女性精神分裂症首次发病患者血清心肌酶的临床研究

目的:探讨女性精神分裂症首次发病患者血清心肌酶水平与病情的关系。方法:对63例首次发病的女性精神分裂症患者采用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)、阳性症状量表(SAPS)及阴性症状量表(SANS)评估病情;同时测定血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(α-HBDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平。根据心肌酶是否高于正常值分为:观察组(心肌酶增高组)30例和对照组33例(心肌酶正常组)。观察组于治疗4周后复查心肌酶和量表再次评估。结果:治疗前观察组血清LDH、α-HBDH、CK及CK-MB水平均显著高于对照组(P均0.01),其中以CK、CK-MB值增高显著(P均0.001);治疗后明显下降(P均0.01)。治疗前观察组SAPS评分较对照组显著增高,SANS评分较对照组明显降低(P均0.01),BPRS评分两组间差异无统计学意义;治疗后BPRS、SAPS评分显著下降(P均0.01)。观察组SAPS评分与血清CK、CK-MB水平呈正相关(r=0.42,P=0.02;r=0.37;P=0.04)。结论:女性精神分裂症首次发病患者血清心肌酶水平升高,并与病情严重程度及阳性症状密切相关。     

脑卒中患者血CK、LDH及GOT测定的临床意义

用酶学动力法测定20例脑出血及19例脑梗死的脑卒中血肌酸磷酸肌酶（CK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、谷草转氨酶（GOT）及α-羟丁酸脱氢酶（α－HBDH）。结果表明：39例脑卒中患者有血酶学变化22例，占56％，其中CK活性增高9例，LDH增高7例，GOT增高14例，α－HBDH增高4例，最早出现活性变化的为CK，其次为LDH、GOT及α-HBDH。脑出血量大小与脑梗死面积大小与酶值变化呈正相关。提示血CK、LDH及GOT的测定对脑卒中的诊断、判断病情及预后有一定临床意义。     

急性脑血管病患者心肌酶谱变化及临床意义

目的观察急性脑血管病时心肌酶的变化。方法对150例急性脑血管病患者和50例健康体检者静脉血清AST、LDH、CK、-αHBDH于发病2d内进行检测。结果血清AST、LDH、CK、-αHBDH、CK-MB水平急性脑血管病组明显高于对照组(P<0.01),而脑出血组与脑梗死组患者之间心肌酶水平无明显差异(P>0.05),有意识障碍与无意识障碍患者血清AST、LDH、α-HBDH有显著性差异(P<0.05),CK、CK-MB有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论急性脑血管病患者心肌酶谱的变化其程度与病变范围及意识障碍程度相一致,与病变的性质无关。     

三种药物对精神分裂症患者心肌酶及心电图异常率的影响

目的探讨氨磺必利、氯氮平及阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者心肌酶及心电图异常率的影响。方法选取精神分裂症患者150例,以随机数字表法分为A组(50例)、B组(50例)及C组(50例),分别采用氨磺必利、氯氮平及阿立哌唑治疗;比较三组患者治疗前后谷草转氨酶(glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase,AST)、肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(creatine kinase isoenzyme,CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(alphahydroxybutyric dehydrogenase,α-HBDH)及随访心电图异常率等。结果三组患者治疗前后AST、CK-MB及LDH比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);三组患者治疗后CK和α-HBDH水平显著高于治疗前(P0.05);A、C组患者随访心电图异常率显著低于B组(P0.05);A组和C患者随访心电图异常率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论氨磺必利、氯氮平及阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症均可产生心脏毒性,但氯氮平较氨磺必利、阿立哌唑更易出现心电图异常。     

脑脊液乳酸脱氢酶及其同工酶与中枢神经系统感染性疾病的关系

在神经生化的领域里,近年来对脑脊液(CSF)中的酶有了较多的注意.许多作者测定了各种神经疾病患者CSF中的酶活性,包括谷-草转氨酶(GOT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)、醛缩酶(aldolase)、β-葡萄糖醛酸酶(β-glucuronidase)、亮氨酸氨基肽酶(leucine aminopeptidase)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶(ICDH)、酯酶(esterase)、肽酶(peptidase)及蛋白酶(proteinase)等.虽然这些酶活性在病理状态下常可发现明显的变化,但因难于获得大量的正常标本作为对照,多数报道中又未将同一个酶在CSF与血清中的活性进行比较,且亦未列出酶活性与蛋白、细胞计数的相关关系,故对诊断和预后的意义还不太肯定.但其中某些资料对临床诊断方面有一定的价值,LDH及其同工酶就是其中一例.     

急性脑血管病患者的心肌酶谱分析

目的:探讨急性脑血管病患者的心脏损害。方法:对50例急性脑血病患者和25例健康体检者静脉血清天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、α羟丁酸脱氢酶(α-HBDH)于病后2天内进行检测。结果:血清AST、LDH、cK、α-HBDH水平,急性脑血病组高于对照组(P<0.01).而脑出血组与脑梗死组的患者血清心肌酶水平无明显差异(P>0.05).有意识障碍与无意识障碍患者血清心肌酶谱有显著性差异(P<0.05),CK有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:急性脑血病患者有心肌酶谱变化,其程度与病变范围及意识障碍程度相一致,与病变的性质无关。     

结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液中LDH、AST的改变分析

目的 探讨结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液酶水平变化情况,方法 在治疗前采集结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液标本40例,病毒性脑膜炎患者脑脊液标本60例和正常人群脑脊液标本20例,用酶速率法测定AST、ALT、r-GT、ALP、LDH、α-HBDH、CK、CK-MB八种酶水平。结果 结核性脑膜炎组LDH、AST酶水平为180.88±112.19、42.15±11.81,显著高于病毒性脑炎组(P<0.01)和正常对照组(P<0.01)结论 对脑脊液进行LDH、AST检测,有助于诊断和鉴别诊断结核性脑膜炎和病毒性脑膜炎。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病时血清心肌酶活性的临床意义

目的探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）的临床分度与其血清心肌酶活性变化的关系。方法设立对照组25例为正常足月新生儿和HIE36例，并在HIE组中分设轻度组22例和重度组14例。应用一台日本OLYMPUS AU400型全自动生化分析仪，检测血清中GOT、LDH、CK、CK—MB的活性并作对比分析。结果轻、重度组的GOT、LDH、CK、CK—MB均较正常对照组明显升高（LDH、GOT及CKP〈0．05，及CK—MBP〈0．01）。重度组的GOT、LDH、CK、CK—MB较轻度组和正常组均明显升高（P〈0．01），心肌酶活性增高水平与缺氧缺血性脑病程度呈正相关。结论新生儿血清心肌酶活性检查可作为HIE严重程度的评价指标，测定心肌酶活性有助于早期预测心肌受损情况。     

脑梗死急性期血清铁蛋白和心肌酶谱水平的变化及其临床意义

目的　探讨脑梗死患者急性期血清铁蛋白、心肌酶谱水平的变化及其临床意义。方法　检测30例脑梗死急性期(发病7d内)患者(脑梗死组)的血清铁蛋白、心肌酶谱[天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、α- 羟丁酸脱氢酶(α- HBDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、心肌型肌酸激酶同工酶(CK MB) ],并与正常对照组比较。结果　脑梗死组血清铁蛋白浓度明显高于正常对照组(P<0. 001),血清AST、LDH、а- HBDH、CK水平均高于正常对照组(P<0. 05~0 .001)。结论　脑梗死患者急性期存在明显的血清铁蛋白及心肌酶谱水平升高,观察其变化有助于对病情的判断。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血清IL-18变化的临床意义

目的研究新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病发病过程中血清(白介素-18)IL-18水平变化,探讨IL-18在判断新生儿缺氧缺血性脑损伤的程度和预后的临床价值。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测42例足月HIE患儿(轻度24例,中度10例,重度8例)及20例正常足月新生儿生后第1天、第7天血清IL-18水平,并于生后第7天做新生儿行为神经测定(NBNA),比较各组间各指标的差异;建立受试者工作曲线(ROC曲线),确定血清IL-18 ROC曲线下的面积(AUC),同时分析不同截断值的敏感度、特异度、阳性和阴性预测值。结果 (1)轻度HIE组与中、重度HIE组患儿的IL-18水平较对照组显著升高,P0.01;(2)不同程度HIE组IL-18水平随脑损伤程度加重而增加,各组间差异显著,P0.01;(3)各组HIE患儿恢复期(生后7d)血清IL-18水平较急性期(生后1 d)均有明显下降,各组间有显著性差异,P0.01;(4)IL-18的AUC为89.8%,当IL-18600.36 ng/L时,其敏感度、特异度、阳性及阴性预测值分别为89.2%、86.8%、87.1%、89.2%。结论动态监测IL-18水平变化可以作为HIE患儿早期预后判断的辅助性指标。     

Fibrous xanthomas and xanthosarcomas of the meninges and the brain

Summary Three cases of intracranial fibrous xanthomas and a case of multicentric cerebral xanthosarcoma are reported. All three fibrous xanthomas developed in the temporal area of boys in their early teens, one was within the leptomeninges (without dural attachment), the other two involved meninges and the superficial portions of the temporal lobe itself. These tumors were characterized by mono- and multinucleated cells with morphological features of histiocytes, Touton type giant cells and a storiform pattern in areas of spindleshaped tumor cells.Because of cellular atypism, giant cells and mitotic figures such tumors may suggest the diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme but the absence of glial fibers, negative Cajal impregnation, presence of reticulin fibers in close proximity to tumor cells and the morphological similarity to the bizarre cells found in atypical xanthofibromas of the skin and soft tissues help to establish the diagnosis. Since the menigeal forms are probably derived from local meningeal mesenchyme, occasional abortive whorls and pseudopsammoma bodies may be encountered, the overall picture, however, is very different from meningiomas. Two patients had a 2.5 and a 12 year long symptomfree survival, respectively. The third boy had a local recurrence 14 months after initial removal which was excised and the patient is presently doing well.The xanthosarcoma first developed in the right frontal lobe of a 26 year old woman. This tumor was almost exclusively made up of various sized anaplastic cells filled with birefringent lipids. It is suggested that this tumor which had a diffuse network of reticulin, had originated from primitive adventitial cells. It was histologically more malignant than the first three and the patient died within a year after removal of the frontal lobe tumor, from a second mass in the cerebellum. The relationship of this tumor to glioblastomas and to other types of giant cell sarcomas is discussed.This paper was presented in part at the 6th International Congress of Neuropathology in Paris, France, on August 31, 1970.     

Imaging and modelling of digestion in the stomach and the duodenum

Gastroduodenal physiology is traditionally understood in terms of motor-secretory functions and their electrical, neural and hormonal controls. In contrast, the fluid-mechanical functions that retain and disperse particles, expose substrate to enzymes, or replenish the epithelial boundary with nutrients are little studied. Current ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging allows to visualize processes critical to digestion like mixing, dilution, swelling, dispersion and elution. Methodological advances in fluid mechanics allow to numerically analyse the forces promoting digestion. Pressure and flow fields, the shear stresses dispersing particles or the effectiveness of bolus mixing can be computed using information on boundary movements and on the luminal contents. These technological advances promise many additional insights into the mechanical processes that promote digestion and absorption.     

Spinal projections of the locus coeruleus and the nucleus subcoeruleus in the Harlan and the Sasco Sprague-Dawley rat

The descending projections of the locus coeruleus (LC) and the nucleus subcoeruleus (SC) to the lumbar spinal cord were examined in rats from two vendors using retrograde transport of fluorescent latex beads. There was a vendor difference observed which agrees with previous findings. The differential dorsal horn and ventral horn projections of the Harlan and the Sasco Sprague-Dawley rats, reported by Fritschy and Grzanna, and Clark and Proudfit were confirmed. In the Harlan rat more cells were labeled in the LC following injections in the dorsal horn. In contrast, in the Sasco rat, more cells were labeled in the LC from injections in the ventral horn. Although, in all studies, the LC in rats from these vendors projected to some extent to both the dorsal and the ventral horn. A difference in labeling was noted also for the depth of placement of the tracer in the dorsal horn. When the site of injection was in the nucleus proprius, a predominately contralateral projection of the LC was noted. In contrast, when horseradish peroxidase (HRP) gel implants were placed to include the superficial laminae, the cells in the LC were labeled predominately ipsilaterally. The SC has a major projection to the dorsal horn in the Harlan rats while cells in the SC were predominately labeled following ventral horn injections in the Sasco rats. These cells send mostly ipsilateral projections to the dorsal and ventral horn of the spinal cord. Double labeled studies confirmed that 91% of LC and 86% of SC neurons projecting to the spinal cord were noradrenergic. The present results confirmed a difference in the descending catecholamine projections of rats purchased from different vendors. These strain differences may prove useful in studies of motor and sensory systems.     

Mucocoele and mucopyocoele of the frontal sinus penetrating to the cranial cavity and the orbit

Background and purpose : Mucocoele of the paranasal sinuses falls within the scope of interest for neurosurgery when erosion of the sinus wall and the osseous structures of the skull base develops and the lesion extends towards the cranial cavity, the orbit, the cavernous sinus or the sella turcica. The pa-per aims to present the method of treatment of extensive mucocoele which is used in our clinic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We treated 7 patients (2 women and 5 men; age range: 27-68 years). Mucopyocoele was diagnosed in two cases, and mucocoele in the other five. In 5 cases, extension of the mucocoele to the cranial cavity and the orbit or to the ethmoid sinus and the orbit was observed. In the remaining 2 cases, mucopyocoele extended to the ethmoid sinus, the sphenoid and maxillary sinuses, cranial cavity and the orbit. The purpose of surgery was to remove the mucocoele or the mucopyocoele and to prevent recurrence. Results : The postoperative course in all 7 patients was uneventful. All symptoms gradually receded. No relapse was observed in any patient during a follow-up period that varied from 10 months to 8 years; nor did incidents of inflammation of collateral sinuses occur. CONCLUSIONS : The treatment of mucocoele or mucopyocoele of the frontal sinus penetrating to the cranial cavity and the orbit consists of the following stages: cranialization of the frontal sinus, complete resection of the mucosa, tight closing of the frontal-nasal duct, and separating the air space of the opened collateral nasal sinuses from the cranial cavity with a large pedicled periosteal flap.