双歧杆菌三联活菌散对特应性体质患儿毛细支气管炎后再发喘息的预防作用

目的：观察双歧杆菌三联活菌散对特应性体质患儿毛细支气管炎后再发喘息的预防作用,及对嗜酸性粒细胞（ EOS）和转化生长因子β1（ TGF-β1）水平的影响。方法经监护人知情同意,并签署知情同意书后,采用数字表法将60例毛细支气管炎患儿随机分为治疗组30例,常规治疗组30例,并设健康对照组25例;常规治疗组予毛细支气管炎常规治疗,治疗组予常规治疗外,加用双歧杆菌三联活菌散治疗2个月。于急性期及口服双歧杆菌三联活菌散2月后检测EOS和TGF-β1水平。结果（1）治疗组患儿6月内再次喘息发作次数（0．67±0．13）明显少于常规治疗组（1．27±0．17）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。（2）治疗组和常规治疗组患儿急性期EOS[（0．72±0．13）×109／L和（0．70±0．13）×109／L]均高于健康对照组[（0.16±0．09）×109／L],差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;治疗组和常规治疗组患儿急性期TGF-β1[（1．20±0．13） ng／L和（1.22±0.11） ng／L]均低于健康对照组[（1．45±0．13） ng／L],差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。口服双歧杆菌三联活菌散2月后,治疗组EOS[（0．27±0．12）×109／L]低于常规治疗组[（0．36±0．14）×109／L],差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。治疗组TGF-β1水平[（1．41±0．09） ng／L]高于常规治疗组[（1．34±0．10） ng／L],差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论口服双歧杆菌三联活菌散能降低特应性体质毛细支气管炎患儿再发喘息次数并上调患儿EOS和TGF-β1水平。     

rhBMP-2m对γ射线辐射造血损伤小鼠的治疗

目的: 探讨重组人骨形成蛋白-2成熟肽(rhBMP-2m)对γ射线辐射造血损伤小鼠的影响. 方法: 15只小鼠随机分成3组:照射组、BMP治疗组和对照组,每组5只. 照射组和BMP治疗组均以60Co-γ射线7.5 Gy照射200 s,对照组不接受照射. 照射后,照射组和对照组每日腹腔注射生理盐水1 Ml,BMP治疗组注射等量0.5 g/L rhBMP-2m生理盐水稀释液,各6 d. 照射后1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 d以尾静脉采血观察3组小鼠外周血白细胞、红细胞及血小板变化;照射后11 d观察照射组、BMP治疗组小鼠脾结节形成数变化. 结果: 3组间小鼠的外周血白细胞、血小板数目随时间的变化差异有统计学意义 (P＜0.01),而外周血红细胞数目随时间的变化差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 与对照组相比,照射组外周血白细胞[如(0.32±0.11)×109 vs (4.05±1.18)×109, 7 d]、红细胞[如(6.73±1.68)×1012 vs (9.09±1.92)×1012, 7 d]、血小板计数[如(26.60±7.47)×109 vs (814.20±187.01)×109, 7 d]显著下降 (P＜0.01);与照射组相比,BMP治疗组外周血白细胞[如(1.61±0.31)×109 vs (0.32±0.11)×109, 7 d]、血小板计数[如(142.60±35.71)×1012 vs (26.60±7.47)×1012, 7 d]显著增高 (P＜0.01),外周血红细胞数目虽然增高[如(7.38±2.22)×1012 vs (6.73±1.68)×1012, 7 d],但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);BMP治疗组小鼠脾结节形成数显著多于照射组(P＜0.01). 结论: BMP可提高γ射线放射损伤小鼠各系的造血细胞数目及脾结节形成数,具有促进造血功能恢复的作用.     

灵芝多糖对γ射线照射后NIH3T3成纤维细胞细胞周期及细胞增殖的影响

目的探讨γ射线对成纤维细胞细胞周期及增殖的影响,以及从细胞水平探讨灵芝多糖的抗辐射作用。方法加不同剂量灵芝多糖的NIH3T3细胞在60Coγ射线15Gy照射12h后收集,以流式细胞仪检测细胞各周期百分率及凋亡率。结果照射剂量为15Gy阳性对照细胞组G0～G1期细胞数占细胞总数的52.76%,与阴性对照组(90.09%)对比,P＜0.01;加药剂量50mg/L组、100mg/L组、150mg/L组的G0～G1期细胞数分别占细胞总数66.17%、71.73%、76.1%,与阳性对照组对比,50mg/L组为P＜0.05,100mg/L组和150mg/L组P＜0.01有很显著性差异。阴性对照组细胞凋亡率0.4%,照射后各组细胞凋亡率均为0。结论15Gy60Coγ射线照射促进NIH3T3细胞增殖,0～15Gy照射后12h内不能促进细胞凋亡;加不同剂量灵芝多糖后均对细胞增殖有抑制作用,从而使受损细胞不能增殖,实现抗辐射作用。     

补中益气丸低剂量辐射防护作用的实验研究

目的探讨补中益气丸对3Gyγ射线辐射小鼠的保护作用。方法将60只小鼠随机分为正常组、辐射组、阳性药氨磷汀（WR2721）组、补中益气丸低、中、高剂量组。除正常组外其余各组接受3Gy60Coγ射线照射,观察各组小鼠外周血象变化。结果与辐射组比较,WR2721组在照射后1、5、9、12、16、20、27、31、34d白细胞数显著升高（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,补中益气丸中剂量组（2．34g·k^-1）在5、9、20、27、31、34d白细胞（WBC）数显著提高（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,补中益气丸低剂量组（1．17g·kg^-1）在20、27、31d时WBC数提升（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,补中益气丸高剂量组（4．68g·kg^-1）在20d时WBC数显著提升（P〈0．05）。血小板（PLT）值与辐射组比较,WR2721组和补中益气丸高剂量组在照射后1d显著性减轻辐射对PLT的损伤（P〈0．01）。结论补中益气丸各剂量组能显著提升辐射损伤小鼠外周血WBC数,高剂量组能减缓并减轻外周血中PLT的损伤,补中益气丸具有低剂量叮射线辐射防护作用。     

绿茶抗辐射损伤作用研究

目的 探讨绿茶对^60Coγ射线诱发小鼠辐射损伤的保护作用。方法 将小鼠35只随机分为正常对照组，辐射对照组，三个饮茶试验组，饮茶试验组动物分别饮用1．25％，2．5％，5％绿茶水浸液两周后，除正常对照动物组外，其余各组均以5Gy^60Coγ射线进行一次全身照射，并继续饮茶一周后处死全部动物，测定小鼠血清丙二醛（MDA）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力，股骨骨髓细胞DNA含量，有核细胞数及胸骨骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率。结果 三个饮茶试验组小鼠血清MDA含量、骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率显著低于辐射对照组（P＜0．05），血清SOD活力、骨髓细胞DNA含量和有核细胞数明显高于辐射对照组（P＜0．05）。结论 绿茶对辐射损作具有一定的防护作用。     

17a α-D- 高 炔雌二醇-3-乙 酯联合环磷酰胺对 L615白血病小鼠的实验研究

目的观察17aα-D-高炔雌二醇-3-乙酯（DHEA）联合环磷酰胺（CTX）对接种L615白血病细胞小鼠的治疗作用。方法将接种L615白血病细胞的小鼠分为对照组、CTX组、DHEA（低、中、高）剂量组、DHEA（低、中、高剂量）联合化疗（CTX）组,连续给药9、12d后分别检测肿瘤抑制率、外周血细胞数、骨髓有核细胞数、胸腺与脾指数等指标。结果DHEA低、中、高剂量组,CTX组以及DHEA（低、中、高剂量）联合CTX组瘤重均低于对照组,抑瘤率分别为45．40％、67．94％、50．48％、70．48％、69．21％、75．87％及72．06％．与对照组比较差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）。DHEA中剂量组瘤重均低于DHEA低剂量组及DHEA高剂量组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。DHEA低、中、高剂量组的白细胞数[（15．87±3．32）×10-9、（17．92±1．79）×10-9、（18．55±3．21）×10-9／L）]及DHEA联合CTX各组的白细胞数[（16．72±2．67）×10-9、（18．98±2．34）×10-9、（19．65±2．79）×10-9／L）]均高于对照组[（13．32±2．56）×10-9／L],差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）。DHEA低、中、高剂量组及DHEA联合CTX各组的白细胞数均高于CTX组[（10．56±1．83）×10-9／L],差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）。DHEA低、中、高剂量组的骨髓有核细胞数[（8．28±2．12）×10-9、（9．93±1．36）×10-6、（8．22±1．91）×10-6／股骨]及DHEA联合CTX各组的骨髓有核细胞数[（7．55±1．13）×10-9、（8．67±2．21）×10-9、（7．96±1．46）×10-6／股骨]均高于对照组[（6．34_±1．21）×10-6／股骨],差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。DHEA中剂量组的骨髓有核细胞与CTX组[（7．92±0．89）×10-6／股骨]比较差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）。DHEA低、中、高剂量组及DHEA联合CTX各组的胸腺和脾脏指数均高于对照组,与对照组比较差异均有高度统计学意义（均P〈0．01）。结论DHEA及联合化疗对L615白血病细胞有抑制作用,对化疗后荷瘤小鼠造血系统具有一定的保护作用。     

螺旋藻对辐射小鼠损伤的保护作用研究

目的 研究螺旋藻对^60Co-γ射线对辐射小鼠损伤的保护作用。方法对各组小鼠经口给予小鼠不同剂量螺旋藻14d，以^60Co-γ射线一次性照射后，测定小鼠的白细胞数、骨髓有核细胞数、骨髓细胞微核率、小鼠血中超氧化物歧化酶活性、小鼠血清溶血素。结果与辐射对照组比较，螺旋藻在中剂量组能提高辐照后第3天的小鼠外周血白细胞数（P〈0．05）、提高小鼠骨髓有核细胞数（P〈0．05）、提高照射后第7天辐射损伤模型小鼠血中超氧化物歧化酶活性（P〈0．05）、提高照射后第14天辐射损伤模型小鼠血清溶血素（P〈0．05），在高剂量组能提高辐照后第3天和第14天的小鼠外周血白细胞数（P〈0．05）、提高小鼠骨髓有核细胞数（P〈0．01）、降低小鼠骨髓细胞微核率（P〈0．05）、提高照射后第7天辐射损伤模型小鼠血中超氧化物歧化酶活性（P〈0．01）、提高照射后第14天辐射损伤模型小鼠血清溶血素（P〈0．05）。结论螺旋藻可增强小鼠机体抗氧化酶活性，对其血液系统、造血系统、免疫系统具有一定的辐射防护作用。     

再障生血胶囊对环磷酰胺致再障小鼠造血功能的影响

目的：评价再障生血胶囊对环磷酰胺所致小鼠再障造血功能的影响。方法：将清洁级ICR小鼠50只随机分为高剂量组[1．6g／（kg·日）],中剂量组[0．8g／k（g·日）],低剂量组[0．4g／（kg·日）],另设阴性对照组及空白对照组,每组10只。结果：外周血高、中、低剂量组白细胞分别是7．4±7．8×10^9／L、6．0±5．2×10^9／L、3．0±0．5×10^9／L．与阴性组相比,高、中剂量组有显著性差异。股骨骨髓有核细胞数分别为52．3±11．24×10^5／根、56．8±15．15×10^5／根、47．9±11．29×10^5／根。高、中、低剂量组均较阴性对照有极显著性差异。结论：再障生血胶囊能有效保护由环磷酰胺所致的骨髓损伤,对小鼠骨髓造血功能有明显的促进作用,对小鼠外周血白细胞损伤有一定的保护和修复作用。     

17a α-D-高炔雌二醇-3-乙酯联合放、化疗抗肿瘤作用的研究

目的 观察17a α-D-高炔雌二醇-3-乙酯（DHEA）联合放、化疗对EC109食管癌移植小鼠的抑制作用及放化疗对荷瘤小鼠造血系统的防护作用.方法 每只小鼠右侧腋窝下接种0.1 mL EC109细胞悬液,接种当天计为第1天.在接种后3d,将30只接种EC109的裸鼠随机分为对照组、照射组、5-Fu组（25 mg/kg）、DHEA组、DHEA联合照射组、DHEA联合5-Fu组,每组5只.DHEA按照7.5 mg/kg剂量腹腔注射给药,0.2 mL/只,1次/d,连续9d共给药9次.分别于第4天和第8天对照射组及DHEA联合照射组小鼠的肿瘤进行2 Gy局部照射.5-Fu按照25 mg/kg的剂量进行腹腔注射,0.2 mL/只,隔日1次,共给药4次.12d后分别检测肿瘤抑制率、外周血细胞数、骨髓有核细胞数等指标.结果 DHEA、DHEA联合照射组及DHEA联合化疗组瘤重均显著低于对照组[（0.34±0.02）g、（0.30±0.02）g、（0.23±0.02）g比（0.90±0.02）g,P＜0.01],DHEA联合照射组瘤重低于单照组[（0.30±0.02）g比（0.70±0.03）g,P＜0.05）].DHEA、DHEA联合照射及DHEA联合化疗组单个核细胞数均高于照射组[（18.3±1.7）×106、（19.3±0.5）×106、（19.2±2.0）×106比（9.4±2.4）×106,P＜ 0.05].结论 DHEA联合照射或化疗对食管癌移植小鼠具有较好的协同抗瘤效果,DHEA对照射和化疗后荷瘤小鼠造血系统具有一定的防护作用.     

电离辐射致小鼠骨髓基质细胞凋亡的研究

目的：探讨电离辐射致骨基质细胞（BMSC）凋亡的规律，方法：采用流式细胞仪，电镜技术观察不同剂量60Coγ射线照射后BMSC的凋亡变化。结果：经50Gy剂量照射后，BMSC未见有明显的形态学改变，而经100和200Gy照射后BMSC出现了明显的凋亡改变，流式细胞检测显示，经50Gy 剂量照射后，BMSC的凋亡率与正常对照组相比变化不明显（P＞0．05），100Gy照射后BMSC的亡率出现了明显改变（P＜0．01），而且这种变化始于照射后4h，至照后24h到达高峰，随后凋亡率慢慢下降，200Gy照射组的凋亡率高于100Gy组，但差异不明显（P＞0．05），结论；体外培养的BMSC受一定剂量的60Coγ射线照射后可发生凋亡，并具有较强的辐射抗性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.