驻西藏高原军人心理健康状况调查

目的了解驻西藏高原军人心理健康状况并探讨心理干预方法。方法整群随机抽取1 500名驻西藏高原现役军人,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)进行心理健康测评,对SCL-90总分>160分的官兵进行综合心理干预。结果驻西藏高原军人的SCL-90与全国常模比较,除人际敏感因子分(P>0.05)外,其余项目因子分均明显增高(P<0.01);与军人常模比较,躯体化、焦虑、敌对因子分均明显增高(P<0.01);采取综合心理干预后,SCL-90各项因子分均低于干预前、TCSQ的消极应对方式明显减少,差异均有显著性(P<0.01)。结论驻西藏高原军人心理健康状况值得关注,综合心理干预可提高其心理健康水平。     

南方战区海军航空兵部队军官心理健康状况及其影响因素

目的了解南方战区海军航空兵部队军官心理健康状况，发现影响心理健康的因素。方法对116名军官进行SCL-90、EPQ、简易应对方式量表、生活事件量表评定，将SCL-90因子分与中国军人常模比较，并进行多元回归分析。结果SCL-90总均分及大部分因子分均高于中国军人常模（P〈0．01）；多元逐步回归分析显示，影响心理健康的因素主要为人际冲突、神经质、积极应对、消极应对、家庭事件，标准回归系数分别是0．293，0．370，-0．218，0．165，0．165。结论南方战区海军航空兵部队军官心理健康水平较差，受多种因素的影响。     

某部科技干部心理健康及影响因素分析

目的探讨第二炮兵部队科技干部的心理健康水平和影响因素。方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）和简易应对方式问卷对第二炮兵256名科技干部进行测评。结果科技干部心理异常检出率为8．6％，焦虑、强迫、精神病性、阳性项目数因子分均高于全军常模（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）；精神质因子分低于全军常模（P〈0．01）；个性基本呈正态分布：积极应对方式高于全国常模，消极应对方式低于全国常模（P〈0．01）；SCL-90总分及各因子分与精神质、神经质和消极应对因子分之间正相关，且相关系数较大。结论第二炮兵部队科技干部的心理健康状况较好，部分人员存在的主要心理问题是人际关系敏感、敌对和强迫，与精神质、神经质和消极应对方式等因子有关。     

综合医院心理科门诊病人应对方式与心理健康研究

目的 探讨综合医院心理科门诊病人的应对方式与心理健康状况的关系.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和简易应对方式量表(SCSQ)对124例综合医院心理科门诊病人进行调查.结果 ①综合医院心理科门诊病人的积极应对水平与消极应对水平均比正常人群低,两者差异有统计学意义;②病人SCL-90各因子分均显著低于正常人常模;③SCL-90总均分及其9个症状因子得分均与消极应对方式得分呈显著性正相关(r=0.218～0.361);④进一步的多元逐步回归分析表明,消极应对方式与心理健康有密切关系(R2=0.179),以下3种消极应对方式对他们的心理健康产生较大的消极影响,分别是"幻想可能会发生某种奇迹改变现状"、"试图忘记整个事情"、"自己安慰自己".结论 综合医院心理科门诊病人的心理健康状况明显低于一般人群,消极应对方式是影响他们心理健康水平的重要因素.     

综合医院心理科门诊病人应对方式与心理健康研究

目的探讨综合医院心理科门诊病人的应对方式与心理健康状况的关系。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和简易应对方式量表(SCSQ)对124例综合医院心理科门诊病人进行调查。结果①综合医院心理科门诊病人的积极应对水平与消极应对水平均比正常人群低,两者差异有统计学意义;②病人SCL-90各因子分均显著低于正常人常模;③SCL-90总均分及其9个症状因子得分均与消极应对方式得分呈显著性正相关(r=0.218~0.361);④进一步的多元逐步回归分析表明,消极应对方式与心理健康有密切关系(R2=0.179),以下3种消极应对方式对他们的心理健康产生较大的消极影响,分别是幻想可能会发生某种奇迹改变现状、试图忘记整个事情、自己安慰自己。结论综合医院心理科门诊病人的心理健康状况明显低于一般人群,消极应对方式是影响他们心理健康水平的重要因素。     

军队工科院校研究生心理健康状况及其与应对方式的关系

目的了解军队工科院校研究生心理健康状况及其与应对方式的关系,为其心理教育和管理工作提供科学依据。方法整群抽取363名军队工科院校研究生,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)对其进行测评。结果军队工科院校研究生SCL-90各因子分均显著高于军人常模(P<0.01);军校工科研究生的人际敏感、偏执因子分显著低于军校学员,军校工科研究生躯体化、焦虑、敌对、恐怖因子分明显高于军校学员(P<0.01,或P<0.05);男研究生的敌对因子分明显高于女研究生(P<0.05);从部队考入的研究生强迫、抑郁、焦虑和偏执的因子分明显高于直接从院校考入的研究生;消极应对方式与SCL-90各因子呈正相关(P<0.01),积极应对方式(除敌对因子外)与SCL-90各因子呈负相关(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论军队工科院校研究生的心理健康水平低于军人群体,应特别关注从部队考入的研究生的心理健康状况,积极应对方式的教育有助于提高其心理健康水平。     

驻京部队新兵心理健康状况分析

目的了解驻京部队新人伍战士的心理健康状况。方法采用整群抽样方法抽取驻京入伍新兵858人，采用SCL-90精神症状自测量表对其进行测量，并与军人常模和新兵常模进行比较。结果调查对象SCL-90的各因子得分均显著低于军人常模和新兵常模（P〈0．01），女军人SCL-90的各因子得分均显著低于男军人（P〈0．01），检出率较高的心理问题主要为人际关系敏感（1.17％）和强迫症状（1．05％）。结论驻京部队新兵的心理健康水平较高，女兵表现出较多的心理问题，提示应加强女兵的心理健康教育。     

军校研究生自我和谐与心理健康和应对方式关系的研究

目的调查军校研究生的自我和谐现状,并探讨其与心理健康、应对方式之间的关系。方法采用自我和谐量表(SCCS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)对某军队工科院校380名研究生进行调查。结果军校研究生与大学生常模比较,其不和谐性低于常模,灵活性高于常模,刻板性差异没有统计学意义;与军人群体比较,不和谐性、灵活性高于军人群体,刻板性低于军人群体。军校研究生自我不和谐性、刻板性与SCL—90各因子和消极应对方式呈显著正相关,灵活性与积极应对方式、SCL—90的部分因子呈显著正相关。结论军校研究生自我和谐水平高于地方大学生和军人群体,促进自我和谐有助于提高心理健康水平,采取积极灵活的方式应对问题。     

中职护生心理健康及气质类型特质对应对方式的影响

目的研究中职护生心理健康现状及气质类型与特质应对方式的关系。方法采用陈会昌气质测验量表、特质应对方式问卷和SCL-90量袁对474名中职护生进行调查。结果除躯体化因子外,SCL-90其余8个因子分均显著高于全国中学生常模（P〈0．01）,胆汁质和抑郁质与心理健康显著负相关（P〈0．01）。积极应对方式和心理健康显著正相关（P〈0．01）,消极应对方式和心理健康显著负相关（P〈0．01）。特质应对方式在气质类型和心理健康之间起到了中介作用。结论不同的气质类型、特质应对方式和心理健康显著相关,应针对不同的气质类型引导护生采用积极的应对方式,避免使用消极的应对方式,以提高心理健康水平。     

某部心理健康状况及其影响因素研究

目的：调查分析某部心理健康状况及相关影响因素。方法：采用SCL-90症状自评量表对某部军人进行调查,将结果与地方常模、军人常模的SCL-90因子分进行比较;对不同兵源、类别的军人SCL-90因子分进行比较。结果：①某部军人在心理健康状况优于军人常模;在敌对、恐怖、精神病性和其他症状等因子上与地方常模没有显著性差别,而在人际关系敏感、忧郁、焦虑、偏执等因子上优于地方常模,其心理健康问题主要表现为躯体化症状上;②不同兵源心理健康状况无明显差异;③部队的军人心理健康状况明显优于部队。结论：某部军人心理健康状况总体正常,心理问题主要表现在躯体化症状,应加强针对性的心理健康训练。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.