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目的    从转录水平探讨牙龈组织中白细胞介素-8（IL-8）与慢性牙周炎的关系。方法    选择2000年3—9月四川大学华西口腔医学院门诊就诊的全身无系统性疾病的患者32例，分为牙周健康组和慢性牙周炎组，各16例。采用原位杂交法检测32例患者牙龈组织中IL-8 mRNA表达，分析IL-8 mRNA的检出率及IL-8分泌细胞在牙龈组织中的分布。结果    慢性牙周炎组IL-8 mRNA检出率高于牙周健康组，IL-8阳性细胞分布于牙龈上皮和结缔组织中。结论    IL-8 mRNA不仅存在于牙周炎组织中，在正常组织中也有检出，IL-8 mRNA致炎的具体机制尚有待于进一步研究。     

牙周炎患者血清、龈沟中的IL-8检测及其局部病变组织的免疫组织化学研究

目的 :探讨龈沟液中白细胞介素 8(IL - 8)的来源及IL - 8与成人牙周炎的关系。方法 :用ELISA法检测了30份血清样本 (13例牙周健康者 ,17例成人牙周炎患者血清 )和 2 7份龈沟液样本 (9例牙周健康者 ,18例成人牙周炎患者 )中IL - 8的水平。用免疫组织化学的方法检查了IL - 8分泌细胞在牙龈组织中的分布 (7例健康牙龈组织 ,18例成人牙周炎牙龈组织 )。结果 :成人牙周炎患者中血清IL - 8的检出率 (4 7% ,8 18)显著高于健康人血清中IL- 8的检出率 (7.7% ,1 13) ,P <0 .0 5 ;患者血清与患者龈沟液 ,健康者血清与健康者龈沟液之间 ,血清中IL - 8的含量均显著低于龈沟液 (P <0 .0 1)。IL - 8阳性细胞分布于牙龈的口腔龈上皮、结缔组织及沟内的上皮中 ;且结缔组织及沟内上皮中的IL - 8阳性细胞数量 ,成人牙周炎组显著高于健康对照组。结论 :龈沟液中的IL - 8主要来源于局部牙龈组织。IL - 8参与了牙周炎的病理过程。     

不同牙周状况龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌和福赛斯坦纳菌的分布

目的 分析中国牙周健康者和慢性牙周炎患者龈下菌斑中牙龈卟啉单胞菌和福赛斯坦纳菌的分布情况,探讨两种细菌在中国慢性牙周炎患者中的分布及其致病机理.方法 收集65例牙周健康者、62例慢性牙周炎患者的龈下菌斑,采用16S rRNA PCR方法检测牙龈卟啉单胞菌和福赛斯坦纳菌的分布.结果 牙周健康者牙龈卟啉单胞菌和福赛斯坦纳菌的检出率分别是21.6%、12.3%,慢性牙周炎患者病变位点两菌检出率分别为74.2%、58.1%,牙周炎健康位点两菌的检出率分别是22.6%、4.8%.牙周炎病变位点两种细菌的检出率均明显高于牙周健康者和牙周炎健康位点(P＜0.001);福赛斯坦纳菌在牙周健康者中的检出率高于牙周炎健康位点(P＜0.05);牙周健康者和牙周炎健康位点牙龈卟啉单胞菌的检出率没有差异.慢性牙周炎患者两菌联合检出率为51.6%.结论 牙龈卟啉单胞菌、福赛斯坦纳菌以及两种细菌联合感染与牙周炎密切相关.     

牙周炎患者牙龈组织中IL-21表达的研究

目的：研究不同类型牙周炎患者牙龈组织中IL-21基因的表达,探讨其在牙周炎发病中的作用。方法：选择慢性牙周炎患者12例,侵袭性牙周炎8例,健康对照组8例,采用实时定量PCR方法定量检测IL-21 mRNA在牙龈组织表达情况。结果：慢性牙周炎、侵袭性牙周炎、健康对照组牙龈组织中均有IL-21 mRNA的表达,慢性牙周炎组和侵袭性牙周炎组IL-21 mRNA相对表达量分别为0.000534±0.000504和0.00602±0.000137,显著高于健康对照组0.000161±0.000352,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。慢性牙周炎和侵袭性牙周炎牙龈组织IL-21mRNA表达没有显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论：IL-21在慢性牙周炎发病机制中可能发挥重要作用。     

牙周炎患者血清,龈沟中的IL—8检测及其局部病变组织的免疫组？…

目的：探讨龈沟液中白细胞介素８（ＩＬ－８）的来源及ＩＬ－８与成人牙周炎的关系。方法：用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测了３０份血清样本（１３例牙周健康者,１７全成人牙周炎患者血清）和２７份龈沟液样本（９例牙周健康者,１８例成人牙周炎患者）中ＩＬ－８的水平。用免疫组织化学的方法检查了ＩＬ－８分泌细胞在牙龈组织的分布（７例健康牙龈组织,１８例成人牙周炎牙龈组织）。结果：成人牙周炎患者中血清ＩＬ－８的检出率（４７％,８     

牙周炎和健康人牙周组织中细胞焦亡水平的比较研究

目的:研究慢性牙周炎和健康人的牙周组织中细胞焦亡水平是否存在差异。方法:分别纳入全身健康、无牙周病史、牙列完整的患者9例作为健康对照组，慢性牙周炎III～IV期患者9例作为牙周炎组。收集患者的牙周组织，免疫组化染色对牙龈组织中消皮素D(GSDMD)、半胱天冬酶-1(caspase-1)、NLRP3炎症小体、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-18(IL-18)的表达水平及分布进行定性分析；实时定量PCR检测牙龈组织和牙周膜组织中GSDMD、caspase-1、NLRP3、IL-1β及IL-18 mRNA的表达差异。结果:免疫组化染色显示牙周炎组的牙龈组织中GSDMD、caspase-1、NLRP3、IL-1β、IL-18的阳染色面积均大于健康组(P<0.05)。实时定量PCR检测显示，牙周炎组牙龈组织和牙周膜组织中GSDMD、caspase-1、NLRP3、IL-1β、IL-18 mRNA的表达量明显高于健康组(P<0.05)。结论:慢性牙周炎牙周组织的细胞焦亡水平高于健康人，提示细胞焦亡可能参与了牙周炎的发生发展。     

慢性牙周炎患者牙龈组织中IL-6、IL-34和M-CSFR的表达及临床意义

目的: 比较慢性牙周炎患者牙龈组织和健康牙龈组织中IL-6、IL-34及M-CSFR的表达水平,探讨IL-34 在慢性牙周炎发病中的作用。方法: 收集8例诊断为轻度慢性牙周炎患牙的牙龈组织和8例诊断为重度慢性牙周炎患牙的牙龈组织作为病例组,8例冠延长手术切除的牙龈组织作为对照组,应用实时荧光定量PCR检测IL-6、IL-34及M-CSFR mRNA的表达;应用蛋白免疫印迹检测IL-6、IL-34及M-CSFR蛋白的表达。使用GraphPad Prism 6.0对结果进行统计学分析。结果: IL-6、IL-34、M-CSFR mRNA及蛋白在慢性牙周炎牙龈组织中的表达水平均显著高于正常牙龈组织中的表达（P<0.05）。结论: IL-6、IL-34及M-CSFR的表达可能与慢性牙周炎密切相关。     

慢性牙周炎牙龈组织中细胞凋亡的研究

目的：观察慢性牙周炎牙龈组织中的凋亡细胞,并探讨其发生凋亡的机制。方法：采用透射电镜法观察牙龈组织凋亡细胞的超微结构、利用免疫组化方法检测20例慢性牙周炎患者及20例牙周健康者牙龈组织中凋亡蛋白Casepase-9、Cyt-C的表达并进行统计学分析。结果：慢性牙周炎患者牙龈组织中可观察到凋亡细胞,Case-pase-9、Cyt-C的阳性表达显著高于牙周健康组（P〈0.05）。结论：慢性牙周炎较牙周健康者龈组织发生明显的细胞凋亡现象,并依赖于线粒体途径。     

老年人牙周炎牙龈组织中凋亡细胞免疫组织化学研究

目的 :观察老年人牙周炎牙龈组织中凋亡细胞分布特点。方法 :采用特异性凋亡细胞免疫组织化学染色法 (TUNEL染色 ) ,对 15例老年人牙周炎患者 ,10例慢性成人牙周炎患者 ,10例青少年牙周炎患者和 11例健康老年人牙龈组织中阳性凋亡细胞的分布及计数进行比较研究。结果 :老年人牙周炎组阳性凋亡细胞总例数明显高于健康老年人组和慢性成人牙周炎组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;慢性成人牙周炎组和青少年牙周炎组阳性凋亡细胞总例数也明显高于健康老年人组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;老年人牙周炎组阳性凋亡细胞计数明显高于慢性成人牙周炎组、青少年牙周炎组和健康老年人组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :感染性炎症因素和衰老因素均能促进老年人牙周炎时牙龈组织细胞凋亡 ,这两个因素的双重协同作用造成了老年人牙周炎患者局部牙龈组织对刺激做出过强的细胞凋亡反应。     

牙龈卟啉单胞菌与龈沟液中白细胞介素8关系的研究

目的:探讨龈沟液(GCF)中白细胞介素8(IL -8)在慢性牙周炎病程中的变化、IL- 8与牙周临床检测指标以及同龈下菌斑中细菌含量的相关关系。方法: 5名非牙周炎患者的10颗牙周健康牙和30名慢性牙周炎(CP)患者的70颗牙(其中10颗为健康牙, 60颗为牙周炎患牙)纳入本研究。采集观察牙的GCF样本、龈下菌斑样本,同时记录所有牙的牙龈指数(GI)、牙周袋探诊深度(PPD)、临床附着丧失水平(CAL)。用ELISA法检测样本中IL -8的水平,用厌氧菌培养技术培养菌斑标本,用PCR法检测菌斑中的牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Pg),结果:慢性牙周炎组的GCF中IL -8的总量高于临床牙周健康组,而IL -8的质量浓度在各组中无差异。GCF中IL- 8浓度与GI、PPD、CAL无相关关系,而IL -8的总量与GI、PPD、CAL呈正相关关系。龈下菌斑中Pg的检出量与GCF中IL- 8的含量间未发现有相关关系。结论:慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液中IL- -8量增加与龈沟液分泌增加有关而与牙龈卟啉单胞菌检出CFU无关。     

The overexpression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 in chronic periodontitis

BACKGROUND: The objective of this prospective cross-sectional study was to determine if cyclo-oxygenase-2, or COX-2, is overexpressed in the inflamed gingival tissue of patients diagnosed as having moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis, or CP. METHODS: The authors evaluated clinical measures, crevicular fluid and gingival biopsy specimens from patients with moderate or severe CP (n = 16) and from healthy volunteers (n = 8). Patients were diagnosed as having CP based on clinical attachment loss, or CAL, of at least 5 millimeters at two sites in each quadrant and on evidence of alveolar bone loss as assessed from standard periapical or bite-wing radiographs. Healthy patients exhibited no sites with CAL of more than 2 mm and no evidence of alveolar bone loss. The authors used standard techniques to perform biochemical measures. RESULTS: Levels of interleukin-1 beta, or IL-1beta, in crevicular fluid were more than doubled in the CP group (P < .05). The amounts of COX-2 mRNA and protein also were elevated in gingival tissues from subjects with CP compared with those from healthy subjects. To gain further mechanistic insights, the authors conducted in vitro studies. The results showed that lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor alpha, or TNF-alpha, induced COX-2 in macrophages, while IL-1beta and TNF-alpha induced COX-2 in oral epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these results suggest that levels of COX-2 in gingivae reflect clinical measures of periodontitis and gingival inflammation. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The discovery of increased levels of COX-2 in inflamed gingival tissue suggests that COX-2 represents a pharmacological target for the prevention or treatment of CP.     

牙周基础治疗对2型糖尿病伴慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂和肿瘤坏死因子-α水平的影响

目的 观察牙周基础治疗对2型糖尿病伴发或不伴发慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液(gingival crevicular flu-id,GCF)丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(vaspin)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平的影响.方法 本研究包含60个研究对象,分为4组:15例2型糖尿病伴发慢性牙周炎患者为DM-CP组;15例慢性牙周炎不伴发2型糖尿病患者为CP组;15例牙周健康的2型糖尿病患者为DM组;15例牙周及全身系统均健康的个体为CTRL组.治疗前与牙周基础治疗8周后取样GCF并检测牙周临床指标.通过ELISA法检测GCF样本中vaspin和TNF-α的水平.结果 治疗前慢性牙周炎组GCF中vaspin和TNF-α水平显著高于牙周健康组(P<0.05),治疗后慢性牙周炎组GCF中vaspin和TNF-α水平显著降低(P<0.05).各组vaspin总量与TNF-α总量、糖化血红蛋白水平、牙龈指数以及探诊深度在统计学上存在正相关关系(P<0.05).结论 牙周基础治疗能明显降低慢性牙周炎患者GCF中vaspin和TNF-α的水平.提示GCF中vaspin和TNF-α可作为糖尿病、牙周炎诊断及其预后的炎性标志物.     

The impact of smoking status on antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde levels in chronic periodontitis

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of smoking status on the systemic and local superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), and catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in subjects with chronic periodontitis (CP). Methods: Sixty‐five CP patients (23 smokers [CP‐S], 23 former smokers [CP‐FS], and 19 non‐smokers [CP‐NS]) and 20 periodontally healthy non‐smoker controls (PH‐NS) were included in the study. After the clinical measurements, serum and gingival tissue samples were collected. SOD, GSH‐Px, and CAT activities and MDA levels in hemolysates and gingival tissue samples were spectrophotometrically assayed. Results: Blood MDA levels in all the periodontitis groups were higher than in the PH‐NS group but only the difference between CP‐FS and PH‐NS groups was significant (P <0.01). Gingival tissue MDA levels in the periodontitis groups were significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.01). However, the control group had the highest gingival SOD, GSH‐Px, and CAT activities compared with all the periodontitis groups (P <0.01). The CP‐S group had the highest gingival MDA levels and SOD, GSH‐Px, and CAT activities among the periodontitis groups, whereas the lowest values were observed in the CP‐NS group (P <0.01). The blood and gingival MDA levels in the CP‐FS group were similar in the CP‐NS group, whereas they were lower than in the CP‐S group. Conclusions: Systemic and local MDA levels are increased by smoking in addition to the impact of periodontitis. The decreased local SOD, GSH‐Px, and CAT activities observed in periodontitis patients may increase with smoking.     

The gingiva contains leptin and leptin receptor in health and disease

The presence of leptin (OB) and soluble OB receptor (s-OB-R) in gingival tissue extract and gingival crevicular fluid has led the studies investigating the relationship between OB and periodontal diseases. This study aims to investigate the levels of OB and s-OB-R in serum and their presence in gingiva of healthy controls (HC), gingivitis (G), aggressive periodontitis (AP), and chronic periodontitis (CP) patients; and whether correlations exist between clinical and serum parameters, OB and s-OB-R. Seventy-seven subjects [HC (n = 20), G (n = 20), CP (n = 21), and AP (n = 16)] were included in this study. After the clinical periodontal parameter recordings and venous blood sampling, gingival tissues obtained. Serum parameters' levels determined with enzyme linked immune sorbent assay; and OB and OB-R in gingiva immunohistochemically. No significant differences were observed regarding the serum parameters [high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lipids, OB, and s-OB-R] when the groups were compared (P > 0.0125). The serum OB has positive correlations with hs-CRP in the G group (P < 0.05), and s-OB-R has presented significant negative correlations with BOP in HC group (P < 0.05), with hs-CRP in G (P < 0.05) and AP groups (P < 0.05). The positive correlations were observed between the serum OB and HDL and body mass index in the CP group (P < 0.05). In all of the tissue samples of all groups, there was positive OB and OB-R immunoreactivity in the gingival epithelium. The gingival tissues contain both OB and OB-R. The serum levels of OB and s-OB-R do not vary between patients and with different periodontal conditions.     

IL-12 and IL-18 levels in serum and gingival tissue in aggressive and chronic periodontitis

Oral Diseases (2011) 17 , 522–529 Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the levels of interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) and IL‐18 in gingival tissue and serum between patients with chronic (n = 18) or aggressive periodontitis (n = 12) and healthy subjects (HS) (n = 9). Methods: Gingival tissue biopsies and serum were obtained from all study subjects. The tissue was homogenized and cytokines IL‐12 and IL‐18 were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Interleukin‐12 levels in gingival tissue were significantly higher in aggressive periodontitis patients than in HS; serum IL‐12 was significantly elevated in aggressive periodontitis relative to both chronic periodontitis (CP) and HS. IL‐18 levels in gingival tissue showed no significant differences between the groups. Patients with CP showed significantly elevated levels of serum IL‐18 compared with HS; however, the aggressive periodontitis group showed no significant differences with either the CP group or the HS. Conclusions: Our results showed higher levels of IL‐12 in gingival tissue and serum of patients with aggressive periodontitis, and IL‐18 was elevated in the serum of CP patients. The patterns of IL‐12 and IL‐18 are different in chronic and aggressive periodontitis; this finding suggests distinctive mechanisms of immunopathogenesis between these forms of periodontitis.     

牙周炎患者龈沟液中IL—8的含量测定

目的：研究IL－8在牙周炎病程中的变化及与临床指标的关系,方法：采用双抗夹心ABC－ELISA法测定慢性牙周炎（CP）患者,健康对照者以及CP治疗前后患者的龈沟液中IL－8含量,IL－8总量,同时检测临床指标并作相关性检验。结果：CP患者龈沟液中IL－8检出率显著高于健康对照者（P＜0．025）,在CP患者和健康者之间以及CP治疗前后患者的龈沟液中IL－8总量,龈沟液（GCF）量均存在统计学差异（分别为P＜0．01,P＜0．05）,而IL－8含量无统计学差异（P＞0．05）,IL－8总量,GCF量与临床指标存在正相关性（P＜0．01）,结论：IL－8总量在牙周炎病程中呈动态性改变,检测GCF中IL－8的水平对评价牙周炎的程度及指导临床治疗有一定价值。     

类风湿关节炎伴牙周炎患者血清龈沟液中白介素18检测及意义

目的本研究通过观察白介素18(IL-18)在慢性牙周炎(CP)及类风湿关节炎(RA)患者血清及龈沟液中浓度的改变探讨类风湿性关节炎与牙周炎的关系。方法采用双免疫酶联法检测16例健康志愿者、20例牙周炎患者、21例类风湿关节炎患者、26例牙周炎伴类风湿关节炎患者血清及牙龈沟液中IL-18的含量。记录四组患者的牙龈出血指数(BI)、牙周探诊深度(PD)、临床附着丧失(CAL)水平。结果龈沟液中IL-18水平RA+CP组(221.83±43.38)pg/m L高于CP组(198.00±37.72)pg/m L,RA组(138.10±23.16)pg/m L和HP组(135.12±27.11)pg/m L且与各组之间差异均具有统计学意义(p<0.05);血清中IL-18水平在CP+RA组(321.02±260.57)pg/m L,CP组(220.60±228.37)pg/m L,RA组(186.29±253.03)pg/m L,HP组(169.56±143.82)pg/m L间呈现降低趋势,CP+RA组与HP组差异具有统计学意义。结论类风湿性关节炎与牙周炎之间可能存在相关性,而IL-18可能是联系两者的生物学基础之一。