食管电生理检查对阵发性室上性心动过速诊断的评估

食管电生理检查是一种常用的无创性临床电生理诊断和治疗技术，具有安全、可靠、简便的优点。本文对162例阵发性室上性心动过速的食管与心内电生理检查结果进行分析，旨在评估食管电生理检查对室上性心动过速诊断的准确性。     

经食管心房调搏对阵发性室上性心动过速的诊断价值

目的 探讨经食管心房调搏对阵发性室上性心动过速的分型及定位诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析食管心房调搏对193例阵发性室上性心动过速分型及定位诊断结果，并与心内电生理检查诊断结果比较。结果 经食管心房调搏对慢-快型AVNRT及顺向性AVRT的诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性均较高，对少见型AVNRT的诊断敏感性低(25％)。结论 阵发性室上性心动过速发作时食管与体表心电图P^-波起始与极性是诊断阵发性室上性心动过速的关键。经食管心房调搏对心动过速旁道定位误诊原因主要是心动过速时体表心电图P^-波往往与T波融合，导致V1、I导联P^-波极性及V1导联P^-波起始部形态改变。     

阵发性室上性心动过速的电生理研究及心电图特征

分析129例阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)的构成比、电生理和心电图特征。129例中窦房折返性心动过速3例(2％);房内折返性心动过速6例(5%);房室结折返性心动过速41例(32%);房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)79例(61％)。本文结果:PSVT以AVRT最为多见。各型室上速有其各自的电生理及心电图特征。     

阵发性室上性心动过速的心内电生理检查(附60例分析)

报告60例阵发性室上性心动过速病人心内电生理检查结果。分析各种PSVT的发生率并探讨AVNRT与AVRT鉴别以及房室结传导加速等问题。     

食管电生理诊断室上性心动过速及其分型的意义

目的探讨食管电生理对室上性心动过速(SVT)诊断及分型的准确性。方法收集近两年经射频消融治疗的SVT病例,选择其中食管电生理和心内电生理资料完整的41例,将两种电生理检查对SVT诊断及分型比较,进行χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果两种电生理检查诊断房室结双径路(DAVNP)、慢快型房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)、常见的顺向型房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)差异无统计学意义;食管电生理对房室旁路(AP)的粗略定位准确性较高,但对快慢型AVNRT、慢AP参于的AVRT与房性心动过速不易辨别。结论食管电生理虽不易辨别少见型SVT,但诊断常见型SVT及分型准确性方面与心内电生理有相似的价值,且具有无创、简便、费用低等优点。     

食管电生理PV1—PE和R—PE对室上性心动过速的诊断价值

以射频消融成功确诊室上性主动过速类型的４８例病人作为对照，探讨食管电生理检查中ＰＶ１－ＰＥ，Ｒ－ＰＥ的诊断价值。结果显示：１．室上性心动过速的左侧旁道组１９例ＰＥ领先，呈左侧偏心性房激动；右侧旁道组１１例ＰＶ１领先，呈右侧偏心性心房激素；房室结折返组ＰＶ１与ＰＥ几乎同时出现，呈中心性心房激动；２．３组ＰＶ１－ＰＥ与心内电生理右左心房激动时差ΔＡ差异均无显著意义，两者均呈直线相关；３．组Ｒ－ＰＥ均大     

阵发性室上性心动过速1例

患者男性,28岁。反复发作心慌2年,无明显诱因,突发突止,每次发作几分钟至几十分钟,休息后自行终止,故未经任何治疗。2002年12月6日早晨起床时突然心慌,持续4h来院就诊,既往无心脏病史。查体：一般情况可,血压120／70mmHg,心电图示：P波不能辨认,心室率168次／min,QRS波无宽大畸形,无预激波。诊断为阵发性室上性心动过速。     

无创性电生理检查对阵发性室上性心动过速的评价

为探索无创性电生理检查对阵发性室上性心动过速（ＰＳＶＴ）类型的鉴别价值，采用Ｖ１导联Ｐ波（Ｐｖ１）和体表右胸导联Ｐ波（ＰＲＡＭ），反映右房激动电位；４个单极食管导联（ＰＶＥ）和一个双极食管导联Ｐ波（ＰＶＥＢ），反映左房激动电位。通过以上导联同步描记来观察左、右心房激动顺序，应用食管心房调搏的方法，基本可区别房室结折返和房室折返性心动过速以及其它形式的ＰＳＶＴ。     

舌下含服维拉帕米治疗阵发性室上性心动过速临床研究

目的 探讨舌下含服维拉帕米对阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)的治疗作用.方法 经心电图检查确诊的42例PSVT患者随机分成二组,舌下含服维拉帕米组22例(A组)和静脉注射维拉帕米组20例(B组).分别于用药前、PSVT终止后记录血压、心率、起效时间(用药后心率下降达20次/分以上时为起效时间)和PSVT终止时间,并记录症状改善情况.结果A组:起效时间(7.05±1.79)分钟,PSVT终止时间(11.14±8.82)分钟,成功率90.90%;B组:起效时间(7.27±3.13)分钟,PSVT终止时间(9.15±6.81)分钟,成功率95.00%.二组比较疗效差异无显著性(P>0.05).结论 该方法简单起效快,疗效好,无明显副作用,具有推广应用价值.     

普罗帕酮治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的疗效

目的总结我院普罗帕酮治疗阵发性室上性心动过速的疗效。方法阵发性室上性心动过速患者,给予普罗帕酮70mg加入10%葡萄糖注射液20ml中静脉注射,5～8min注完;首剂未能转律者,再每10分钟注射普罗帕酮35mg,最大累积用量不超过175mg。复律后给予口服普罗帕酮150～200mg,每日3次,维持治疗。结果48例(48/62,77%)首剂即转窦性心律,10例追加剂量后转为窦性,总有效率93.5%。继续以普罗帕酮治疗,随访半年以上未见复发。结论普罗帕酮能有效终止阵发性室上性心动过速。     

经食道心房调搏诊断阵发性室上性心动过速的临床价值

目的探讨经食管心房调搏（TEAP）检查诊断阵发性室上性心动过速（PSVT）的临床价值。方法纳入临床诊断为PSVT患者74例,通过TEAP检查予以诱发以及终止PSVT,记录并分析PSVT心电图参数,包括诱发窗口、诱发频率、房室结不应期等,并与心腔内电生理（IEPS）检查结果进行比较。结果 TEAP检查的诱发窗口、诱发频率、房室结不应期与IEPS检查结果相关性良好（P＜0.05）, TEAP检查诊断PSVT的符合率达83.8%（62/74）,诱发的PSVT均能通过TEAP予以终止。结论 TEAP检查可有效评估PSVT的电生理特性,准确率高,值得临床广泛应用。     

Radiofrequency catheter ablation for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: a report of 135 procedures

Background: Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT) is a common condition which until recently has been treated with anti-arrhythmic drugs or surgery. Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation is a new mode of treatment which provides a cure of this condition. Aims: To present our early experience of RF catheter ablation for PSVT. Methods: One hundred and thirty-five procedures were performed in 117 patients. The diagnostic study and therapeutic catheter ablation were performed as a combined electrophysiological procedure in 74 patients (63%). In 58 patients (50%), PSVT was due to Atrio-ventricular junctional (nodal) re-entrant tachycardia (AVJRT). Twenty-five of the 58 patients underwent a fast pathway ablation while 33 had ablation of their slow pathway. The mean number of radio-frequency pulses delivered was ten for a mean duration of 25 seconds. Radiofrequency ablation of accessory pathways was attempted in 58 patients; pathways were left-sided in 29 patients, postero-septal in 21, midseptal in five, Mahaim connection in two, antero-septal in one and right free wall in one patient. One patient with incessant automatic atrial tachycardia also underwent a successful RF ablation. Results: Using RF ablation cure of PSVT was achieved in 90% of patients. Cure of AVJRT was achieved in 95% (55/58) of patients using either fast or slow pathway ablation. Only one patient required permanent pacemaker implantation for Mobitz type I AV block following fast pathway ablation. The overall success rate for ablation of accessory pathways was 85%. There is an operator learning curve for this procedure suggested by the fact that the success rate for accessory pathway ablation at first attempt was 63% in the first 29 patients and 93% in the remaining 29. There was no significant morbidity or mortality during or after the procedure. In a mean follow-up of nine months in the patients with successful ablation only two patients with AVJRT had a recurrence of documented PSVT. Both these patients had successful repeat RF ablation. Catheter ablation using radiofrequency energy is an effective and safe therapeutic option for patients with symptomatic PSVT. (Aust NZ J Med 1993; 23: 317–324.)     

Evaluation of psychopathology in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

BACKGROUND: A higher prevalence of anxiety- and depression-related symptoms are expected in patients with at least one somatic disease and who are on medications compared with the general population. OBJECTIVES: To determine if patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) show a higher prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms compared with a control population. The induction of depressive symptoms by beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers was also evaluated. METHODS: Twenty-five patients (17 women, eight men) with documented PSVT (atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia or atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia) were evaluated by a battery of questionnaires and inventories, which provide information about the presence of symptoms of anxiety and/or depression. All patients were examined by a psychiatrist and completed the following five scales: Symptom Checklist-90, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale and Beck Self-Assessment Depression Scale. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the evaluations (Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Beck Self-Assessment Depression Scale, Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale), did not show a higher incidence of severe symptoms of depression in the group of patients with PSVT. However, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale rated the symptoms of depression as significant, but the score was low enough to be considered nonsignificant. According to the Symptom Checklist-90, men perceived the presence of the cardiological disease more intensively and more negatively than women (P=0.1). Psychiatric history and therapy with psychopharmacological agents were comparable in both groups. It was noted that patients had sporadic contacts with a psychiatrist or a psychologist, but this was not directly associated with PSVT.     

Clinical experience with surgery for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: a report of 103 cases

One-hundred-and-three patients underwent surgery for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). In eighty-three patients (81%), PSVT was due to an accessory atrioventricular pathway (Group I) and in 20 (19%) to Atrioventricular Junctional (AV nodal) Reentrant Tachycardia (AVJRT:Group II). Initial surgery successfully divided 77 of 83 accessory pathways, including 58 of 60 left free wall pathways, 12 of 15 posteroseptal pathways, six of seven right free wall pathways and one anteroseptal pathway. Twenty patients had successful surgery for AVJRT. Surgery was performed with low morbidity and no early or late mortality in either group. One patient in each group required permanent pacemaker implantation. Immediate (within one week) postoperative electrophysiological study using epicardial wires was performed in 96% of patients and repeat electrophysiological study six months later was possible in 65/103 (63%) patients. Patients with surgery for accessory pathways were followed-up for a mean 34 ± 23 months, while those with surgery for AVJRT for a mean of 13 ± seven months. No patient with successful surgery has had a clinical recurrence of PSVT. Thus the results indicate that surery is a safe and curative therapy for patients with PSVT. (Aust NZ J Med 1992; 22: 134–138.)     

静脉注射三磷酸腺苷终止阵发性室上性心动过速有效剂量的探讨

目的　对符合诊断的 46例具有阵发性室上性心动过速 (paroxysm al supraventriculartachycardia,PSVT)的患者 ,经周围静脉注射三磷酸腺苷 (adenosine triphosphate,ATP) ,探讨其终止心动过速的有效剂量。　方法　通过食管起搏或心内电生理检查的方法诱发心动过速。以肘静脉为给药部位 ,以 0 .0 5 0 mg· kg- 1为起始剂量 ,以 0 .0 2 5 m g· kg- 1为递增量 ,用药剂量直至 PSVT终止或因症状较重而不能忍受。　结果　终止本组心动过速所需 ATP最小有效剂量为 0 .0 5 0 mg· kg- 1 ,最大剂量为0 .2 0 0 mg· kg- 1 ,终止全部心动过速所需 ATP剂量平均为 0 .118mg· kg- 1 ,95 %的可信区间为[0 .0 35 ,0 .2 0 2 ]。终止过程有轻度的胸部压迫感、乏力、头晕等症状 ,所有患者均无晕厥发生。　结论　采用个体化的用药方法 ,以 0 .15 0 mg· kg- 1为起始剂量的 ATP终止 PSVT的有效率为 82 .6 % ,效果好且没有明显的副作用 ,故推荐采用以此剂量为起始的递增用药方法终止心动过速     

小剂量三磷酸腺苷治疗阵发性室上性心动过速临床观察

目的观察小剂量三磷酸腺苷（ATP）治疗阵发性室上性心动过速（PSVT）的疗效及不良反应,探讨小剂量ATP治疗PSVT的价值。方法82例急诊PSVT患者,随机分成2组。小剂量ATP组45例,给予ATP0．1mg／kg快速静脉注射,随即给予20ml生理盐水快速静脉注射。普罗帕酮组37例,给予70懈普罗帕酮静脉注射。结果小剂量ATP组复律38例,普罗帕酮组复律31例,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,但前者复律时间明显短于后者（P〈0．01）。ATP组7例未复律者,经使用普罗帕酮复律。普罗帕酮组6例未复律者,2例经刺激迷走神经而复律,另4例经重复使用普罗帕酮而复律。ATP组不良反应发生率高于普罗帕酮组（P〈0．05）,但不良反应短暂而轻微。结论小剂量ATP治疗PSVT的有效率与普罗帕酮相当,虽然不良反应发生率较高,但短暂而轻微,具有复律时间短、不影响后续抗心律失常药物使用的优点。     

异丙肾上腺素与阿托品诱发阵发性室上性心动过速的对比观察

目的 对比观察异丙肾上腺素与阿托品试验在经食管心房调搏中诱发室上性心动过速的异同。方法 87例阵发性室上性心动过速病人,54例用异丙肾上腺素(Iso组,2μg/min静脉滴注),33例用阿托品(Atr组,0.04mg/kg静脉注射)后重复经食管心房调搏检查。结果 异丙肾上腺素与阿托品诱发成功率分别为83.3%、66.7%,前者略高于后者,但两者无显著差异(P>0.05);异丙肾上腺素诱发房室结折返性心动过速多于房室折返性心动过速,而阿托品诱发房室折返性心动过速多于房室结折返性心动过速,两者有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论 异丙肾上腺素、阿托品均可取得大致相同的阵发性室上性心动过速的诱发成功率,仅在诱发室上性心动过速的类型上有一定差异。