Stimulation of proliferative activity of human natural killers (CD16+CD56+ cells) by recombinant interleukin-3in vitro

The proliferative activity of human natural killers (CD16⁺CD56⁺ cells) in the presence of 100 and 1000 IU/ml human recombinant interleukin-3 is investigatedin vitro. It is shown that recombinant interleukin-3 reliably enhances natural killer proliferation, causing a 9–15.2-fold increase of³H-thymidine uptake by CD16⁺CD56⁺ cells both in complete culture medium and in conditioned medium. The effect of the factor is 3.9–6.4 and 3.6–8.9-fold more potent than that of recombinant interleukin-2 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, respectively, in the same doses. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp. 409–412, April, 1995 Presented by S. V. Prozorovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Interaction between 16α,17α-cyclopropane progesterone and progesterone receptors in rat uterus

Binding of³H-16α, 17α-cyclopropanoprogesterone (CPG) and³H-progesterone (PG) to progesterone receptors in soluble fraction of rat uterus is studied. It is shown that CPG and PG specifically bind to the protein with similar affinity and binding capacity. Unlabeled PG competitively inhibits the binding of CPG, and unlabeled CPG competitively inhibits the binding of PF with the same efficiency. Dissociation of CPG- and PG-receptor complexes is characterized by the same dissociation constant. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 5, pp. 532–534, May, 1998     

Aldosterone binding with corticosteroid brain receptors in rats: Effect of behavioral typology and stress

Differences in³H-aldosterone binding with hippocampus cytosol receptors were found to be dependent on the behavioral type of male Wistar rats in the “emotional resonance” test. These differences were not observed in the cytosol analysis of the remaining part of the brain. Control rats and rats subjected to short-term stress by painful electrical stimulation showed a long-term drop of³H-aldosterone binding with hippocampus cytosol in active as compared to passive animals preferring a closed space. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 7, pp. 49–51, July, 1995 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

The effect of various incorporated doses of131I on immunological reactions of the organism

Administration of radioisotope¹³¹I at 148 kBq/g body weight results in an inhibition of the primary immune response and in a decrease of proliferating activity of mouse lymphocytes in response to alloantigen stimulation. The number of antibody-producing spleen cells for immunization of mice with sheep erythrocytes diminished after administration of¹³¹I at 74 kBq/g animal weight. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, No. 6, pp. 664–666, June, 1996     

Effect of human defensins on the cytoplasmic Ca2+ content in platelets

The effect of the total fraction of human defensins (HNP-1, HNP-2, and HNP-3) on the cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ content ([Ca²⁺]_i) in the platelets of healthy donors was studied. At concentrations of 0.1–40 μg/ml and an incubation time of 10 min defensins have no effect on [Ca²⁺]_i in platelets labeled with Fura-2AM. However, at higher concentrations (100 μg/ml) they increased platelet [Ca²⁺]_i. In addition, defensins (40 μg/ml) inhibited the Ca²⁺ increase in platelets induced by thrombin, adenosine diphosphate, and the lipopolysaccharide ofS. typhimurium endotoxin. The most pronounced inhibitory effect was observed in a suspension of thrombin-stimulated platelets. It is shown that the effect of human defensins on the functional activity of platelets is due to the alterations in the intracellular Ca²⁺. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 600–603, December, 1994     

Binding of3H-diazepam in rat brain eleven months after termination of corazole kindling

Binding of³H-diazepam in rat cerebellum decreases by 14% (p<0.05) 11 months after termination of kindling and one day after injection of a test dose of corazole (30 mg/kg), while it increases by 19.5% after a single injection of a convulsive dose of corazole (50–75 mg/kg). No changes are found in the cortex. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 135–137, February, 1994 Presented by G. N. Kryzhanovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of muscimol on the picrotoxinand bicuculline-induced delay in the desensitization of the GABA receptor/Cl− channel complex

Effects of picrotoxin and bicuculline on the muscimol-dependent³⁶Cl⁻ entry into synaptoneurosomes of the rat cerebral cortex are examined as well as desensitization of³⁶Cl⁻ entry at muscimol concentrations of 5 and 50 μM. At the 5 μM concentration (which is close to the muscimol IC₅₀), picrotoxin and bicuculline inhibited Cl⁻ entry into synaptoneurosomes and decreased the desensitization. At the 50 μM concentration, muscimol completely abolishes the bicuculline effects both on Cl⁻ entry and desensitization. Inhibition of Cl⁻ entry by picrotoxin is also abolished by 50 μM muscimol, whereas the picrotoxin-induced decrease in the desensitization rate is not. It is shown that both bicuculline effects result from inhibition of the GABA receptor, but the action of picrotoxin on the desensitization of Cl⁻ entry into synaptoneurosomes is not closely related to the functional activity of the GABA receptor/Cl⁻ channel complex. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 8, pp. 144–147, August, 1996     

Effect of paraoxon and sulfhydryl reagents on3H-quinuclidinol benzoate and3H-methylscopolamine with synaptic membranes of rat brain

Paraoxon is shown to reduce the density of M-choline receptors in the cortex of rat brain. Inhibition of³H-QNB is noncompetitive and reversible in nature. Sulfhydryl reagents do not affect this process. The mechanism of action of PO is thought to include direct effects on brain muscarine receptors. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 51–53, July, 1994     

Ca2+ transport of the skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum during readaptation of rats after a 40-day load relief on the hind paws

The rate of Ca²⁺ accumulation in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the skeletal muscle (m. gastrocnemius lateralis, m. vastus medialis, andm. soleus) is studied in rats under conditions of functional off-loading of the hind paws (suspending animals by the tail). The rate of Ca²⁺ transport in the sarcoplasmic reticulum is shown to be stepped up in all these muscles. In the sarcoplasmic reticulum ofm. gastrocnemius lateralis andm. vastus medialis the Ca²⁺ transport rate reliably drops, which does not occur inm. soleus. During a 2-week period of readaptation of animals suspended for 40 days, the Ca²⁺-transporting function of them. soleus sarcoplasmic reticulum gradually recovers to reach the control values, whereas the time course of recovery of Ca²⁺-pump activity in the sarcoplasmic reticulum ofm. gastrocnemius lateralis andm. vastus medialis has a phasic pattern. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsity, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 591–595, December, 1994 Presented by A. I. Grigor'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Initiation of apoptosis in hepatocytes during prolonged arterial hypotension and postresuscitation period

An increase in activity of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺-dependent endonucleases on the second hour of hypotension coincided with the presence of DNA fragments in agarose gel. A correlation was established between the duration of hypotension, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺-dependent endonuclease activity, and intensity of nuclear DNA fragmention. Apopotosis of hepatocytes is triggered during ischemia and develops during reperfusion. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditisiny, Vol. 125, No. 3, pp. 285–288, March, 1998     

Autostimulation of prolactin receptors in adrenal cortex of guinea pigs

Prolactin injected to male guinea pigs for 7 days considerably enhanced binding of¹²⁵I-prolactin by adrenal cortex microsomes. Scatchard analysis showed that this rise is due to an increase in the receptor binding capacity but not in their affinity. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 5, pp. 548–550, May, 1997     

Effects of chronic morphine intake on binding of NAD and GABA-benzodiazepine agonists to synaptic membranes

Nine weeks of compulsory morphine drinking decreased the specific binding of³H-muscimol to GABA receptors and¹⁴C-NAD to rat brain synaptic membranes and increased the synaptosomal uptake of¹⁴C-GABA. These effects of morphine on the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex were reversed by excessive doses of vitamin B₃. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 3, pp. 295–301, March, 1999     

Stimulation of the DNA replication and murine bone marrow cell proliferation with exogenous zinc-metallothionein

It is shown that zinc-metallothionein from rat liver increases 1.5-fold thein vitro incorporation of³H-thymidine in murine bone marrow cells. The same concentrations of zinc chloride and a mixture imitating zinc-metallothionein (zinc, cysteine, and albumin) inhibit DNA synthesis. In mice receiving an intraperitoneal injection of zinc-metallothionein 10–15 min before γ-irradiation, the incorporation of³H-thymidine and the content of nucleated cells in the bone marrow is 1.5- to 2-fold higher than those in unprotected animals, the number of endogenous splenic colonies in pretreated mice being 2.7-fold higher. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 11, pp. 505–508, November, 1996     

Effect of iodine isotope on the pituitary-thyroid and immune systems of children living on the territories polluted by radionuclides

Examination of thyroid function and immune status of children living on the territories polluted by radionuclides in 1993–1994 revealed¹³¹I-dependent thyroid autoimmune reactions. These data indicate a possible effect of¹³¹I on the pituitary-thyroid and immune systems of children living on the radiation controlled territories. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 8, pp. 216–220, August, 1998     

Na+/H+ countertransport and calcium exchange in peripheral blood cells of healthy subjects and patients with chronic heart failure

A comparative study is performed of Na⁺/H⁺ exchange and Ca²⁻ mobilization in erythrocytes and platelets of patients with stage I–II chronic heart failure caused by dilative cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart disease. A significant rise in the Na⁺/H⁺ exchange rate is found in the cells of chronic heart failure patients, which correlates with an elevated erythrocyte and platelet concentration of Ca²⁺ and an increased “calcium” response of platelets to inductors. The findings testify to a certain functional relationship between various cation-transporting cellular systems whose change in properties upon chronic heart failure can play an important pathogenic role. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 572–575, December, 1994     

Distribution of a morphogenic peptide activating the head growth of hydra in rat organs following intravascular administration of3H-labeled peptide

The organ distribution of radioactivity following intravascular bolus injection of³H-Lys-head growth activator in rats was studied. Two minutes after injection the renal level of radioactivity exceeded the blood level 7-fold; 80% of the total activity was bound with the blood cell membranes. An analysis of chemical derivatives of the labeled peptide in the plasma by means of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of several groups of radioactive metabolites with different hydrophilic properties. High-performance liquid chromatography of blood extracts obtained from samples taken 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 31, and 60 min after injection showed the transformation of initially hydrophobic head growth activator into more hydrophilic fragments. The³H-Lys-head growth activator-associated radioactivity could be reliably detected in the blood onl during the first two minutes after injection. The half-period of blood-to-organ distribution of³H-labeled head growth activator lasted less than 30 seconds. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 11, pp. 466–469, November, 1994 Presented by E. I. Chazov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

The uptake of 3-deoxy-3-iodine-glucose by normal and tumor cellsin vitro

It is found that 3-deoxy-3-iodine-glucose (3D-I-glucose) enters both erythrocytes and tumor cells at a rate close to that of glucose entry. For tumor cells the total uptake of the preparation was 6-fold higher than for erythrocytes (1500 and 250 μM/mln. cells, respectively). Phosphorylated products of 3D-I-glucose were not detected; however, the total amount of preparation in the probes dropped during incubation, indicating that it is metabolized by the cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 654–655, June, 1994     

Comparison between the renal handling of14C-Na ferrocyanide and3H-methoxy inulin in the rat

Summary ¹⁴C-sodium ferrocyanide and³H inulin were simultaneously microinjected into surface convolutions of proximal tubules or cortical peritubular capillaries of the left kidney. Ureteral urine was fractionally collected from both kidneys after each injection in order to demonstrate the subsequent excretory pattern of each substance. The results of 25 intratubular injections revealed no significant difference between the excretory pattern of either indicator. The mean total recovery of³H inulin was not significantly different from that of¹⁴C-Na ferrocyanide (P for mean difference 0.5 pairedt test). However a comparison between the time of 50% excretion of each substance revealed a slight but significant delay in the excretion of ferrocyanide [0.086±0.03 min (SE)].Each of the five cortical peritubular capillary microinjections gave rise to a similar excretory pattern for both indicators from each kidney; in every case the kinetic excretory pattern of¹⁴C ferrocyanide closely followed that of³H inulin. The mean ratio amount of ferrocyanide excreted/amount of inulin excreted, obtained for the experimental (left) kidney, did not differ significantly from that obtained for the control (right) kidney. (P for mean difference 0.2, pairedt test.)It was concluded that after simultaneous microinjection into proximal tubules or cortical peritubular capillaries no significant difference exists between the renal handling of¹⁴C-Na ferrocyanide and³H-inulin, also no loss of ferrocyanide occured either into or through the cells bordering the tubular lumen.     

Antiarrhythmic properties of a new Suphan-based combined preparation and their possible mechanism of realisation

Considerable potentiation of antiarrhythmic and antifibrilation effects of two cardiotonic agents, Suphan and the Na-channel blocker L1, was found in the model experimentsin vivo with early occlusion and reperfusion arrhythmias. Suphan in combination with L1 inhibited the rise of intracellular Ca²⁺ (by about 70%) in isolated cardiomyocytes incubated under hypoxic conditions. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii I Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 1, pp. 59–62, January, 1998     

Inhibition of low density lipoprotein oxidation by melatonin

The antioxidant activity of the lipophilic hormone melatonin, “an ideal inhibitor of free radicals,” is studied in models of cellular (peritoneal mouse macrophages) and copper-induced oxidation of low density lipoproteins. Oxidative modification of low density lipoproteins is assessed by accumulation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and degradation of¹²⁵I-labeled lipoproteins in a fresh culture of macrophages. Melatonin inhibits in a dose-dependent manner cellular and copper-induced oxidation of lipoproteins and production of the superoxide anion radical by macrophages, the mean concentrations of 50% inhibition being 300, 1230, and 900 μM, respectively. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 10, pp. 399–402, October, 1996