病毒性肝炎患者血浆亮啡肽的变化及其意义

目的 探讨病毒性肝炎患者血浆亮啡肽(LENK)的变化规律及意义。方法 用放射免疫法(RIA)检测了67例各型肝炎病人及10例正常人LENK含量变化,并观察其与机体免疫学指标的关系。结果 LENK含量在各型肝炎显著高于正常对照(P<0.05),且慢重肝和慢性肝炎重度显著高于其它各型肝炎(P<0.05);在慢性肝炎中,LENK与血清总胆红素呈正相关,与白蛋白和凝血酶原活动度呈负相关。结论 病毒性肝炎时LENK显著升高,并与肝损害程度基本一致,它可能参与了病毒性肝炎的病理损害过程,并与某些临床症状有关,可作为评价肝功能的一项辅助指标。     

血清前白蛋白在肝病中的临床意义

了解病毒性肝炎患者血清前白蛋白 (PA)的变化 ,探讨测定血清前白蛋白对病毒性肝炎患者的诊断价值。采用免疫比浊法检测 2 76例病毒性肝炎患者血清前白蛋白 ,比较不同临床类型的血清PA的水平及同一临床类型间PA与A的异常率。血清PA的水平在急性肝炎与轻度慢性肝炎之间、慢性肝炎轻度与中度、中度与重度之间、肝硬化与慢性重型肝炎之间均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;急性肝炎组PA与白蛋白 (A)两者相比有高度显著性差异 (P <0 0 0 1) ;PA值比A值更灵敏地反映肝功能损害。血清PA的水平持续 <10 0mg/L作为重症肝炎早期诊断指标之一。检测血清PA对病毒性肝炎临床诊断、病情判断和预后估计有一定参考价值     

病毒性肝炎患者血清视黄醇结合蛋白检测的临床意义

为了解血清视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)在各型病毒性肝炎中的变化,探讨测定血清RBP对病毒性肝炎患者的诊断价值。分别检测161例不同类型的肝炎患者及正常对照组的血清RBP、前白蛋白(PA)、白蛋白(ALB)水平,并进行统计分析。发现除慢性肝炎轻度组外,各组肝病患者血清RBP、PA均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);且异常率均高于同组PA、ALB的异常率(P<0.05)。重型肝炎组死亡者RPB、PA均显著低于存活者,死亡者与存活者之间的RBP有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。提示血清RBP可作为判断急性肝损害的灵敏指标。能更准确地反映肝脏贮备功能,对估计重型肝炎、肝炎后肝硬化的预后有重要的参考价值。     

病毒性肝炎患者血清中HA,LN,C-Ⅳ的动态观察

1对定和方法回．l对象90例患者均为住院患者，男74例，女16例，平均年龄43．56岁按1995－05北京第五次全国传染病与寄生虫病学术会议修订的诊断标准，急性病毒性肝炎（以下称急性肝炎）30例，慢性病毒性肝炎（以下称慢性肝炎）轻度12例，中度18例，重度10例，肝炎肝硬变20例．1．2方法急性肝炎及慢性肝炎轻、中度患者取入院次日及症状消失，肝功能恢复正常时各一份血清作为急性期及恢复期和活动期及恢复期血清测透明质酸（HA）、层粘蛋白（LN）、IV型胶原（GIV）水平，慢性肝炎重度取入院决B及症状明显好转，ALT恢复正常，总胆红素下…     

乙肝患者血清NO与肝损伤关系的初步研究

检测各型乙型肝炎患者血清一氧化氮(NO),谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和血浆白蛋白(ALB)含量的变化。收集各型乙型肝炎和肝炎后肝硬化患者及健康者血清作为对照,用NO试剂盒检测血清NO浓度,实验室常规检测ALT和(ALB)水平。急性肝炎时,血清NO浓度降低,ALT升高,ALB无明显变化,而慢性肝炎、重型肝炎和肝炎后肝硬化患者血清NO和ALB显著升高,ALT降低。NO在各型乙肝的发病机制中可能起双重作用。     

病毒性肝炎患者血清SlgA含量变化的临床意义

我们用放免法测定110例病毒性肝炎患者血清分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)含量,结果表明,各型肝炎患者其含量增高,其增幅随病变严重程度而增加,顺序依次为重症肝炎、急黄肝、肝硬化、慢活肝、慢迁肝、急无黄肝,与血清总胆红素(SB)增幅顺序相同,两者血清浓度呈显著正相关,证实两者的消长规律大体一致;与血清丙氨酸氨基转换酶(ALT)也呈显著正相关,提示血清SIgA测定是肝功能受损的一项灵敏指标,有助于临床对该病的诊断、分型和疗效观察。     

重型肝炎患者血清sCR1与肝功能损伤程度的相关性研究

研究重型肝炎患者血清sCR1浓度的变化 ,探讨其临床意义。采用酶联免疫吸附法 ,对 3 0例重型肝炎、46例慢性病毒性肝炎及 3 0例正常人群红细胞研究表明 ,重型肝炎及慢性病毒性肝炎患者血清sCR1浓度均高于正常对照人群 (P <0 0 1) ,但重型肝炎患者血清sCR1浓度升高的幅度明显大于慢性病毒性肝炎患者 (P <0 0 1) ,并与CHE、PT及PTA的变化明显相关。重型肝炎患者血清sCR1浓度的变化与肝功能损伤程度密切相关 ,该指标可作为分析重型肝炎患者病情严重程度、判断病情发展及预后的重要参考指标     

EB病毒、巨细胞病毒与肝炎的关系——1488例病毒性肝炎的病原分析

本文检测1488例病毒性肝炎患者血清抗-CMV IgM与抗EBV IgM,观察CMV与EBV在各型病毒性肝炎患者中的感染率及感染模式,发现肝炎患者感染率明显高于正常人,慢性肝炎及肝硬化病人的感染率明显高于急性肝炎。CMV与EBV与其它肝炎病毒多混合或重叠感染。     

胆碱脂酶与血清前白蛋白在各类病毒性肝炎检测中的临床意义

目的 探讨血清胆碱脂酶(Cholinesterase,CHE)与前白蛋白(Prealbumin,PA)在各类病毒性肝炎检测中的临床意义.方法 采用假性CHE速率法与免疫比浊法,对300例各类病毒性肝炎患者及30例健康人员的血清PA与CHE进行测定.结果 各类病毒性肝炎患者血清PA与CHE较对照组比较均有不同程度的下降,降低幅度从高到低依次排序为肝炎后肝硬化、慢性重型肝炎、亚急性重型肝炎、慢性肝炎重度、慢性肝炎中度、急性黄疸型肝炎、慢性肝炎轻度.肝硬化患者从Child-pugh A级到C级,血清PA与CHE呈进行性降低,不同级别测值间差异显著.结论 血清PA与CHE是反映肝脏功能的一项良好指标,可以为临床肝硬化分级提供参考,能对肝硬化患者的预后和是否能耐受手术等作出更加准确、客观的判断.     

IgA型内毒素抗体与肝病患者的关系

为研究IgA型内毒素抗体与各型肝炎的关系,我们采用EIA法对慢性重型肝炎、肝硬变、慢性肝炎和急性肝炎患者各10例血清进行了IgA型内毒素抗体浓度的检测(均呈HBV-M阳性)。结果如下:慢性重型肝炎组、肝硬变组和慢性肝炎组阳性率分别为70％、60％和30％,急性肝炎组和正常人组一样均为0％。慢性重型肝炎组与急性肝炎组和正常     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.