平。MTT 实验检测细胞增殖。流式细胞术检测细胞周期及凋亡情况。Transwell 小室实验检测细胞侵袭力。结果与阴性对照组和空载体对照组比较,转染组 Li-pocalin-2 mRNA 和蛋白表达水平均显著增加,差异有统计学意义（ P ﹤0.05）。Lipocalin-2过表达慢病毒载体转染后,细胞增殖率和侵袭力显著增加,同时细胞凋亡率及 G0/ G1期细胞比例显著降低,S 期细胞比例显著提高,差异有统计学意义（ P ﹤0.05）。结论 Lipocalin-2过表达通过调控人肺癌 A549细胞周期、抑制凋亡促进细胞的增殖,还明显提高细胞的侵袭力。     

钙激活的氯离子通道 A4通过抑制 JAK激酶 2/信号转导及转录激活蛋白 3信号通路对食管癌细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响

目的 探讨钙激活的氯离子通道A4(CLCA4)对食管癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭及JAK激酶2/信号转导及转录激活蛋白3(JAK2/STAT3)信号通路的影响.方法 实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)与蛋白质印迹法(Western blotting)分别检测正常人食管鳞状上皮细胞与人食管癌细胞中CLCA4的表达;将合成的CLCA4过表达载体及其对照分别转染至食管癌细胞Eca109,分别记作CLCA4过表达(pcDNA-CLCA4)组、CLCA4阴性对照(pcDNA-NC)组,并将未转染的细胞作为阴性对照(NC)组.四甲基偶氮唑盐微量酶反应比色法(MTT法)检测细胞增殖能力;细胞迁移实验(Transwell)检测细胞迁移及侵袭能力.JAK2/STAT3信号通路激活剂p-JAK2多肽对细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的影响.Western blotting检测细胞周期蛋白D1(Cy-clinD1)、依赖性激酶抑制因子(P21)、基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、JAK2、STAT3、磷酸化JAK激酶2(p-JAK2)、磷酸化信号转导及转录激活蛋白3(p-STAT3)的表达水平.结果 与Het-1A相比,人食管癌细胞KYSE170、Eca109、TE10中CLCA4 mRNA及蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05);与pcDNA-NC组比较,pcDNA-CLCA4组细胞存活率显著降低[(52.16±11.41)％比(99.57±13.49)％,P<0.05],迁移细胞数[(56.47±10.03)％比(112.49±13.52)％]与侵袭细胞数[(63.43±9.87)％比(123.47±16.58)％]减少(P<0.05),CyclinD1、MMP-2、MMP-9、p-JAK2、p-STAT3的表达水平降低(P<0.05),P21的表达水平升高(P<0.05);激活JAK2/STAT3信号通路可逆转CLCA4过表达对Eca109细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭的抑制作用.结论 CL-CA4过表达可抑制食管癌细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭,其作用机制可能与抑制JAK2/STAT3信号通路活化有关.     

Mast cells as targets of pimecrolimus

Mast cells, the multi-functional secretory cells, are the pivotal effector cells in immune response, and contribute to the pathogenesis of many diverse diseases, like asthma and mastocytosis, by releasing numerous proinflammatory mediators. Pimecrolimus (SDZ ASM 981) is a derivative of the macrolactam ascomycin and is a member of the calcineurin inhibitor class of immunosuppressors. It inhibits the calcineurin-dependent activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells and the expression of a number of proinflammatory cytokines in turn. Pimecrolimus has high and selective anti-inflammatory activity within the skin, and with much lower potential to affect local and systemic immune responses. Therefore it has been widely used for treatment of various inflammatory skin diseases. It has a cellselective mode of action, and mast cells are its specific target cells. Pimecrolimus inhibits the release of both preformed and de novo synthesized mediators from activated mast cells and inhibits accumulation of mast cells by inducing apoptosis. Several experimental and clinical reports have demonstrated the successful application of pimecrolimus and other calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus and cyclosporine A, to treat mastocytosis, a spectrum of disorders characterized by mast cell hyperplasia, especially cutaneous mastocytosis. These new findings suggest that pimecrolimus and other calcineurin inhibitors may be a novel and effective therapeutic approach for mast cell-associated diseases such as asthma and mastocytosis.     

Live immobilised cells as new therapeutics

Clinical trials have increasingly provided adequate data for the use of live cells in medicinal practice especially in diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease including Crohn’s disease, reduction of serum cholesterol, prevention of allergies, cancer, and numerous other diseases. Oral delivery of live cells has met with limited success; chiefly due to viability losses on passage through the gastrointestinal tract. Conflicting reports exist on the effectiveness of the protection afforded by traditional immobilization of live cells in gel matrices such as calcium alginate and kappa-carrageenan. An alternative approach, microencapsulation, builds on immobilization technologies by combining enhanced mechanical stability of the capsule membrane with improved mass transport, increased cell loading and greater control of parameters. This review abridges recent developments in the therapeutic use of live cells, addresses the promises and challenges of current immobilization technologies and provides insights into the concept of artificial cells for the effective delivery of therapeutic live cells.     

Microencapsulated cells as hormone delivery systems

Transplantation of pancreatic islets of Langerhans has been shown to prevent the development of many of the complications associated with diabetes. Transplanted islets, however, are readily rejected by the immune system. The use of artificial membranes to isolate the transplanted islets from the immune system of the host prolongs islet allografts in experimental animals. We have developed a method for encapsulating islets in semipermeable membranes composed of alginate and polylysine. The same technique can be applied to other endocrine cell types. The capsules are 700 to 800 micron in diameter with a hydrogel membrane approximately 4 micron thick. Intraperitoneal allografts of 5 x 10(3) encapsulated islets reversed diabetes in rats for up to 21 months and intact capsules with viable beta cells could be recovered from the recipients. Microencapsulation of endocrine cells for transplantation could potentially be used in the clinical treatment of hormone deficiency diseases.     

Endothelial progenitor cells as potential drug targets

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are bone marrow derived cells with the potential to differentiate into mature functional endothelial cells. First clinical trials have been performed investigating the effects of EPC transplantation into cardiac ischemic areas after myocardial infarction, in patients with peripheral atherovascular disease or on endothelialisation of artificial heart valves. Next to EPC transplantation, the pharmacological mobilisation and functional modification of EPC may also play a major role in future therapies. Studies have raised the concern that patients with coronary heart disease or severe heart failure may suffer from decreased amounts and impaired function of peripheral circulating EPC. Drug induced mobilization of EPC and normalization of EPC function may therefore improve prognosis of certain cardiovascular diseases. The underlying molecular events of a disturbed mobilisation, differentiation, homing and/or function of EPC are not well understood. In the present review we will highlight the current knowledge of the role of EPC dysfunction in various cardiovascular diseases and focus on potential causally related molecular mechanisms, which might be novel drug targets.     

Biological cells as templates for hollow microcapsules

Microcapsules in the micrometer size range with walls of nanometer thickness are of both scientific and technological interest, since they can be employed as micro- and nano-containers. Liposomes represent one example, yet their general use is hampered due to limited stability and a low permeability for polar molecules. Microcapsules formed from polyelectrolytes offer some improvement, since they are permeable to small polar molecules and resistant to chemical and physical influences. Both types of closed films are, however, limited by their spherical shape which precludes producing capsules with anisotropic properties. Biological cells possess a wide variety of shapes and sizes, and, thus, using them as templates would allow the production of capsules with a wide range of morphologies. In the present study, human red blood cells (RBC) as well as Escherichia coli bacteria were used; these cells were fixed by glutardialdehyde prior to layer-by-layer (LbL) adsorption of polyelectrolytes. The growth of the layers was verified by electrophoresis and flow cytometry, with morphology investigated by atomic force and electron microscopy; the dissolution process of the biological template was followed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The resulting microcapsules are exact copies of the biological template, exhibit elastic properties, and have permeabilities which can be controlled by experimental parameters; this method for microcapsule fabrication, thus, offers an important new approach for this area of biotechnology.     

Mast cells as a target of rheumatoid arthritis treatment

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease and its exact cause and pathophysiological process remain unclear. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes, macrophages and T lymphocytes are considered to be the major contributors in the pathophysiological process of RA; however, an increasing number of papers have drawn attention to the potential role of mast cells (MCs) in the process. In an animal model of RA, we reported an increase in MC numbers in the arthritic region, which agreed with the observation in human RA. In addition, a good correlation between the number of MCs and the development of disease was observed. However, there has been little experimental or clinical evidence of the beneficial effects of the modification of MC activity on the pathogenesis of RA and this is the weak point of the hypothesis. We therefore studied the effects of a MC-stabilizing compound, cromoglicate lisetil (CL), which is an orally deliverable prodrug of cromolyn sodium, on the RA disease model. The MC-stabilizer had efficacy in a mouse model. The beneficial effects of CL in this animal model further suggested the contribution of MCs in the pathophysiological process of RA. Concerning the contributive mechanism of MC on the pathogenesis of RA, our results using a disease model suggested that activation of MC chymase and matrix metalloproteinases might be involved. MC is now considered to be one of the targets of RA treatment.     

Myofibroblasts and inflammatory cells as players of cardiac fibrosis

On myocardial infarction, many cells are injured or died owing to arterial occlusion. Intracellular molecules released from injured or dead cells initiate inflammatory responses that play important roles in cardiac remodeling including fibrosis. Fibrosis is an excess accumulation of extracellular collagen. Currently, drugs used to treat cardiac fibrosis are not commercially available. Myofibroblasts are responsible for the production and secretion of collagen. Infiltrating inflammatory cells interact with fibroblasts or other cells and promote myofibroblast formation. Inflammatory cells also modulate the activities of myofibroblasts. Regulation of collagen production is critical for modulating the progression of fibrosis. Hence, the manipulation of activities of inflammatory cells and myofibroblasts will provide promising therapeutic targets for treatment of cardiac fibrosis.