Balloon angioplasty of coronary bifurcation lesions: the kissing balloon technique

Initial experience with the technique of "kissing balloon" angioplasty is described in 52 patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. Guiding catheters employing both the femoral and brachial approach were used in all but two of the coronary angioplasties and, in addition, the bilateral femoral approach was used in the renal and peripheral angioplasties. Initial success was achieved in 51 (98%) patients. Abrupt closure requiring urgent coronary revascularization occurred in one patient six hours following the completion of the procedure. Another patient developed a new Q-wave on the electrocardiogram and moderate elevation of CPK-MB fraction following the procedure due to loss of a diagonal branch. No deaths occurred in this series. Angiographic restenosis developed in ten patients. In the recurrence group, five had repeat kissing balloon angioplasty, two had repeat single vessel angioplasty, and three patients chose elective surgical revascularization. Based on our experience, the technique of kissing balloon coronary angioplasty can be performed safely utilizing the brachio-femoral technique. The risk of major side branch occlusion can be minimized with this technique and the overall complication rate does not significantly differ from that of our experience in single vessel coronary angioplasty. Patient selection criteria are based upon the angiographic relationship of the major branch to the side branch and is important in determining the initial and long-term success of this technique.     

Sequential vs. kissing balloon angioplasty for stenting of bifurcation coronary lesions.

Coronary angioplasty of bifurcation lesions remains a technical challenge and is believed to result in low procedural success associated with the risk of side-branch occlusion. Furthermore, long-term results are associated with a high rate of reintervention. The aim of the study was to evaluate the immediate and long-term clinical and angiographic results of sequential vs. simultaneous balloon angioplasty (kissing balloon technique) for stenting of bifurcation coronary lesions. Between December 1999 and January 2001, 59 patients underwent coronary angioplasty because of symptomatic bifurcation lesions type III (i.e., side branch originates from within the target lesion of the main vessel, and both main and side branch are angiographically narrowed more than 50%). Twenty-six patients were treated with simultaneous and 33 patients with sequential balloon angioplasty. Main-vessel stent placement was mandatory; side-branch stenting and platelet IIb/IIIa antagonists were allowed at the discretion of the operator. Kissing balloon technique offered no advantage in terms of procedural success or need for repeat target vessel revascularization due to restenosis at 6-month follow-up. Using sequential balloon angioplasty, permanent or transient side-branch compromise rate (TIMI flow < 3) was significantly higher than after kissing balloon technique (33% vs. 0%, respectively; P = 0.003). Major clinical events in-hospital or at 6-month follow-up, however, showed no significant differences. Kissing balloon angioplasty reduces the rate of transient side-branch occlusion compared to sequential PTCA but does not improve immediate or long-term outcome compared to sequential PTCA for stenting of bifurcation lesions.     

药物涂层球囊联合切割球囊行冠状动脉分叉病变边支保护的疗效观察

目的探索切割球囊联合药物球囊行冠状动脉分叉病变分支血管保护的即刻效果及远期预后。方法回顾性选取2017年1月至2018年6月解放军总医院收治的冠状动脉分叉病变患者60例为研究对象。依据治疗方法分为2组:研究组(n=28)和对照组(n=32)。研究组和对照组分别预埋药物球囊和普通球囊。比较2组患者基线资料、即刻手术效果、围手术期并发症,以及随访9个月发生的主要不良心血管事件(MACE)、靶病变血运重建和晚期管腔丢失(LLL)。采用SPSS 24.0软件进行统计分析。依据数据类型,组间比较分别采用t检验或χ~2检验。结果 2组患者术前病变类型及影像学参数、术后主支及分支血管最小直径和残余狭窄间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2组患者围手术期均无并发症发生。研究组和对照组患者MACE发生率间差异具有统计学意义[25.8%(8/31)vs 3.57%(1/28),P=0.044],但2组靶病变血运重建率[3.57%(1/28)vs 9.88%(3/31),P0.05]差异无统计学意义。部分患者术后9个月完成影像学复查,研究组和对照组主支直径及主支LLL差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但分支血管最小直径[(2.50±0.48)vs(1.96±0.39)mm,P=0.013]及分支血管LLL[(0.04±0.07)vs(0.25±0.36)mm,P=0.024]间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论切割球囊联合药物球囊在冠状动脉分叉病变分支保护中安全、有效。     

Immediate and 3-month follow-up outcome after cutting balloon angioplasty for bifurcation lesions

Balloon angioplasty of a bifurcation lesion is associated with lower rates of success and higher rates of complications than such treatment of lesions of most other morphologies. To date, the best device or procedure for bifurcation lesions has not been determined. The aim of this study was to compare the immediate and 3-month follow-up outcome of cutting balloon angioplasty (CBA) versus conventional balloon angioplasty (PTCA) for the treatment of bifurcation lesions. We treated 87 consecutive bifurcation lesions with CBA (n = 50) or PTCA (n = 37). Paired angiograms were analyzed by quantitative angiography, and angiographic follow-up was achieved for 93% of the lesions. The procedural success was 92% in the CBA group and 76% in the PTCA group (P < 0.05). Major in-hospital complications occurred in two lesions in the CBA group and six in the PTCA group (P = 0.05). The incidence of bail-out stenting in the CBA group was lower than in the conventional PTCA (8% vs 24%, P < 0.05). At the 3-month follow-up, the restenosis rate was 40% in the CBA group versus 67% in the PTCA group (P < 0.05). Clinical events during follow-up did not differ between the two groups. In conclusion, in comparison with PTCA, procedural success was greater and the restenosis rate lower with CBA. The results of this study support the use of the cutting balloon as optimal treatment for bifurcation lesions. (J Interven Cardiol 2004;17:1–7)     

Simultaneous double balloon coronary angioplasty through a single guiding catheter for bifurcation lesions

To enhance the safety, efficacy and expediency of coronary bifurcation lesion angioplasty, we report the use of two dilatation catheters, advanced simultaneously through a single guide catheter in three patients. Successful dilatation was performed in each. The technique involves the use of either two new low-profile dilatation catheters in an 8 French large lumen guide catheter or a single new low-profile dilatation catheter coupled with a conventional over-the-wire catheter within a new large lumen 9 French guide.     

Cutting balloon angioplasty for treatment of calcified coronary lesions.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of cutting balloon angioplasty in treatment of angiographically moderate and severe calcified coronary lesions. Thirty-seven calcified coronary lesions (29 patients) detected by angiography were dilated with cutting balloon. Predilatation with plain balloon was performed in 27 (73.0%) lesions and stent was implanted in 23 (62.2%) lesions following cutting balloon. Acute gain following cutting balloon in predilated lesions was compared to the acute gain following plain balloon predilatation. For predilated lesions, acute gain after cutting balloon was significantly greater compared with plain balloon predilatation (1.51 +/- 0.49 vs. 0.77 +/- 0.42; P = 0.01). This result was achieved with larger size and lower pressure of cutting balloon compared with plain balloon (3.28 +/- 0.46 vs. 2.94 +/- 0.55, P = 0.01; 10.38 +/- 1.64 vs. 13.19 +/- 3.63, P = 0.001, respectively). The final gain following cutting balloon dilatation was significantly higher than the expected gain obtained by using a plain balloon of the same size (1.51 +/- 0.49 vs. 0.93 +/- 0.48; P < 0.0001), which was inflated at significantly higher pressure compared with cutting balloon. When we compared acute gain following cutting balloon in lesions with and without predilatation, we found no significant difference (P = 0.31). Angiographic success was achieved in 36 (97.3%) lesions and procedural success in 33 (89.1%) lesions. In-hospital major adverse cardiac event (MACE) occurred in three (10.3%) patients. Follow-up MACE was reported from three (10.3%) patients. In conclusion, cutting balloon angioplasty is feasible and safe in treatment of angiographically moderate and severe calcified lesions. Dilating efficiency of cutting balloon seems to be greater compared with a plain balloon of the same size, which was inflated at significantly higher pressure compared with cutting balloon. These results can be achieved with low in-hospital MACE and are associated with a good long-term outcome.     

The glider balloon: A useful device for the treatment of bifurcation lesions

Background

Final kissing balloon dilatation (FKBD) is a recommended final step in case of treatment of bifurcation lesions by two stents approaches. Furthermore, dilatation of the side branch (SB) may be necessary following main vessel (MV) stenting. Occasionally, recrossing the stent struts with a balloon is hampered because the tip hits a stent strut.

Methods

The Glider (TriReme Medical, Pleasanton, CA) is a dedicated balloon designed for crossing through struts of deployed stents toward a SB. From October 2010 to January 2012, FKBD was attempted in 236 consecutive bifurcation lesions treated in our Institution. FKBD was successfully performed by conventional balloon catheters in 221 (93.5%) lesions (Conventional group). In the remaining 15 (6.5%) lesions, where a conventional balloon failed to cross the stent strut, the Glider balloon was attempted (Glider group).

Results

The angle beta (between the axis of the MV after the branch point and the SB axis at the point of divergence) was wider in the Glider group (83 ± 17° versus 65 ± 27°; p = 0.032). A trend toward an higher rate of the true bifurcation lesions was observed in the Glider group (93% versus 70.5%; p = 0.07). The Glider balloon successfully crossed through MV stent struts toward a SB in 12 patients (80%), whereas failed in the remaining 3 patients.

Conclusions

The Glider balloon represents an unique bail-out device which offers an effective rescue strategy for recrossing stent struts during complex bifurcation stenting.     

Rotational coronary atherectomy with adjunctive balloon angioplasty for the treatment of ostial lesions

Conventional balloon angioplasty (PTCA) of ostial lesions (OL) is associated with suboptimal results and a higher complication rate. Partial plaque ablation with rotational atherectomy (RA) before PTCA might improve results. This approach was used in 63 patients (pts) (mean age 64±10 yrs; 44 men, 19 women) with 69 OL. There were 15 aorto-OL and 54 branch-OL. Calcification was more frequent in aorto-OL than in branch-OL (67% vs. 35%, P< 0.05). Mean burr size was 1.8±0.3 mm. Burr-artery ratio was 0.74±0.10. Adjunctive PTCA was systematically performed. Procedural success was achieved in 58 pts (92%): 14 aorto-OL (93%) and 50 branch-OL (93%) were successfully treated; major complications occurred in 1 (7%) aorto-OL and 1 (2%) branch-OL. Uncomplicated failure occurred in three cases. Minimal lumen diameter (MLD) increased from 0.69±0.31 mm before RA to 1.43±0.28 mm after RA (P<0.001) and 2.16±0.29 mm after PTCA (P<0.001). Diameter stenosis (DS) decreased from 75±13% before RA to 32±12% after RA (P<0.001) and 14±10% after PTCA (P<0.001). All successfully treated pts underwent repeat angiography 24 h later and exercise testing or repeat cardiac catheterization >6 mo later. At 24 h repeat angiography, DS was 17±15% (P=NS vs. after PTCA); no lesion had a DS ≥ 50%. Follow-up coronary angiography was performed in 30 pts (52%) who had abnormal stress testing: 13 pts (43%) showed angiographic restenosis in at least one successfully treated OL. In conclusion, RA with adjunctive PTCA is a safe and effective treatment of OL. It is associated with higher success and lower major complications rates when compared with conventional PTCA. Restenosis remains a major limitation of all percutaneous approaches. © Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

药物涂层球囊在冠状动脉分叉病变边支介入治疗中的临床应用

目的探讨药物涂层球囊应用于冠状动脉分叉病变边支血管保护的可行性分析。方法选择2015年3月~2016年3月在解放军总医院经冠状动脉造影证实冠状动脉分叉病变患者20例,Medina分型1,1,1;1,0,1;0,1,1,分别为11、5、4例。行PCI,于主支血管置入药物洗脱支架,边支血管用药物涂层球囊主动保护技术处理,术后即刻冠状动脉造影检查。术后6个月临床随访,统计患者主要心脑血管不良事件。结果20例患者PCI成功率为100%。20例患者主支置入药物洗脱支架,边支血管用药物涂层球囊主动保护技术处理,主支血管最小管腔直径由术前(1.49±0.46)mm增加至术后(3.20±0.53)mm(P=0.001),分支血管由术前(1.36±0.66)mm增加至术后(1.78±0.61)mm(P=0.048)。术后6个月患者无主要心脑血管不良事件发生。结论药物涂层球囊主动保护技术应用于冠状动脉分叉病变边支血管保护安全、有效。     

应用切割球囊与普通球囊治疗分叉病变的安全有效性分析

目的:对比简单策略治疗分叉病变过程中,应用切割球囊或普通球囊预扩张及血管成形术的有效性及安全性,为分叉病变治疗策略提供依据。方法:入选2009年至2013年期间,我院心内科218例冠心病患者233个分叉病变,分叉病变分型均为Duke D或Duke F型,边支血管直径>2.0mm,有明显血流动力学意义,主支病变经切割球囊预处理(CB组)或普通球囊预扩张(PB组)后置入支架,分支病变仅行切割球囊(CB组)或普通球囊预扩张(PB组),观察手术成功率、边支受累情况、并发症及随访主要心血管不良事件(MACEs)情况。结果:218例患者233个分叉病变位于前降支/第一对角支占73.4%(171例),回旋支/钝缘支占12.0%(28例),右冠状动脉/后降支或左心室后支占14.6%(50例)。CB组患者122例,PB组患者96例,两组患者临床基线资料与分叉病变特点比较,差异无统计学意义。CB组与PB组主支血管PCI成功率相似(98.1%vs.100%,P>0.05),但CB组患者分支血管PTCA成功率较高(92.1%vs.78.3%,P<0.05)。CB组患者围手术期心肌梗死发生情况亦少于PB组患者(4.1%vs.12.5%,P<0.05)。术后随访12个月结果表明,MACEs发生比率CB组少于PB组患者(5.31%vs.14.0%,P<0.05)。结论:简单策略治疗分叉病变过程中,应用切割球囊行预扩张及血管成形术对比普通球囊安全、有效,其成功率高,并发症较少,是临床实践中治疗冠状动脉分叉病变安全、有效、可行的方法。     

Simplified two-wire technique for bifurcation lesions during coronary angioplasty

Bifurcation lesions are commonly encountered in coronary angioplasty. This paper describes a simplified approach to the problem with emphasis on the equipment used.     

应用切割球囊结合支架术治疗冠状动脉分叉处病变89例

目的 :评价经皮冠状动脉腔内切割球囊成形术 （PTCBA）结合支架术治疗冠脉分叉处病变的安全性及疗效。方法 :对 89例冠心病患者主支病变应用 PTCBA预扩张后置入支架、分支病变单行 PTCBA而不置入支架 ,观察其冠脉病变特点、手术过程相关因素、手术成功率、并发症和近、中期随访结果。结果 :89例患者中分叉处病变位于前降支 /对角支占 71% ,回旋支 /钝圆支占 2 5 % ,右冠脉 /后降支或后侧支占 4%。对分支血管行 PTCBA后 1例因残余狭窄 >5 0 %而植入支架 ,1例因并发轻度钙化且分支成角较大切割球囊未通过 ,改用常规 PTCA球囊扩张成功。病变 PTCBA成功率达 97.8% ;无院内死亡、急性心肌梗死 （AMI）、急性心包填塞及急诊冠脉搭桥术等严重并发症。对手术成功的 87例术后临床随访 3～ 2 6个月 ,无死亡及 AMI等心脏事件发生。临床心绞痛复发率 17.2 %。复查冠脉造影 （CAG）率 5 6.3 % ,示 49处分叉病变主支支架内再狭窄率 14.3 % ,分支血管再狭窄率 18.4%。结论 :PTCBA结合支架术治疗冠脉分叉处病变是一种安全、有效的介入治疗技术 ,其成功率高、并发症少 ,近、中期疗效满意     

Percutaneous excimer laser coronary angioplasty of lesions not ideal for balloon angioplasty

BACKGROUND. Excimer laser coronary angioplasty is a new, investigational technique for treating coronary artery stenoses. Initial reports have demonstrated acute efficacy and relative safety of this procedure, but have not addressed the effect of lesion type on acute success and complication rates. METHODS AND RESULTS. In the first 100 patients undergoing percutaneous excimer laser coronary angioplasty at our institution, acute laser success was obtained in 84% and procedural success was obtained in 94%. There were six acute closures during laser angioplasty and one myocardial infarction. Two patients required emergency coronary bypass surgery. Sixty-five percent of patients had lesions not ideal for balloon angioplasty because of lesion morphology (tubular, diffuse, or chronic total occlusion) or ostial location. There were 10 tubular stenoses, 29 diffuse lesions, 18 chronic total occlusions, and eight ostial lesions, including five aorto-ostial lesions. In this nonideal subgroup, the acute success rate with laser was 86% (72% of chronic total occlusions and 91% of non-totally occluded lesions), and the procedural success rate was 94%. There were three acute occlusions during laser angioplasty but no myocardial infarctions, emergency bypass surgeries, or deaths. One coronary artery perforation occurred without clinical sequelae. Laser angioplasty was successful in four of six lesions (67%) in which balloon angioplasty had failed. Laser success was obtained in 10 of 11 (91%) moderately or heavily calcified stenoses. Eight eccentric lesions and two lesions on bends were successfully treated without dissection or perforation. No side branch occlusions occurred in the 15 patients in whom one or more major branches originated within the lesion treated. Adjunctive balloon angioplasty was performed in 47% of cases, usually to obtain a larger final luminal diameter. Need for adjunctive balloon angioplasty decreased to 36% after a larger (2.0 mm) laser catheter became available. Twenty-eight percent of the 105 lesions treated were American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association classification type A, 47% were type B, and 25% were type C. Laser and procedural successes were obtained in 83% and 97% of type A, 88% and 96% of type B, and 85% and 88% of type C lesions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS. In our initial experience, excimer laser angioplasty was found to be acutely effective and safe therapy for lesions identified as not ideal for balloon angioplasty. This technique may provide a useful adjunct or alternative to balloon angioplasty in selected patients.     

优化的Culotte术式在冠状动脉真性分叉病变中的应用

目的:探讨在Culotte技术中优化再导丝化操作(Re-wire),对真性冠状动脉分叉病变中应用的安全性和有效性。方法:研究入选冠状动脉造影证实的Medina分型,1,1,1型分叉病变患者146例,其中78例接受传统Culotte术式治疗(传统组),68例接受优化Culotte术式(优化组)。随访12个月,并于术后9~12个月复查冠状动脉造影,观察入选患者的临床基本特征、手术操作特征、冠状动脉脉造影随访及12个月的临床随访结果。结果:两组手术成功率和最终对吻球囊扩张率均为100%,在病变处理时间和造影剂用量上两组结果相似,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。共有109例患者完成冠状动脉造影随访。与传统组相比,优化组分支支架内晚期管腔丢失(LLL)明显降低[(0.32±0.30)vs.(0.20±0.23)mm,P=0.01],分支开口LLL也明显降低[(0.34±0.38)vs.(0.22±0.31)mm,P=0.02],分支支架内再狭窄率有降低的趋势(10.9%vs.1.8%),但差异无统计学意义(P=0.11)。两组患者随访期间的主要不良心脏事件和支架内血栓的发生率分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:优化Re-wire操作明显降低了Culotte技术在分叉病变分支支架内和分支开口的晚期管腔丢失,取得了良好的长期临床疗效,手术成率高,同时并未明显延长病变处理时间。     

Coronary stenting versus balloon angioplasty in small coronary artery with complex lesions.

The impact of stenting on small vessels (< 3.0 mm) with complex lesions (B2-C) is still controversial. Restenosis rate in this population is high (> 40%). We compared early and late outcome of patients with complex coronary lesions in small vessel treated with traditional coronary angioplasty (angioplasty group) and with elective stent implantation (stent group). Angioplasty group (n = 97) and stent group (n = 112) were comparable for all clinical and angiographic characteristics. All patients in the two groups had clinical and angiographic follow-up. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and restenosis rate were evaluated. No patients in the two groups experienced in-hospital death or bypass surgery. Myocardial infarction occurred in four patients in the angioplasty group and in seven patients in the stent group (P = 0.36). No patients in either the angioplasty or the stent group had acute stent thrombosis, whereas subacute stent thrombosis occurred in only one patients of the stent group (0.9%). Long-term MACEs (20 +/- 4 month) were not different in the two groups (angioplasty group 39% vs. stent group 44%, P = 0.35). Target lesion revascularization rate was 33% in the angioplasty group and 34% in the stent group (P = 0.50). Restenosis rate was not statistically different in the two groups (stent group 41% vs. angioplasty group 38%, P = 0.41). In conclusion, compared to balloon angioplasty, elective stent implantation in small vessels with complex lesions does not improve early and late outcome. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 50:390-397, 2000.