miR-124靶向STAT3改善脑恶性胶质瘤细胞辐射敏感性

目的 研究miR-124在放射敏感及耐受的脑恶性胶质瘤细胞LN229和LN229R中的表达以及miR-124对细胞放射敏感性的影响,并深入探讨miR-124调控LN229R细胞放射敏感性的作用机制。方法 将miR-124模拟物（miR-124）及阴性对照（miR-NC）,STAT3过表达质粒（STAT3）及pcDNA3.1质粒（pcDNA）单独或共转染到放射抵抗的胶质瘤细胞LN229R中。qRT-PCR检测LN229和LN229R细胞中miR-124的表达;克隆形成实验分析不同放射剂量下LN229R细胞的生存率以及敏感性相关参数值;流式细胞术分析LN229R细胞的凋亡情况;生物信息学预测miR-124和STAT3的靶向关系,并利用双荧光素酶报告分析加以验证;Western blot分析STAT3的蛋白表达水平。结果 与LN229组（1.02±0.09）相比,miR-124在LN229R细胞中的表达水平（0.32±0.03）显著降低,差异有统计学意义（t=12.780,P<0.05）;与miR-NC组（0.95±0.06）相比,转染miR-124模拟物可促进LN229R细胞中miR-124的表达（4.02±0.39）（t=13.476,P<0.05）;8 Gy照射条件下,miR-124过表达组癌细胞的生存率（0.003±0.000 4）显著低于miR-NC组（0.033±0.005 0）（t=5.655,P<0.05）,细胞凋亡率（22.34±2.42）%显著高于miR-NC组（4.69±0.51）%（t=12.361,P<0.05）;STAT3是miR-124的靶基因;外源回补STAT3可逆转miR-124对LN229R细胞生存的抑制作用。结论 miR-124通过靶向STAT3改善LN229R细胞的放射敏感性。     

敲低长链基因间非编码RNA-p21对乏氧肿瘤细胞放射敏感性的影响

目的 探讨敲低长链基因间非编码RNA-p21(lincRNA-p21)对乏氧肿瘤细胞放射敏感性的影响及机制。方法 实时荧光定量PCR(QRT-PCR)检测人肝癌细胞SMMC7721和脑胶质瘤细胞U251MG乏氧培养不同时间lincRNA-p21的表达。构建lincRNA-p21 siRNA慢病毒载体,经慢病毒转染建立稳定敲低lincRNA-p21的SMMC7721和U251MG细胞系。流式细胞术检测乏氧肿瘤细胞周期和凋亡。克隆形成实验检测乏氧肿瘤细胞放射敏感性。Western blot检测乏氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)和GLUT1蛋白含量。结果 SMMC7721和U251MG细胞乏氧(1%O₂)培养24和48 h,lincRNA-p21的表达随培养时间的增加逐渐升高。24和48 h与0 h组相比,lincRNA-p21表达明显升高(t=5.13、7.49、8.90、10.11,P<0.05)。稳定转染lincRNA-p21 siRNA下调乏氧肿瘤细胞中lincRNA-p21的表达(t=144.81、334.32,P<0.05)。乏氧(1%O₂)培养48 h,敲低lincRNA-p21细胞SMMC7721和U251MG发生G₂/M期阻滞(t=7.05、10.18,P<0.05);细胞凋亡明显增加(t=42.27、24.79,P<0.05);HIF-1α和GLUT1蛋白含量减少,放射敏感性增强,放射增敏比(SER)约为1.23、1.31。结论 乏氧促进肿瘤细胞中lincRNA-p21表达。敲低lincRNA-p21增强乏氧肿瘤细胞放射敏感性,其机制可能与敲低lincRNA-p21诱导细胞G₂/M期阻滞和细胞凋亡,并导致HIF-1α蛋白水平下降有关。     

miR-141过表达增强人食管癌细胞的放射敏感性

目的 研究miR-141对食管癌细胞放射敏感性的影响及可能的作用机制。方法 将miR-141 mimic或miR-对照转染到食管癌KYSE-150细胞中,分别使用qRT-PCR和Western blot技术检测miR-141和增殖相关蛋白Ki67、凋亡相关蛋白Bax和Bcl-2的表达。CCK-8,流式细胞术及克隆形成实验检测放射处理后细胞的放射敏感性变化。结果 随放射剂量的增加,食管癌细胞中miR-141表达逐渐降低（t=2.57~8.96,P<0.05）。miR-141过表达抑制了细胞的增殖和克隆形成能力,促进了KYSE-150细胞凋亡,使得放射敏感性增高（t=3.24,P<0.05）。此外,与对照组相比,miR-141过表达显著抑制KYSE-150细胞中的Ki67和Bcl-2蛋白表达（t=6.56、8.24,P<0.01）,并促进Bax蛋白表达（t=3.24,P<0.01）,进一步证实了miR-141增强食管癌细胞的放射敏感性。结论 miR-141通过调控细胞增殖和凋亡相关蛋白表达增强食管癌细胞的放射敏感性。     

受照脑胶质瘤细胞诱导神经干细胞旁效应

目的 探讨受照脑胶质瘤细胞U251是否可通过在未受照神经干细胞（NSCs）中产生旁效应从而影响神经干细胞的增殖、干性及分化等特性。方法 将细胞分为NSCs组、NSCs+U251组（与U251共培养的NSCs）和NSCs+受照U251组（与10 Gy X射线照射后的U251共培养的NSCs）。采用插入式小室共培养U251和NSCs。通过细胞计数、测量神经球直径等方法评估NSCs增殖、成球能力的变化;采用免疫荧光实验检测Nestin蛋白的表达评估NSCs干性维持能力的变化;检测Tuj1、GFAP蛋白的表达、测量分化后神经元细胞的树突数目、轴突长度以及胶质细胞突起终端数、突起长度等评估神经干细胞分化能力的变化情况。结果 NSCs+受照U251组的细胞数量明显低于NSCs+U251组（t=2.52,P<0.05）;NSCs+受照U251组的Nestin阳性率和成球能力明显低于NSCs+U251组（t=-3.50,P<0.05）;NSCs+受照U251组向神经元和胶质细胞（t=6.09,P<0.05）分化的比例和程度也明显低于NSCs+U251组。结论 受照胶质瘤细胞可通过电离辐射旁效应显著抑制未受照神经干细胞的增殖、干性和分化能力。     

核定位序列修饰的二氧化钛纳米颗粒对胶质瘤U251细胞的放射增敏作用

目的 研究核定位序列（nuclear localization sequence,NLS）修饰的二氧化钛（titanium dioxide,TiO₂）纳米颗粒对胶质瘤U251细胞放射敏感性的作用。方法 合成并表征具有细胞核靶向性的TiO₂-NLS纳米颗粒,分别用纳米颗粒和电离辐射单独或联合处理U251细胞,流式细胞仪检测活性氧（ROS）含量和细胞凋亡率,γ-H2AX焦点（foci）染色检测DNA损伤修复的情况,细胞克隆形成实验检测细胞放射敏感性的改变。结果 NLS修饰可促进TiO₂纳米颗粒进入U251细胞核,与未修饰的TiO₂纳米颗粒相比,TiO₂-NLS纳米颗粒可促进电离辐射诱导的细胞凋亡（t=8.96,P<0.05）,细胞克隆实验显示,TiO₂-BSA纳米颗粒组的放射增敏比为1.18,TiO₂-NLS纳米颗粒处理组的放射增敏比为1.29,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（t=14.72,P<0.05）。结论 具有细胞核靶向性的TiO₂纳米颗粒能够增强胶质瘤U251细胞的放射敏感性。     

miR-885-3p靶向AKT1对结直肠癌细胞HT-29放射敏感性的影响

目的 探究miR-885-3p对结直肠癌细胞HT-29放射敏感性的影响以及作用机制。方法 荧光定量PCR检测经不同剂量（0、2、4、6、8 Gy）X射线照射后HT-29细胞中miR-885-3p的表达量;建立过表达miR-885-3p细胞株,功能试验探讨其对HT-29细胞放射敏感性的影响;生物信息学预测miR-885-3p下游调控的靶基因,双荧光素酶报告基因法进一步验证;上调和下调miR-885-3p表达量探讨miR-885-3p与靶基因丝苏氨酸蛋白激酶1（AKT1）表达量的调控关系;慢病毒转染敲减AKT1表达量,观察其对HT-29细胞放射敏感性的影响;共转染miR-885-3p模拟物,探讨过表达AKT1对miR-885-3p诱导的HT-29细胞放射敏感性的影响。结果 miR-885-3p在放射诱导的HT-29细胞中表达上调（F=46.64,P<0.05）;过表达miR-885-3p和敲减AKT1可通过抑制HT-29细胞存活、促进其凋亡,从而增强HT-29细胞放射敏感性（t=12.33、12.95,P<0.05）,放射增敏比（SER）分别为1.602和1.946;抑制miR-885-3p可通过促进HT-29细胞存活、抑制其凋亡从而促进HT-29细胞放射抵抗（t=11.94,P<0.05）,SER为0.839;AKT1是miR-885-3p下游靶基因;过表达AKT1反转miR-885-3p增强HT-29放射敏感性的作用,SER为0.680。结论 miR-885-3p通过直接靶向AKT1增加结直肠癌HT-29细胞放射敏感性,为提高临床结直肠癌放疗敏感性提供一个靶点。     

渥曼青霉素对胶质瘤细胞U251的辐射增敏作用

目的 利用渥曼青霉素（wortmannin,WM）抑制人恶性胶质瘤细胞U251磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶（PI3K）通路的活性,探讨对U251细胞辐射敏感性的影响及可能的作用机制。方法 采用10 μmol/L WM预处理U251 2 h,并接受10 Gy X射线照射,检测PI3K/Akt信号通路的活性、集落形成率和凋亡的变化;通过Western blot方法检测凋亡相关蛋白活化型Caspase-3、Bax、Bcl-2及XIAP表达的变化。结果 10 μmol/L WM预处理2 h,明显抑制了U251细胞phospho-Akt的表达（t=0.000 1,P<0.01）。WM预处理联合X射线照射后,U251细胞的凋亡率由对照组和单纯照射组的（2.14±1.32）%和（11.5±2.9）%增加到（22.6±3.8）%,差异具有统计学意义（t=0.009 3、0.002 7,P<0.01）;集落形成率由对照组和单纯照射组的（88.54±4.76）%和（56.31±4.05）%降低到（12.25±9.59）%（t=0.000 03、0.000 2,P<0.01）;同时伴随着凋亡相关蛋白活化型Caspase-3表达显著增加,Bax/Bcl-2的比值明显增高以及XIAP的显著降低。结论 WM通过抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路活性,增加凋亡蛋白Caspase-3的活化和Bax/Bcl-2比值,下调凋亡抑制蛋白XIAP来增强恶性胶质瘤细胞的辐射敏感性。     

PDLIM4基因对胶质瘤预后及胶质瘤细胞放射敏感性的影响

目的 分析PDLIM4（PDZ and LIM domain 4）基因与胶质瘤预后及放射敏感性的影响。方法 应用生物信息学技术对GSE53733芯片进行分析得出差异性表达基因,并使用免疫印迹法（Western blot）检测PDLIM4蛋白表达,实时荧光定量PCR、siRNA、MTT、流式细胞法检测、X射线照射等方法研究PDLIM4基因对胶质瘤预后及胶质瘤细胞照射敏感的相关性。结果 生物信息学分析结果提示PDLIM4在芯片中表达差异最明显（logFC=1.055 897, P<0.05）。通过40例胶质瘤的qPCR结果证实PDLIM4在高级别与低级别胶质瘤中差异表达（t=4.44, P<0.05）,并与患者生存时间具有相关性（χ²=5.52, P<0.05）,且PDLIM4基因与胶质瘤细胞的放射敏感性相关（t=35.99, P<0.05）。结论 PDLIM4基因表达水平与胶质瘤恶性程度及预后相关,并参与了细胞的X射线抵抗。     

靶向Erk/Slug信号上调PUMA表达增强乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞对γ射线的敏感性

目的 研究Erk/Slug信号通路在乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231放射敏感性中的作用。方法 通过以NF-κB p65 siRNA、PUMA siRNA或Slug siRNA转染MDA-MB-231细胞,或以U0126处理该细胞之后,以4 Gy γ射线进行照射,在照射后的不同时间点检测细胞内Erk1/2、NF-κB p65、Slug和PUMA蛋白的表达,以MTT比色法检测细胞存活率,以TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡。 结果 与单纯照射组相比,NF-κB p65 siRNA/4 Gy 组,细胞PUMA表达明显下降;U0126/4 Gy组,细胞Erk1/2和Slug蛋白表达明显降低,PUMA表达明显升高;Slug siRNA/4 Gy组,Erk1/2蛋白表达无变化,但PUMA蛋白表达明显增加;同时,U0126/4 Gy组和Slug siRNA/4 Gy组,细胞照射48 h后存活率降至最低点,分别为19.78±2.71（F=11.39,P<0.05）和17.41±4.58（F=15.31,P<0.05）,细胞凋亡率升至最高点,分别为28.61±4.70（F=9.84,P<0.05）和 27.55±6.41（F=10.31,P<0.05）;NF-κBp65 siRNA/4 Gy组和PUMA siRNA/4 Gy组,细胞照射24h后存活率分别为85.65±9.60（F=12.31,P<0.05）和87.53±11.50（F=13.68,P<0.05）,细胞凋亡率明显下降,分别为3.28±0.78（F=10.83,P<0.05）和3.46±0.84（F=9.92,P<0.05）。结论 γ 射线照射后24 h内,MDA-MB-231细胞敏感性与依赖于NF-κB上调的PUMA表达有关;而照射24 h后,细胞的辐射抵抗性与依赖于Erk1/2上调的Slug表达有关,后者对PUMA表达有明显的抑制作用。     

RNA干扰抑制c-jun基因表达对放射抗拒人鼻咽癌细胞系CNE-2R放射敏感性的影响

目的 利用RNA干扰技术抑制放射抗拒人鼻咽癌细胞系CNE-2R中高表达的c-jun基因,研究其对CNE-2R细胞放射敏感性的影响及其潜在机制.方法 设计合成3组特异性针对c-jun基因的siRNA,构建慢病毒vshRNA载体,感染CNE-2R细胞,采用RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测各组对目的基因的抑制效果;并通过克隆形成实验测定其放射敏感性,CCK-8实验检测细胞的存活能力,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率.结果 重组慢病毒c-jun-RNAi-LV2能明显下调CNE-2R细胞中c-jun的mRNA和蛋白水平的表达(F=217.20、42.07, P<0.05).6 MV X射线联合c-jun-RNAi-LV2组在0、2、4、6和8 Gy照射后细胞的吸光度值均显著低于未转染组和阴性对照组(F=42.70~200.67, P<0.05).克隆形成实验显示,c-jun-RNAi-LV2组与未转染组及阴性对照组相比,SF₂、D₀和D_q值均减小,放射增敏比(SER_D0)为1.41.细胞凋亡实验结果显示,未经照射的c-jun-RNAi-LV2组与联合2 Gy照射的凋亡率分别为(20.93±1.99)%和(38.17±0.83)%,均高于未转染组和阴性对照组的凋亡率[0 Gy:(10.97±0.70)%和(20.43±0.25)%;2 Gy:(10.80±1.25)%和(19.53±1.50)%;F=50.54、330.14, P<0.05].结论 RNA干扰技术可有效抑制放射抗拒人鼻咽癌细胞系CNE-2R中高表达的c-jun基因,使细胞放射敏感性增高,其作用可能与c-jun基因的下调使细胞增殖能力减弱,细胞凋亡增多有关.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.