华桑种质资源桑叶总黄酮含量的分析

目的分析不同华桑种质资源桑叶总黄酮含量的差异，为桑叶资源的利用提供科学依据。方法采用甲醇提取，分光光度法测定。结果测定的10份华桑种质资源中，保靖4号桑叶总黄酮含量最高，为（71．67±2．96）mg／g；德江15号桑叶总黄酮含量最低，为（44．56±1．66）mg／g。结论华桑桑叶总黄酮含量较高，同属华桑的不同桑种质桑叶总黄酮含量差异极显著，但同一原生境的种质桑叶总黄酮含量相近。     

红花总黄酮及微量元素的鉴定

目的探讨中药红花总黄酮及微量元素的鉴定。方法应用紫外分光光度法进行测定中药红花总黄酮及微量元素的含量，在300nto左右波长范围内，进行扫描。采用原子吸收分光光度法进行测定。结果在中药红花中，总黄酮含量为7．5mg·g^-1，在微量元素含量中，较高的为Ca、Mg、Cu及Zn元素。结论对中药红花总黄酮及微量元素进行鉴定，可在治疗心脑血管疾病与红花微量元素的关系和在中药红花总黄酮及微量元素的关系分析中，提供有效可靠的数据。     

蒙药让·阿嘎日-8味口服液中总黄酮的含量测定

目的：测定蒙药让·阿嘎日-8口服液中总黄酮的含量。方法：用紫外分光光度法,测定测定蒙药让·阿嘎日-8中总黄酮的含量。结果：测得总黄酮含量为1．40·ml^-1。     

峨嵋产黄连微量元素研究

目的对峨嵋产黄连微量元素及重金属的初级形态进行分析。方法用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了黄连中Cu,Fe,Cr,Mn,Zn,Pb,Ca,Mg的含量,并对其在水煎液中的溶出率进行了研究。结果黄连中Ca,Mg的含量最高,同时含有丰富的Fe,Mn和Zn,且Mg,Zn,Mn具有较高的溶出率;虽然重金属Pb的含量较高,但在可溶态中的含量却很少。结论为进一步研究微量元素与中药疗效之间的关系提供了参考。     

复叶耳蕨地上部分微量元素锌铁铜锰含量测定

目的 测定复叶耳蕨地上部分微量元素Zn,Fe,Cu,Mn的含量. 方法利用微波消解法处理样品, 火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定.结果 复叶耳蕨地上部分Zn,Fe,Cu,Mn含量分别为 175.51,286.91,14.38,78.84 μg/ g.结论 复叶耳蕨地上部分含有丰富的Zn,Fe,Cu,Mn,该方法简便, 结果准确可靠, 可用于实际样品的测定.     

赤瓟块根中微量元素含量的测定

目的:研究赤瓟块根的6种微量元素的含量。方法:各类指标的测定均用国家标准法。结果:每100 g干物质中的各种微量元素的含量分别如下:锌(Zn) 353.34μg、铁(Fe) 591.64μg、镁(Mg) 1018.01μg、锰(Mn)10.24μg、钙(Ca) 461.05μg,不含铜(Cu)元素。结论:赤瓟块根中富含Zn、Fe、Mg、Mn、Ca等微量元素,不含Cu元素。     

天麻微量元素的初级形态分析

目的:对天麻微量元素的初级形态进行分析。方法:用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了天麻中Cu、Fe、Cr、Mn、Zn、Pb的含量,并进行了初级形态研究。结果:天麻中Fe的含量最高,其次为Zn、Mn、Pb、Cr和Cu;Mn、Zn的溶出率较高,而Pb、Cr在可溶态中的含量很少,主要残留在颗粒物及残渣中。结论:为进一步探讨微量元素与中药质量之间的关系提供参考。     

蒙古扁桃不同部位微量元素测定

目的 测定蒙古扁桃种仁和叶片中微量元素含量,为其资源综合开发利用提供一定的科学依据.方法 用混合酸(硝酸-高氯酸4∶1)消化样品,同时做空白实验,采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定蒙古扁桃种仁和叶片中Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu 6种微量元素含量.结果 蒙古扁桃种仁和叶片中元素含量均为Ca＞ Mg＞ Fe＞ Zn＞ Mn＞ Cu,其中叶片中Ca、Mg、Mn含量高于种仁,6种微量元素的平均回收率为96.53％ ～ 103.41％,RSD为1.42％ ～ 2.85％.结论 该法简便、快速、准确,蒙古扁桃种仁和叶片中均含有丰富的微量元素.     

中药断血流中微量元素含量的微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定

目的测定中药断血流中Fe,Cu,Mg,Ca,Mn,Zn 6种微量元素的含量。方法用浓硝酸微波消解样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定断血流中Fe,Cu,Mg,Ca,Mn,Zn 6种微量元素的含量。结果断血流中含有丰富的人体必需微量元素,采用此方法回收率在98.0%~107.0%之间。结论该方法简单、准确,结果令人满意。     

主成分分析用于太白药王茶中微量元素的含量

目的:揭示药王茶治疗疾病的药效物质基础。方法:采用原子吸收分光光度计法测定Cr、Fe、Zn、Mn、Ni、Mg、Cu的含量,采用原子荧光分光光度法测定Se的含量。结果:7月份太白药王茶所含8种微量元素中Se、Cr、Cu、Fe、Ni、Mg含量相对较高,对不同疾病均具有不同程度的贡献。结论:Se、Cr、Cu、Fe、Ni、Mg是药王茶防治糖尿病、心血管等疾病的主要药效物质基础之一,其最佳采收期为7月。     

Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of eleutherans A, B, C, D, E, F, and G: glycans of Eleutherococcus senticosus roots

Intraperitoneal injection of an aqueous extract of the crude drug "shigoka" (Siberian ginseng), Eleutherococcus senticosus roots, remarkably diminished plasma-sugar level in mice. Fractionation of the extract by monitoring the activity yielded seven glycans, eleutherans A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, which exerted marked hypoglycemic effects in normal and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice.     

Phytochemistry, Metabolism, and Metabolomics of Ginseng

Ginseng, as a medicinal plant, has been used for thousands of years in China, Korea, and Japan, and the study on ginseng is a hotspot in the research field as evidenced by about 7000 scientific papers in PUBMED. In recent decades, many ginseng studies focused on the metabolism and metabolomics of ginseng or its active ingredients using modern bioanalytical technologies. To date, more than 200 ginsenosides and non-saponin constituents have been isolated and identified. In the past decades, rapid development of analytical technologies has facilitated the advancement of ginseng research in many ways. In this review, we focus on the advances of ginseng research in chemistry, pharmacology, and metabolomics. We also provide the comments on the significance as well as challenges of metabolomics-based ginseng studies.     

Correlation of Metabolism, Metabolomics, and Metabonomics

<正>In this issue,CHM published two reviews on drug metabolism of Chinese herbal medicines.Three key words have been found,they are metabolism,metabolomics,and metabonomics.As we known,drug metabolism is the biochemical modification of pharmaceutical substances respectively by living organisms through specialized enzymatic systems,the rate of metabolism determines the duration and intensity of pharmacological responses     

Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic activities of Galium mexicanum

Ethnopharmacological relevance

To study the potential benefit of the traditional Mexican medicinal plant Galium mexicanum Kunth (Rubiaceae). Hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts as well as various fractions from these extracts were tested to determine antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic or anti-inflammatory activities in vitro.

Materials and methods

Aerial parts of the plant were extracted with various solvents and fractionated accordingly. Their antibacterial and antifungal activities were assessed on nine bacterial and four fungal strains. Leishmania donovani was used as a protozoan strain for antiparasitic activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds was investigated by measuring the secretion of interleukin-6 when macrophages were exposed to lipopolysaccharide.

Results

Various extracts and fractions obtained from this plant exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Of special interest was the hexane fraction HE 14b, which show antibacterial (ranging between 67 and 666 μg/ml) and antifungal (at concentrations of 333 μg/ml) activities. Also the hexane fraction HE 5 exhibited antiparasitic activity (at concentrations of 260 μg/ml), whereas the methanol fraction ME 13-15 showed a potent anti-inflammatory activity when compared to dexamethasone. Chemical analyses of the chloroform extract show the presence of triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, and glucosides, but no tannins were detected in the assayed extract.

Conclusions

The benefit of Galium mexicanum as a traditional medicinal plant was confirmed using antibacterial and antifungal assays in vitro. We also report for the first time, and to the best of our knowledge, antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory activities of this plant.     

Isolation and structure of homotemsirolimuses A, B, and C

Homotemsirolimuses A, B, and C (2a, 2b, 2c) were found to be minor components of a temsirolimus preparation made from rapamycin. These three temsirolimus analogues are derived from the corresponding rapamycin analogues, homorapamycins A, B, and C (1a, 1b, 1c) produced by the strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus. The structures of homotemsirolimuses A, B, and C were determined by spectroscopic methods. These compounds were tested for mTOR kinase inhibition and in two proliferation assays using LNCap prostate and MDA468 breast cancer cells. The results suggested that the mTOR inhibition and antiproliferation potencies for 2a, 2b, and 2c are comparable to those of rapamycin (1) and temsirolimus (2).     

Antimalarial activity of physalins B, D, F, and G

The antimalarial activities of physalins B, D, F, and G (1-4), isolated from Physalis angulata, were investigated. In silico analysis using the similarity ensemble approach (SEA) database predicted the antimalarial activity of each of these compounds, which were shown using an in vitro assay against Plasmodium falciparum. However, treatment of P. berghei-infected mice with 3 increased parasitemia levels and mortality, whereas treatment with 2 was protective, causing a parasitemia reduction and a delay in mortality in P. berghei-infected mice. The exacerbation of in vivo infection by treatment with 3 is probably due to its potent immunosuppressive activity, which is not evident for 2.     

酸柏栀油软胶囊对小鼠学习记忆及脑中NO、Ach的影响

目的:观察酸柏栀油软胶囊对小鼠的促学习记忆作用并初步探讨其机制。方法:采用Morris水迷宫法观察酸柏栀油软胶囊对小鼠的学习记忆影响,并测定小鼠脑内NOS、ChaE、AChE的含量。结果:酸柏栀油软胶囊1.25～5 ml/kg能缩短小鼠登台潜伏期,增加穿越原平台次数,以中剂量作用最强;且登台潜伏期随训练时间的延长,各组作用均逐渐增强,d20的作用尤为明显。酸柏栀油软胶囊尚能增加小鼠脑内NOS、ChaE活性,降低AChE活性,也以中剂量作用为佳。结论:酸柏栀油软胶囊对小鼠学习记忆有促进作用,该作用可能与其富含不饱和脂肪酸,增加脑内NO、Ach的含量有关。     

鲜姜黄挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

目的:分析广西产鲜姜黄挥发油的化学成分,为其利用提供科学依据。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取鲜姜黄挥发油,用GC毛细管柱进行分析,归一化法测定其相对含量,并用GC-MS法鉴定化学成分。结果:检出48个色谱峰,鉴定出48个化合物,占总挥发油的100%。结论:广西产鲜姜黄油的的主要成分是姜烯(16.25%),1,8-桉叶油素(13.52%),芳-姜黄酮(13.55%),姜黄酮(11.19%),β-倍半水芹烯(10.08%),表-α-绿叶烯(6.26%),芳-姜黄烯(5.43%),大根香叶酮(5.02%),γ-松油烯(2.38%),红没药醇(3.59%)。