Toxicological study of king crab collagenase

A toxicological study of a preparation of king crab collagenase designed for local treatment of wounds shows that daily hypodermal administration of various concentrations of preparation (1.5 to 15 mg/ml) over 5 days does not affect erythrocyte morphology or hemoglobin content in laboratory animals (rats and rabbits). Systemic enzyme administration does not alter the histological structure of the kidneys (kidney is the target organ for enzyme) but leads to dose-dependent reversible degeneration of rat liver tissues. The milder effects of the preparation in comparison with a comparable dose of the widely used chymopsin affirm that this collagenase preparation is suitable for external use. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp. 390–393, April, 1995 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Oxyferriscorbone: Ulcerostatic effect and its possible mechanisms

It is found that oxyferriscorbone inhibits free-radical lipid peroxidation in blood plasma and gastric tissue. Interaction of the drug with modeled membranes is demonstrated. It is suggested that this effect underlies the mechanism of its ulcerostatic action. Translated fromByulleten Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 490–493, May, 1994     

Role of hemoglobin affinity for oxygen in the activation of lipid peroxidation during fever

Major parameters of oxygen transport and lipid peroxidation are measured in the blood of rabbits with fever, and it is found that hemoglobin affinity for oxygen is decreased while free-radical processes are activated in this state. The data are subjected to multiple correlation analysis and the matrix of paired correlation coefficients obtained for the measured parameters is presented. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o , pp. 44–47, January, 1996 Presented by K. V. Sudakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Relationship between hemoglobin affinity for oxygen and lipid peroxidation in fever

Hemoglobin affinity for oxygen (P₅₀ parameter) and the content of malonic dialdehyde (MDA), Schiff's bases, and diene conjugates in the plasma and red cell mass were examined in mixed venous blood of rabbits with pyrogenal fever. Correlation regression analysis of the tested parameters showed that reduction of the actual affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is conducive to activation of free-radical processes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 27–30, July, 1994 Presented by K. V. Sudakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Protective effect of phosphatidylcholine liposomes in cats with hemorrhagic shock

Experiments on cats indicated that the use of phosphatidylcholine liposomes in hemorrhagic shock may reduce the intensity of free-radical processes in the liver, stabilize the phospholipid bilayer of plasma membranes in hepatocytes, decrease the severity of pathomorphological changes in the target organs, and raise systemic arterial pressure with its stabilization at a subnormal level. The use of phosphatidylcholine liposomes in cats with hemorrhagic shock resulted in a considerable prolongation of their survival. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 5, pp. 480–484, May, 1995     

Effect of hyaluronidase electrophoresis from actinohyal solution on the formation of postoperative adhesions

Rats repeatedly administered hyaluronidase electrophoresis from a solution of actinohyal (a novel preparation containing the hyaluronidase produced by a pathogenicStreptomyces actinocidus strain) showed marked reductions in the incidence and density of postoperative adhesions. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12, pp. 589–591, December, 1995     

Immunomodulating effects of α1-acid glycoprotein (Orosomucoid) in a culture of human peripheral blood lymphocytesglycoprotein (Orosomucoid) in a culture of human peripheral blood lymphocytes

The mechanisms of the antiproliferative effect of α₁-acid glycoprotein (AGP) isolated from the blood of healthy donors (nAGP) and from the ascitic fluid of patients with stomach cancer (aAGP) are studied. Three fractions of AGP are divided into 3 groups according to their ability to bind to concanavalin A (ConA): AGP not binding to ConA (AGP-1) and AGP weakly (AGP-2) and strongly (AGP-3) binding to ConA. It is shown that native preparation of aAGP has a more potent inhibitory effect on lymphocyte proliferation than native preparation of nAGP. The most potent inhibitory effect is exerted by AGP-3. Native preparation of aAGP does not affect the secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2) by lymphocytes, whereas AGP-1 inhibits this process. The weakly bound fraction has a stimulatory effect both on the proliferative response and on IL-2 secretion. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 71–73, July, 1994     

Early Resistance to experimental plague in animals immunized with recombinant plague vaccine

The protective properties of recombinantSalmonella minnesota R595/pFS1 strain soon after immunization (1–3 days) are studied in a model of experimental mouse plague. Unlike the commercial EV strainYersinia pestis vaccine produced at the Saratov Anti-Plague Institute (Mikrob Research-Manufacturing Conglomerate), the experimental recombinant p preparation affords a high level of protection from the 1st day postvaccination, and surpasses the commercial preparation in such parameters as LD₅₀, mean survival time, and percentage of survivors. By the 21st day the protective indexes of both preparations are comparable. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny,Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 54–57, January, 1995 Presented by A. A. Vorob'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Antiradical activity of ternary copolymers from the diallyl series in mediating the antimutagenic effect

Ternary copolymers of the diallyl series were tested for antiradical activity against the stable radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, and the numbers of active antitradical fragments which are present in their macromolecules and which may participate in the free-radical reactions induced by gamma radiation in living organisms were estimated. A correlation was found between the antiradical activity of ternary copolymers and their ability to protect barley seedling roots from mutagenic effects of gamma radiation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 265–267, September, 1995 Presented by V. N. Smirnov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

The uptake of 3-deoxy-3-iodine-glucose by normal and tumor cellsin vitro

It is found that 3-deoxy-3-iodine-glucose (3D-I-glucose) enters both erythrocytes and tumor cells at a rate close to that of glucose entry. For tumor cells the total uptake of the preparation was 6-fold higher than for erythrocytes (1500 and 250 μM/mln. cells, respectively). Phosphorylated products of 3D-I-glucose were not detected; however, the total amount of preparation in the probes dropped during incubation, indicating that it is metabolized by the cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 6, pp. 654–655, June, 1994     

Effect of endur-acine on plasma activity of cholesterol ester transfer protein in subjects with hypercholesterolemia

The activity of cholesterol ester transfer protein was measured in the plasma of hypercholesterolemic patients before and after treatment with endur-acine, a new prolonged-action preparation of nicotinic acid. The activity was measured by a substrate-independent radioisotope method. It was found that improvement of the lipid-apoprotein parameters of the plasma after the treatment was accompanied by a reduced activity of cholesterol ester transfer protein. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 2, pp. 185–187, February, 1996 Presented by Yu. P. Nikitin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Reaction of mouse ovary to opioid receptor block during early postnatal ontogenesis

Prolonged administration of naloxone (5 mg/kg body weight) during the juvenile period stimulated ovarian folliculogenesis and pubescence in mice; the effect was absent in animals of other ages, when a single injection was given, or when the dose of preparation was decreased. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 341–344, March, 1996 Presented by O. V. Volkova, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

The murine toxin ofYersinia pestis: Some enzymatic activities

The phosphatase, phosphodiesterase, and phospholipase activities identified in this study in a highly purified preparation of theYersinia pestis murine toxin should shed light on the mechanism by which this toxin acts on the target cells of plague-sensitive animals Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12, pp. 602–605, December, 1995 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Responses of the arterial and venous vessels of the skeletal muscle to norepinephrine following damage to their endothelium

The functional activity of vascular endothelium in a muscle preparation from the feline gastrocnemius is impaired with ethanol, which results in an increase of an adrenergic responsiveness of the arterial compartment of the vascular bed. The exchange function of the microvessels changes little. Veins exhibit nonuniform changes in their responsiveness after exposure of their endotheliocytes to ethanol. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 315–318, September, 1994     

Intracellural accretion of free and nanosphere-encapsulated doxorubicin

It is shown that two new methods can be used to quantitate the intracellular accretion and interaction with DNA of any anthracycline antibiotics (AA) during short-term incubation of vital cells with preparation. The intracellular accretion of doxorubicin encapsulated in polymeric nanospheres (NS-DR) is significantly less than that of free DR. NSDR and NS do not thereby affect the intracellular accretion of DR. Thus, qualitative and quantitative differences in the activity of free AA and their complexes with polymers may be related to the differences in their intracellular accretion and to the possibility of realizing biological effects of the complexes without penetrating inside the cell. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 10, pp. 406–409, October, 1994 Presented by N. N. Trapeznikov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Neurotropic effect of myelopid on the motor activity of rats: Stereotypical movements,locomotion, and grooming

It is shown that myelopid, a new immunoregulating preparation isolated from bone marrow, modulates motor activity in rats and, consequently, possesses neurotropic activity. Presumably, the activating effect of myelopid on stereotypical movements is realized via stimulation of presynaptic receptors and subsequent activation of dopamine of the mesolimbic system, since this effect is abolished by the M-cholinoreceptor blocker atropine. The inhibitory effect on scratching may be a result of the inhibitory influence of myelopid on preganglionic sympathetic neurons of the spinal cord, since it was abolished by the blocker of ganglionic H-cholinoreceptors hexonium. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 10, pp. 414–416, October, 1994 Presented by N. P. Bekhtereva, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of thymoptin on passive avoidance reaction conditioning in 18-month-old and castrated rats

The effect of the immunomodulator thymoptin containing thymic peptide hormones on the conditioned passive avoidance reaction is studied in aging and postcastration. The preparation, which inhibits atrophy of the thymus, is found to improve conditioning in aging rats and has no effect on learning or memory in castrated rats. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o . 8, pp. 167–168, August, 1995 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Internal inhibition: A form of nonconflict breaking mental alcohol dependence in narcology

A conceptually new method for breaking mental alcohol dependence is described. The results indicate a demolishment of the alcoholic sterotype and the formation of a qualitatively new behavioral reaction to alcoholic stimuli. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 149–152, February, 1994     

Determination of the biological activity of chalone-containing preparation from Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma and its fractions obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography in a cell culture derived from this tumor

It is shown that cultured Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells are a convenient test system for the investigation of the effects of various factors on DNA synthesis in the cells of this tumor. The application of this system markedly facilitates fractionation of a chalone-containing preparation, the purpose of this fractionation being the isolation of components affecting specific phases of the mitotic cycle. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 80–82, January, 1994     

The effect of etimyzol on the development of the deafferentation pain syndrome

Administration of etimyzol in a dose of 4 mg/kg to rats with deafferentation pain syndrome reduces the incidence of the syndrome and its severity. This effect is associated with activation of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal system. Systematic administration of the preparation models repeated stress, thus developing adaptation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3 pp. 258–261, March, 1996 Presented by G. N. Kryzhanovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences