氯沙坦对扩张型心肌病心力衰竭患者纤溶参数的影响

目的：了解扩张型心肌病心力衰竭患者纤溶参数的变化，及氯沙坦对纤溶参数的影响。方法：测定40名健康者和60例扩张型心肌病心衰患者血浆纤溶酶原激活物（tPA)活性，纤溶酶原激活物抑制物－1（PAI－1）活性以及血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）含量，将扩张型心肌病患者随机分成常规治疗组和氯沙坦组。治疗14天后复查tPA、PAI-1、AngⅡ。结果：L与正常对照组相比，扩张型心肌病心衰患者tPA活性下降、PAI－1活性升高、AngⅡ含量上升（P＜0．01）。治疗14天后，常规治疗组tPA与PAI－1的活性和AngⅡ含量无显著变化（P＞0．05）；氯沙坦组tPA活性上升、PAI－1活性下降（P＜0．01），AngⅡ含量降低（P＜0．05）。结论：扩张型心肌病心力衰竭患者纤溶参数明显异常，氯沙坦能改善纤溶参数活性。     

持续气道正压通气对OSAHS患者血管内皮细胞及纤溶系统的影响

为探讨经鼻持续气道正压通气（nCPAP)治疗前后阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者血管内皮细胞及纤溶系统的变化及临床意义，选择年龄，性别，体重指数（BMI）无明显差异的OSAHS患者38例和健康者对照组32例，用多导睡眠呼吸监测仪进行监测，以凝固法测定纤维蛋白原（Fg），发色底物法测组织纤溶酶原激活物活性（tPA：A）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物－1活性（PAI－1：A），酶联免疫法测vonWillebrand因子（vWF)、组织纤溶酶原激活物抗原（tPA:Ag）、纤溶酶原含量（PLg:Ag)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物－1含量（PAI－1：Ag）。结果OSAHS组与对照组比较，vWF,Fg,tPA:Ag、PAI－1：A明显升高（P分别＜0．01，0．001，0．001，0．01），PLg:Ag、tPA:A、tPA:Ag、最低血氧饱和度（SaO2low)明显降低（P分别＜0．01，0．001，0．001，0．01).nCPAP治疗后与治疗前比较，vWF,Fg,PAI-1:Ag,PAI-1:A明显降低（P分别＜0．05，0．01，0．01，0．01），PLg:Ag,tPA:A,tPA:Ag，最低SaO2明显升高（P分别＜0．05，0．001，0．001，0．01）。提示OSAHS患者血管内皮细胞损伤，凝血功能增强，纤溶系统功能减弱;nCPAP治疗能部分纠正各指标的异常。     

老年高血压患者血浆纤溶水平与胰岛素抵抗关系的研究

目的 了解老年高血压患者胰岛素抵抗、血浆纤溶水平改变，并对二者关系进行探讨。方法 用放射免疫分析法检测42例老年高血压患者和32例老年健康对照者的空腹胰岛素（FINS）水平，用酶联免疫法测定其血浆组织纤溶酶原激活物（tPA)及其抑制物－1（PAI－1）水平。结果 老年高血压患者的FINS，tPA和PAI－1水平较对照组明显升高（P值分别＜0．001，＜0．01，＜0．001），其胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）相应降低（P＜0．05）。FINS与tPA和PAI－1呈正相关（P值分别＜0．01，＜0．001），ISI与上述二指标呈负相关（P值分别＜0．05，＜0．01）。结论 老年高血压患者存在胰岛素抵抗（IR）和血浆纤溶水平下降，其血浆纤溶水平的变化与该患者的胰岛素抵抗有关。     

葛根素对冠心病患者胰岛素抵抗及内皮纤溶功能的影响

将72例冠心病（CHD）患者随机分为常规组（33例）和葛根素组（39例），均于治疗前及治疗结束时检测其血糖，胰岛素，纤溶指标，计算胰2岛素敏感性指数（ISI），并行静脉闭塞试验（VOT）；同时选择30例健康人作为对照组。结果显示：（1）与对照组比较，CHD患者的血浆胰岛素（FINS）浓度增高（P＜0．05），ISI降低（P＜0．05），VOT前及VOT时内皮细胞型纤溶酶原激活物（t-PA)活性降低（P＜0．01），纤溶酶原激活物抑制物－1（PAI－1）活性增高（P＜0．01）。FINS，ISI与纤溶指标存在高度线性相关意义。（2）葛根素组治疗后FINS，PAI－1下降（P＜0．01），ISI，VOT前及VOT时t-PA增高（P＜0．05，＜0．01），与常规组治疗后比较均具有显著性差异（P＜0．05，P＜0．01）。认为葛根素能改善CHD患者的胰岛素抵抗（IR）及与其密切相关的内皮纤溶功能。     

索他洛尔对急性心肌梗死血小板活化及纤溶活性和内皮血管活性物质的影响

目的 :探讨索他洛尔对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)血小板活化、纤溶活性和内皮血管活性物质的影响。方法 :新西兰大白兔 4 0只 ,随机分为 4组 ,每组 10只 ,Ⅰ组 :假手术组 ,Ⅱ组 :AMI组 ,Ⅲ组 :利多卡因组 ,Ⅳ组 :索他洛尔组 ;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别结扎冠状动脉左室支中点 ,4h后取血分别测定血栓素B2 (TxB2 )、6 酮 前列腺素F1α(6 keto PGF1α)、内皮素 (ET)、一氧化氮 (NO)浓度和组织型纤溶酶原激活剂 (t PA)、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物 (PAI)活性 ;摘取心脏 ,测定心肌梗死范围。结果 :Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组与Ⅰ组比较 ,血浆TxB2 、ET、NO浓度和PAI活性显著升高(P <0 .0 1) ,6 keto PGF1α浓度、t PA活性显著下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,Ⅲ组与Ⅱ组比较 ,差异无显著性意义 ,Ⅳ组与Ⅱ组比较 ,血浆TxB2 、ET、NO浓度和PAI活性明显降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,6 keto PGF1α浓度、t PA活性显著升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,梗死范围减小。结论 :索他洛尔抑制AMI早期血小板活化 ,改善纤溶活性 ,减少ET和NO的释放 ,缩小心肌梗死范围     

低强度氦氖激光血管内照射对家兔血栓素、前列环素及脂质过氧化物的影响

通过观察低强度氦氖激光血管内照射（ILLLI）对饲脂家兔血浆中血栓素B2（TxB2）、6-酮-前列腺素F1α（6－keto－PGF1α）、脂质过氧化物（LPO）、TxB2／6-keto－PGF1α及主动脉和冠状动脉病理学改变，探讨ILLLI预防动脉粥样硬化（AS）的机制。结果表明：ILLLI可显著降低TxB2、LPO及TxB2／6－keto－PGF1α（P＜0.01），而对6-keto-PGF1α无升高作用（P＞0．05）。主动脉粥样斑块面积百分比与TxB2、LPO呈显著正相关（r=0．8641，P＜0．01），与6-keto－PGF1α是显著负相关（r=-0.7432，P＜.05）。光镜观察，ILLLI治疗后主动脉及冠状动脉粥样斑块病变程度明显减轻。提示：ILLLI具有预防AS的作用。     

冠心病患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活剂及其抑制剂活性和脂蛋白(a)含量的相关性研究

观察了急性心肌梗塞（AMI）和不稳定型心绞痛（UA）患者血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（t－PA）及其抑制剂（PAI）活性和脂蛋白（a）[LP（a）]含量，并与对照组比较。结果表明，AMI、UA者t－PA活性明显偏低（P＜0．001），而PAI活性和LP（a）含量显著升高（P＜0．001）。从相关分析可见，AMI患者的t－PA活性同PAI活性、LP（a）含量呈明显负相关（分别r＝－0．73，P＜0．001；r＝－0．43，P＜0．05），而PAI的活性同LP（a）含量呈明显正相关（r＝0．5，P＜0．02）；但UA患者仅t－PA活性同PAI活性是明显负相关（r＝－0．65，P＜0．01）。结果提示：AMI和UA患者血浆纤溶系统的紊乱，特别是在LP（a）的参与下，更加促进血液凝固和血栓形成，可能是发病机理的重要因素。     

男性冠心病患者脂蛋白(a)与性激素和纤溶活性的关系

目的探讨男性冠心病（CHD）患者脂蛋白（a）[Lp（a）]与性激素和纤溶活性的关系。方法分别用ELISA法对Lp（a），用放射免疫法对雌二醇和睾酮含量，用底物显色法对组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（tPA）及其抑制物（PAI）活性进行检测。结果男性CHD患者血浆睾酮浓度和tPA活性显著低于对照组，而Lp（a）浓度和PAI活性显著高于对照组，且男性CHD患者血浆Lp（a）水平与睾酮浓度、tPA活性显著负相关，与PAI活性显著正相关。结论血浆睾酮水平下降是男性CHD发生的主要原因。睾酮水平下降减弱了睾酮本身对动脉粥样硬化的抑制作用，同时通过引起Lp（a）水平升高而导致CHD的发生。     

氯沙坦对扩张型心肌病心力衰竭患者纤溶参数的影响

目的了解扩张型心肌病心力衰竭患者纤溶参数的变化,及氯沙坦对纤溶参数的影响.方法测定40名健康者和60例扩张型心肌痛心衰患者血浆纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)活性,纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)活性以及血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)含量.将扩张型心肌病患者随机分成常规治疗组和氯沙坦组.治疗14天后复查tPA、PAI-1、AngⅡ. 结果与正常对照组相比,扩张型心肌病心衰患者tPA活性下降、PAI-1活性升高、AngⅡ含量上升(P＜0.01).治疗14天后,常规治疗组tPA与PAI-1的活性和AngⅡ含量无显著变化(P＞0.05);氯沙坦组tPA活性上升、PAI-1活性下降(P＜0.01),AngⅡ含量降低(P＜0.05).结论扩张型心肌痛心力衰竭患者纤溶参数明显异常,氯沙坦能改善纤溶参数活性.     

卡托普利对心力衰竭患者QT离散度及血浆AngⅡ,TXB2,6-keto-PGF1α影响

目的 :探讨卡托普利治疗慢性充血性心力衰竭 （CHF）对肾素 -血管紧张素系统和前列腺素系统及 QT离散度 （QTd）的影响。方法 :用放射免疫法测定 40例 CHF患者卡托普利治疗 2周前后血浆 Ang ,TXB2 ,6 - keto- PGF1α浓度 ;手工测量同步 12导联心电图 QTd。结果 :1卡托普利治疗 2周后 QTd无明显变化 ;2血浆 Ang ,TXB2 浓度和 TXB2 /6 - keto- PGF1α比值明显下降 ;6 - keto- PGF1α水平显著升高 ;3血浆 TXB2 的降低与 6 - keto- PGF1α的升高呈负相关 （r=- 0 .5 9,P<0 .0 1） ;平均动脉压的下降与 6 - keto- PGF1α的升高呈正相关 （r=0 .41,P<0 .0 5 ）。结论 :卡托普利 2周治疗有利于恢复心力衰竭患者体液内环境的稳定 ;但对 QTd无显著影响。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.