胸壁大块缺损外科重建71例报告

目的 探讨胸壁大块缺损后不同外科技术重建的效果.方法 1995年9月至2005年9月对71例不同病因的胸壁大块缺损患者采用多种方法 进行胸壁重建.骨性胸廓重建采用自体组织(肋骨条、阔筋膜、肌瓣)或人工材料(Dacron片、聚四氟乙烯网片 钛合金条、金属丝支架加大网膜片、Dacron和骨水泥构成的三明治式复合体).皮下软组织修复主要应用转移皮瓣、肌皮瓣或大网膜瓣.结果 全组无手术死亡和局部肿瘤复发,2例因感染摘除金属植入物.术后呼吸功能良好,无反常呼吸运动.结论 背阔肌瓣和大网膜瓣修复软组织效果较好,后者对因感染引起的胸壁缺损效果更佳.Dacron片和骨水泥构成的三明治式复合体适用于大块骨性胸廓缺损的重建.     

胸壁肿瘤的外科治疗（附57例报告）

胸壁肿瘤以良性居多，但胸骨肿瘤以恶性为主。胸痛和肿块是本病两大征象：Ｘ线胸片是诊断骨性胸壁肿瘤的主要方法；术前经皮穿刺活检可选用于胸壁软组织肺瘤。胸壁广泛切除和胸壁重建术是恶性胸壁肿瘤治疗成功的关键。多孔有机玻璃板是转理想的廉价的胸壁重建材料。对于术后复发者，只要无远处较移，应尽力再次手术切除。     

胸壁肿瘤切除术胸壁缺损钛网重建五例

胸壁肿瘤的根治性大块切除所致的胸壁缺损必将破坏胸膜腔的密闭性和胸廓的坚固性与稳定性,容易导致血气胸、胸壁软化、反常呼吸及纵隔摆动、低氧血症、伤口和肺部感染、肺动脉栓塞等,严重影响呼吸循环功能。因此,对胸壁大块缺损必须予以妥善的修复。我院于2010年5月至2013年11月为5例胸壁肿瘤患者施行胸壁肿瘤扩大切除术,用钛网修补缺损,效果满意,现总结其临床经验。     

人工补片胸壁重建治疗胸壁巨大缺损

目的总结应用人工补片胸壁重建治疗胸壁巨大缺损的疗效。方法 2002年1月-2008年10月,收治14例胸壁肿瘤患者。男10例,女4例;年龄28～67岁,平均45岁。原发性肿瘤11例,转移性肿瘤3例。肿瘤位于前胸壁5例,后胸壁3例,侧胸壁6例。病程20～270 d。患者均行扩大根治切除术,切除2～5根肋骨,胸壁缺损范围9 cm×7 cm～17 cm×12 cm,采用单层或双层Marlex网片结合自体肌肉瓣覆盖重建胸壁。结果患者均顺利完成手术。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。胸壁无明显反常呼吸。14例均获随访,随访时间13～26个月,平均21个月。随访期间未出现与材料有关的宿主反应。患者胸壁无明显畸形,外观良好,呼吸运动时胸壁重建处无不适。1例因肿瘤复发伴肝脏转移死亡。结论人工补片胸壁重建治疗胸壁巨大缺损安全、有效。     

乳腺癌术后胸壁复发再手术时胸壁重建方法探讨(附6例报告)

目的 探讨乳腺癌根治术后,或术后加放疗后,局部胸壁复发需再次手术时,形成全胸壁缺损修复及重建的相应方法.方法 本组6例胸壁缺损大小,部位均不同,采用皮瓣及肌皮瓣修复、人工材料重建胸壁等手术方法.结果 全胸壁缺损宜采用人工材料修补,尤以"三明治"法为优.除1例三个月后因人工材料与机体组织不相容而取出外,余均获得成功.结论 应根据不同部位、不同缺损面积及术后是否放疗而采用相应修复及重建方法,既能提高手术成功率又能提升生存质量.     

Poland综合征胸壁畸形的外科治疗（附三例报告）

Poled综合征是一种少见的先天性前胸壁及上肢畸形,又称胸大肌缺损并指综合征.2003年7月至2007年8月,我们行胸壁重建手术矫治Poland综合征胸壁畸形3例,疗效满意,现报告如下.     

胸壁全层缺损的修复重建

目的探讨胸壁全层缺损的修复重建方法及疗效。方法 2006年1月-2010年12月,收治14例胸壁全层缺损患者。男8例,女6例;年龄23～65岁,平均42岁。恶性肿瘤切除术后继发胸壁全层缺损12例,乳腺癌术后继发放射性损伤1例,热压伤1例。缺损范围为8 cm×5 cm～26 cm×14 cm。所有患者均伴肋骨缺损(1～5根),3例伴胸骨缺损。术中10例患者应用涤纶网或聚四氟乙烯补片行骨性重建,4例未作骨性重建。分别采用双叶皮瓣、胸大肌肌皮瓣、背阔肌肌皮瓣、腹直肌肌皮瓣修复软组织缺损,皮瓣切取范围为10 cm×7 cm～25 cm×13 cm。供区直接拉拢缝合或游离植皮修复。结果术后2例发生创面愈合不良,经再次彻底清创、肌皮瓣修复和补充植皮后愈合;其余皮瓣均顺利成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合。术后患者均获随访,随访时间6～36个月,平均8个月。除1例骨肉瘤患者因肝转移于术后6个月死亡,其他肿瘤患者随访期间均无复发。热压伤患者未同期行胸壁骨性重建,术后5 d出现短暂轻度反常呼吸,其他患者术后胸廓稳定性良好,无明显反常呼吸及呼吸困难。结论根据胸壁缺损病因、面积和部位,单独或联合应用局部皮瓣或肌皮瓣进行胸壁软组织缺损修复,必要时应用人工材料行胸壁骨性重建,可有效修复严重胸壁全层缺损。     

人工材料胸壁重建研究进展

影响胸壁缺损重建的因素很多 ,但主要是缺损的部位、大小和深度。缺损范围较小或特殊部位的缺损 ,如前胸壁直径小于 5cm ,后胸壁小于 10cm ,一般直接缝合即可。但全层大块胸壁缺损 ,尤其在前胸壁及侧胸壁 ,范围超过 6cm× 6cm且相连 3根以上肋骨受损时 ,应考虑行胸壁骨性重建 ,以恢复胸廓的坚固性和稳定性 ,否则术后将引起胸壁软化和反常呼吸 ,造成呼吸、循环的紊乱〔1 - 5〕。重建胸壁缺损的材料分为自体组织、同种异体组织和人工材料。自体组织和同种异体组织虽然被认为是最符合人体生理的修复材料 ,但取材有限、增加创伤、增加手术难度、…     

胸壁肿瘤切除后胸壁大块缺损的修复重建

目的探讨胸壁肿瘤切除后胸壁大块缺损的修复重建方法。方法回顾性分析近10年来24例胸壁肿瘤切除后胸壁大块缺损患者的临床资料,24例患者均联合应用不锈钢丝和绦纶补片进行胸壁重建。结果全组无手术死亡,无胸壁软化及反常呼吸运动,无切口感染,1例术后发生伤口局部积液。全组患者术后随访1月～10年,无1例钢丝断裂及反常呼吸,胸壁凹陷畸形不明显,胸廓外形的满意率达95.8%（23/24）。结论不锈钢丝和涤纶补片是修复重建胸壁大块缺损的一种很好材料,取材方便,操作简便,胸廓稳定性良好,临床疗效确切。     

Reconstruction of complex and unusual defects of the thoracic wall

Summary From 1981 to. 1989, a total of 13 procedures were performed on 12 patients requiring complex reconstructions of the thoracic wall. The most common cause of these defects was cancer. Muscle flaps remain the treatment of choice for thoracic wall reconstruction and have been used in 10 cases. Microsurgical tissue transfer opens even larger therapeutic perspectives. A team approach is recommended.     

Reconstruction of the chest wall following extended interscapulothoracic amputation and chest wall resection

Summary Extended interscapulothoracic amputation is a major operative procedure indicated in the treatment of malignant primary bony and soft tissue tumors involving the shoulder girdle and chest wall. The technique of chest wall resection and its reconstruction is described in two patients with recurrent malignant fibrous histiocytoma following extended interscapulothoracic amputation some months earlier. The stability of the chest wall was restored by using marlex mesh as a sandwich of two layers of mesh with methylmethacrylate interposed. Because of damage of the tissue around the chest wall resection by previous radiation therapy, free myocutaneous flaps were used for closure of the defects. Using this technique for reconstruction of large areas of the chest wall, it is feasible to restore sufficient pulmonary function and to obtain closure under unfavorable conditions. This operative technique can be used as a curative or palliative treatment following interscapulothoracic amputation of recurrent musculoskeletal tumors.     

Using a bioabsorbable copolymer plate for chest wall reconstruction

Reconstruction of the chest wall in a child is an uncommon problem for pediatric surgeons. The available material for chest wall reconstruction typically has been borrowed from the adult experience. The authors describe their recent experience with a commercially available bioabsorbable plate in a variety of conditions that require chest wall reconstruction.     

Chondrosarcoma of the chest wall: a clinical analysis

Purpose. To discuss the management of different histological types of chondrosarcoma (CS) in the chest wall based on our clinical experience. Methods. The subjects of this study were 16 patients with CS of the chest wall surgically treated by resection at our institute between September 1981 and August 2000. There were 11 men and 5 women ranging in age from 23 to 74 years. The median follow-up period was 54 months. The tumor was located only in the ribs in ten patients, in the sternum and ribs in three, only in the sternum in two, and in the ribs and spine in one. The surgical margins were wide in 12 patients and marginal in four. Reconstruction using Marlex mesh combined with moldable metal plates was carried out to prevent flail chest in nine patients, resection alone was performed in five patients, and a muscular flap was used in two patients. Results. The survival rate was 86% after a median follow-up period of 54 months. One operative death (6.2%) occurred, and another required temporary tracheostomy. There were no infections in this series. Oncological outcome was clinically related to surgical margins and recurrence. The postoperative respiratory function test result was 10% less than the preoperative one. Conclusion. This series demonstrated that wide resection is the treatment of choice for chest wall CS and that Marlex mesh combined with metallic mouldable plates is a reliable technique for reconstruction. Received: April 3, 2001 / Accepted: November 20, 2001     

Desmoid tumor of the chest wall following chest surgery: Report of a case

Desmoid tumors of the chest wall following chest surgery are a rare occurrence. A case of this disease is reported herein together with a review of the literature. A 74-year-old man, who had previously undergone a right lower lobectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, was referred to our hospital with an abnormal shadow on his chest X-ray. The tumor, located in the right lateral chest wall, was successfully resected by an aggressive, wide extirpation, and a final diagnosis of a desmoid tumor originating in the chest wall was made. When following up patients after surgery for lung cancer, the possibility of desmoid tumors developing in the incised chest wall should therefore be kept in mind.     

A new method of stabilizing the chest wall following major chest wall resection

Summary Prosthetic materials, such as metals, marlex mesh and methyl methacrylate have been used for stabilization of the chest wall after resection of large areas of rib cage. Such materials are contraindicated in an infected area. A new method of providing a stable chest wall using autogenous tissue is presented.     

An innovative technique of chest wall stabilization and reconstruction in traumatic flail chest: The figure-of-eight suture with polypropylene mesh and musculofascial flap

Surgical stabilization of the flail chest is challenging and has no established guidelines. Chest wall integrity and stability are the main factors that ensure the protection of intrathoracic organs and an adequate respiratory function. Here, we report a novel chest wall reconstruction technique in a 45-year-old man with a traumatic left flail chest and open pneumothorax diagnosed both clinically and radiographically. Rib approximation and chest wall reconstruction was done using intercostal figure-of-eight suture and polypropylene mesh with vascularized musculofascial flap. The patient improved gradually and was discharged after three weeks of total hospital stay. He returned to regular working after a month with no evidence of respiratory distress or paradoxical chest movement. Follow-up visit at one year revealed no lung hernia or paradoxical chest movement. This is a novel, feasible and cost-effective modification of chest wall reconstruction that can be adopted for thoracic wall repair in case of open flail chest, which needs emergency surgical interventions even in resource constraint settings.     

胸壁外科疾病的治疗进展

胸壁外科曾是传统胸外科亚专业学科,具有古老的研究和临床实践历史,近年逐渐走向独立,成为一个崭新专业领域.由于观念发生变化及边缘学科的进步深入了对相关疾病认识,胸壁外科疾病的治疗涌现出新特点.本文从胸壁外科专业角度对胸壁外科所属的5类疾病(胸壁创伤、胸壁畸形、胸壁肿瘤、胸壁感染及胸壁缺损)治疗进展予以综述.