尺骨截骨矫形环状韧带重建治疗儿童陈旧孟氏骨折

目的探讨通过尺骨截骨结合环状韧带重建术治疗陈旧性儿童孟氏骨折的临床效果。方法本文回顾分析了自2010—2015年收治的儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折11例,其中男9例,女2例;年龄9~16岁,平均12.5岁。采用Boyd切口,显露肱桡关节、上尺桡关节及尺骨近端,对成角或短缩畸形的尺骨行截骨矫形,1/3管形钢板固定,切除嵌在肱桡关节或近端尺桡关节中残存的环状韧带和瘢痕组织,复位桡骨头后用克氏针固定,取前臂深筋膜绕桡骨颈重建环状韧带。如残存的环状韧带足够长可将其与纤维瘢痕视为一体合拢缠绕桡骨颈重建环状韧带。术后石膏外固定4~6周,拆除石膏,拔除克氏针后行功能锻练。结果随访10例,随访时间6~48个月。疗效评价:优8例,良1例,差l例,优良率达90%。肘关节由术前的屈25°~50°、伸5°~10°、旋前旋后5°~20°,改善为术后的屈90°~120°、伸0°~5°、旋前旋后75°~90°,功能改善明显。结论尺骨截骨矫正成角或短缩畸形,结合环状韧带重建治疗儿童陈旧孟氏骨折疗效满意。     

儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折遗留关节功能障碍的早期手术治疗体会

目的探讨儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折遗留关节功能障碍早期手术方法及近期疗效。方法回顾性分析2009-01—2014-06诊治的16例儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折。7例行尺骨截骨矫形,9例行尺骨截骨延长;然后均行桡骨头切开复位、环状韧带修补及关节囊紧缩缝合术。10例肱桡关节克氏针贯穿固定,7例尺骨截骨端克氏针髓内固定,9例接骨板固定。结果16例均获得随访12~28个月,平均15.6个月。末次随访时,1例前臂旋前受限于50°。肘关节伸直0°~10°,平均4°;屈曲120°~145°,平均133°;旋前70°~90°,平均75°;旋后80°~90°,平均87°。疗效采用Mackay临床功能标准评定,优8例,良7例,差1例。结论儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折早期手术,尺骨截骨矫形(或延长)、桡骨头切开复位是恢复肱桡关节及上尺桡关节正常结构的关键,视桡骨头稳定情况行肱桡关节克氏针短期固定,为关节功能早期恢复创造条件。     

Ilizarov技术分期治疗青少年陈旧孟氏骨折

目的探讨Ilizarov技术分期治疗青少年陈旧孟氏骨折肘关节畸形的方法和临床疗效。方法回顾分析我院2014年6月至2017年6月收治的青少年陈旧孟氏骨折肘关节畸形病例5例,采用Ilizarov技术一期尺骨截骨延长,二期桡骨头脱位切开复位肱桡关节内固定术,三期解除肱桡关节克氏针和Ilizarov支架,四期强化功能锻炼。观察桡骨头脱位复位情况,尺骨成角矫正情况,尺骨延长长度,尺骨延长所需天数,尺骨愈合时间,肘关节屈伸活动度、前臂旋转功能、腕关节及手指伸直度情况等指标。结果 5例随访时间3~6个月,桡骨头复位良好,尺骨病理成角基本矫正,尺骨平均延长2.34cm,延长至合适长度平均需时48.6d,尺骨愈合时间平均78.4d。肘关节由术前伸5°~10°,屈50°~70°,旋前10°~20°旋后5°~15°改善为过伸5°~伸0°,屈100°~110°,旋前40°~75°,旋后40°~60°。无合并桡神经深支损伤的患者,伸指伸腕正常。2例桡神经深支损伤患者伸腕50°,伸指-20°。患者主观满意。结论 Ilizarov技术分期治疗青少年陈旧孟氏骨折肘关节畸形尺骨延长满意,愈合良好,桡骨头脱位复位可靠,不短缩桡骨,同时不重建环状韧带,方法简单,短期随访疗效满意,可供临床选择使用。     

影像学特征不典型的向后孟氏骨折的诊断与治疗

目的分析向后孟氏骨折的不典型影像学特征并探讨其诊断与治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2019年7至2020年12月北京积水潭医院创伤骨科收治的12例影像学特征不典型的向后孟氏骨折患者资料, 男7例, 女5例;年龄18～65岁, 平均46.5岁;肘关节X线及CT影像学特征:上尺桡脱位不明显;在冠状突水平或临近冠状突水平尺骨骨折端前方可见三角形或四边形蝶形骨片;肱桡关节正常或桡骨头向前脱位, 但桡骨头呈粉碎骨折、桡骨头前缘骨折或桡骨颈向后成角骨折。尺骨近端骨折采用鹰嘴解剖锁定钢板或辅助克氏针张力带固定, 尺骨冠状突骨折采用克氏针、拉力螺钉或微型钢板固定, 桡骨头骨折采用埋头钉、微型钢板或桡骨头置换, 外侧副韧带损伤严重者带线锚钉修复。记录患者骨折愈合时间、并发症及末次随访时肘关节活动度、Mayo肘关节功能评分(MEPS)。结果 12例患者术后获6～28个月(平均16.4个月)随访。所有患者骨折均获骨性愈合, 愈合时间12～19周, 平均14.6周。末次随访时肘关节屈伸活动度75°～145°, 平均100.5°;前臂旋转度为80°～155°, 平均132.0°;MEPS为50～100分, 平均86....     

尺骨近端粉碎性骨折伴肘关节不稳定的治疗

目的 探讨尺骨近端粉碎性骨折伴肘关节不稳定的治疗方法及疗效.方法 尺骨近端粉碎性骨折伴肘关节不稳定患者33例,男23例,女10例;年龄21～61岁,平均41.3岁.11例合并桡骨头骨折,15例合并尺骨冠突骨折,7例同时合并桡骨头及尺骨冠突骨折.采用钢板螺钉内固定治疗,其中一期植骨9例.合并桡骨头骨折患者,如骨折粉碎不严重,复位后用克氏针固定,并修补环状韧带;如骨折粉碎严重,则行人工桡骨头置换,同时取自体掌长肌腱重建环状韧带.合并尺骨冠突骨折患者,12例Ⅱ、Ⅲ型骨折患者,选用克氏针或拉力螺钉固定骨折块,同时探查尺侧副韧带前束,如损伤予以修复或重建;4例Ⅳ型骨折患者,取自体骨重建冠突,取自体掌长肌腱重建尺侧副韧带前束.结果 患者伤口均一期愈合,骨折愈合率为100%.术后随访8～36个月,平均22个月.3例有创伤性关节炎表现,4例发生轻度创伤性骨化.肘关节平均屈伸范围为112°±24°,前臂平均旋转活动范围为108°±27°.按照Morrey等肘关节功能评定标准进行评价:优10例,良14例,可7例,差2例,总优良率为72.7%.结论 治疗尺骨近端粉碎性骨折伴肘关节不稳可采用钢板螺钉固定尺骨近端骨折,必要时行一期植骨,注意对桡骨头、尺骨冠突骨折及肘关节侧副韧带损伤的治疗,以防止肘关节不稳定.     

低龄儿童2年以内陈旧性孟氏骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨低龄儿童2年以内陈旧性孟氏骨折手术治疗的疗效。方法对38例2年以内陈旧性孟氏骨折低龄患儿采取尺骨近端截骨克氏针内固定,桡骨小头切开复位、肱桡关节克氏针内固定。结果 38例全部得到随访,时间2~12个月。术后2例发生桡骨小头半脱位。4例桡神经损伤患儿功能完全恢复,其余患儿肘关节无畸形,无疼痛。肘关节伸直活动范围0°~20°(6°±4°),屈曲活动120°~135°(130°±5°),旋前平均80°±5°,旋后平均85°±5°。根据Mackay标准评定:优30例(78.9%),良6例(15.8%),差2例(5.3%)。结论尺骨近端截骨克氏针内固定手术治疗低龄儿童2年以内陈旧性孟氏骨折,疗效良好。     

微型钢板螺钉内固定治疗桡骨头粉碎性骨折

目的运用微型钢板螺钉治疗桡骨头粉碎性骨折以改善肘关节功能。方法21例闭合性桡骨头粉碎性骨折,按Morrey改良Mason分型,Ⅲ型骨折15例,Ⅳ型骨析6例,其中4例涉及桡骨颈,合并肱骨内髁骨折6例,尺骨喙突骨折3例,均采用AO微型钢板螺钉进行固定。术后1～3天开始功能锻炼。结果所有病例关节面均获得满意复位。随访9～45个月,平均18.3个月,根据Mackay和Carn疗效评定,优15例、良4例、差2例,优良率98.9%。结论微型钢板螺钉内固定治疗桡骨头粉碎性骨折是一种有效的方法。     

T形钢板内固定结合外固定架治疗不稳定性桡骨远端骨折

目的探讨T形钢板内固定结合外固定架治疗不稳定性桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法9例桡骨远端骨折,按AO分型:B型2例,C型7例。均采用切开复位T形钢板内固定结合外固定架手术治疗。术后随访桡骨长度、掌倾角、尺偏角、腕关节活动范围。结果9例分别随访6～12个月,平均8个月。所有患者均达到解剖复位,骨折愈合良好。按照Gartland与Werley评分标准,优8例,良1例。术后腕关节活动范围背伸平均为45°,掌屈为54°,尺偏为88°,桡偏为27°;前臂旋前为88°,旋后为82°。所有病例均无内固定松动、骨折移位、针道感染、肌腱损伤等并发症。结论切开复位T形钢板内固定可良好维持骨折处对位对线,恢复关节面的平整;结合外固定架可以防止术后骨折再塌陷,维持桡腕关节间隙正常位置,保护早期功能锻炼,是治疗桡骨远端骨折的有效方法。     

铰链式外固定架联合内固定治疗肘关节骨折脱位

目的探讨采用铰链式外固定架联合内固定治疗肘关节骨折脱位的手术方法及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2014-06—2016-06采用铰链式外固定架联合内固定治疗的12例肘关节骨折脱位。桡骨头骨折用微型钢板或螺钉固定,尺骨冠状突骨折用钢板或克氏针固定,内、外侧韧带复合体撕脱用骨锚缝合修复。结果 12例均获得随访,随访时间平均9.5(6~12)个月。末次随访时肘关节活动度:伸直平均25.6°(0°~40°),屈曲平均113°(90°~140°),前臂旋前平均55°(30°~80°),前臂旋后平均63°(40°~80°)。疗效采用改良Cassebaum评分标准评定:优5例,良4例,可3例。结论采用铰链式外固定架联合内固定治疗肘关节骨折脱位可以稳定肘关节,患者可早期功能锻炼,最大程度恢复肘关节功能。     

应用Ilizarov技术微创治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折的临床研究

[目的]探讨应用Ilizarov外固定架治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折的疗效。[方法]2012年3月~2013年10月应用改良Ilizarov外固定架微创治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折13例,年龄2~13岁,平均7.6岁;在尺骨适宜部位以直径2.5 mm螺纹半针固定3组半环形固定器,距尺骨鹰嘴3~5 cm处作尺骨横断截骨,术后1周沿尺骨长轴行纵向延长,每日1 mm,分6次完成,骨延长至肱桡关节间隙达5 mm时,停止尺骨纵向延长,依靠Ilizarov外固定器三组铰链不等距延长,使尺骨向与桡骨头脱位相反方向成角,桡骨头即缓慢复位。[结果]全部患儿均获随访,尺骨截骨处平均3.2个月骨性愈合,桡骨头复位稳定;肘关节伸屈和前臂旋转功能均有显著改善,肘关节伸屈在0°~130°,前臂旋前45°~85°,前臂旋后60°~90°。根据Mackay功能评定标准:优11例,良2例。[结论]应用Ilizarov技术微创治疗儿童陈旧性孟氏骨折有以下优点:(1)创伤小,尺骨背侧仅有1~1.5 cm切口;(2)操作方便,全部螺纹半针均在皮下可触及的尺骨上固定;(3)桡骨头复位稳定,随诊患儿无1例复发;(4)肘关节伸屈和前臂旋转功能恢复满意。本疗法值得临床推广应用。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.