Nuevas aplicaciones en el diagnóstico ecográfico en 3D-4D en malformaciones fetales

In the last 3 years, numerous revisions and new ultrasound modalities have emerged, such as ultrasound tomography, VOCAL, STIC, inverse mode, reverse mode, etc. These state of the art technologies have improved and/or completed the diagnosis of fetal malformations.     

Amnioinfusión en rotura prematura de membranas en gestaciones pretérmino

Objective

To study the possibility of prenatal amnioinfusion as a therapeutic measure in premature rupture of membranes in preterm pregnancies.

Material and methods

We performed serialized transabdominal amnioinfusions in two patients with premature rupture of membranes in preterm pregnancy. Ringer's solution was instilled by abdominal puncture.

Results

We performed serialized transabdominal amnioinfusions until the 23rd week of pregnancy, after which time both patients showed normal amniotic fluid.

Conclusions

Transabdominal amnioinfusion is a valid therapeutic option in premature rupture of membranes in preterm pregnancy.     

Abordaje laparoscópico del dolor abdominal agudo en mujeres en edad fértil

Objectives

To assess the effectiveness of the laparoscopic approach in acute abdominal pain in women of reproductive age presenting to the Emergency Department.

Material and methods

We performed an observational, prospective study of acute abdominal pain treated by gynecological laparoscopic procedures. The main variables evaluated were the cause of pain, type of surgery, complications, and conversions to open surgery.

Results

Between January 2009 and December 2011, we performed 110 urgent laparoscopic interventions. The reasons for surgery were rupture of an ovarian cyst in 40 interventions (36.7%), an ectopic pregnancy in 24 (21.8%), a pelvic inflammatory disease in 23 (20.9%), adnexal torsion in 12 (10.9%), and other reasons in 11 (10%). In these 110 interventions, there was one case of postoperative bleeding requiring reintervention and one case of conversion.

Conclusions

The laparoscopic approach is safe and effective in urgent gynecological surgery.     

Cambios en la calidad seminal y factores relacionados en una población de pacientes en tratamiento de reproducción asistida

Objective

To identify changes in seminal quality and associated factors in men undergoing assisted reproduction techniques in the catchment area of la Mancha-Centro Hospital.

Methods

Data were obtained from the patients’ medical records. Patients who underwent assisted reproduction techniques from July 25, 2005 to February 1, 2010 were included.

Results

A total of 252 patients were included. A statistically significant relationship was found between low sperm volume and low spermatozoid count. Seminal quality decreased throughout the study period. The mean age of the patients was slightly higher in those with a higher seminal volume, while men with a higher number of spermatozoids were younger. In non-urban settings, there was a higher percentage of patients with a higher mobile sperm count and number of spermatozoids. However, in urban areas, there was a greater percentage of men with normal sperm volume.

Conclusion

The data indicate that the percentage of patients with disturbances in seminal parameters has increased. This finding does not imply that seminal quality has decreased in the region, since this study was not designed to elucidate this question. However, our data do indicate that, in patients undergoing assisted reproduction techniques in this area, seminal quality parameters showed a tendency to decrease in the 5-year period. This research was performed in a specific area, and could serve as a starting point for comparisons with other regions.     

Mortalidad materna en África

In this report, the authors describe the dramatic situation of maternal health in African countries. According to the most recent estimates, almost 1 million African women die each year (one maternal death per minute) and a significant proportion of these (between 3 and 4 million) have incapacitating genitourinary fistulae. In contrast, in industrialized countries, only 2,500 maternal deaths are registered yearly (0.47% of the total worldwide) with a maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of 20 per 100,000 live births.     

Síndrome metabólico en ginecología

Metabolic syndrome is defined by the constellation of multiple cardiovascular risk factors that include abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hypertension and increased fasting glucose levels. This syndrome is an important public health problem, since it is associated with a 5-fold increase in the prevalence of diabetes type 2 and a 2-3-fold increase in that of cardiovascular disease.