Participation of mouse T and B lymphocytes in the graft versus host reaction

Transplantation of spleen or lymph node cells from CBA mice into sublethally irradiated (CBAxC57BL/6)F₁ mice induced the development of a graft versus host reaction (GVHR). The lymphocytes lost their ability to give this reaction after treatmentin vitro with specific sera against both mouse T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes. The development of the GVHR in mice is evidently connected with cooperative interaction between T and B lymphocytes.Department of Immunology, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR Yu. M. Lopukhin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 6, pp. 713–715, June, 1976.     

Modified method of injecting parental lymphocytes to induce a local graft versus host reaction

A new method of injecting parental lymphocytes into the foot of F₁ hybrid mice to induce a local graft versus host reaction, based on the use of the Achilles' tendon as a natural shutter covering the lumen of the wound channel, is suggested. The new method of injection greatly simplifies the test and enables the conditions for its performance to be standardized. The low cell concentration in the working suspension enables it to be kept on ice without any significant increase in the percentage of dead cells.Department of Microbiology, Smolensk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 88, No. 8, pp. 238–239, August, 1979.     

Effect of burn trauma on reactivity of mouse spleen cells of different genotypes in the regional graft versus host reaction

Department of General Surgery, Smolensk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medient Sciences of the USSR V. D. Fedorov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 109, No. 6, pp. 592–594, June, 1990.     

Interaction between the graft versus host reaction and pregnancy

A graft versus host reaction (GVHR) was induced in F₁(CBA×C57BL/6) female hybrids by intravenous injection of a suspension of lymphocytes from the spleen and lymph glands from C57BL/6 females. Pregnancy, which developed as a result of crossing the experimental females with syngeneic males 1–10, 10–20, 30–40, and over 40 days after injection of the lymphocytes, aggravated the transplantation sickness due to the GVHR. On the other hand, the GVHR under these conditions reduced the percentage of animals that became pregnant and disturbed the reproductive function of the experimental mice (stillbirth, death of the pregnant females, abortion). An exacerbation of the GVHR was observed in some of the experimental animals after giving birth. The rate of survival of the progeny was lowered.Department of Microbiology, Smolensk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 80, No. 9, pp. 68–71, September, 1975.     

Immunologic disturbances in mice born after induction of a graft versus host reaction in the mother

The immunologic status of mice born after induction of a graft versus host reaction in the mother was studied. Lymphocytopenia, delayed rejection of skin allografts, a decrease in natural resistance to experimental typhoid infection, and a decrease in the number of plaqueforming cells in the spleen after immunization of the mice with sheep's red blood cells and typhoid Vi antigen were found at the age of 1 month. At the age of 2–3 months, the same changes together with a decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes were found only in mice with clinical features of runt disease. In the second year of life depression of the immune response to sheep's red blood cells and enhancement of the response to Vi antigen and a decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes compared with the control were observed in the progeny. An increased concentration of immunoglobulins and transferrins was found in the blood serum and antierythrocytic autoantibodies were detected in some mice.Department of Microbiology and Department of Biochemistry, Smolensk Medecal Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 89, No. 2, pp. 200–202, February, 1980.     

Suppressors of the graft versus graft reaction in tolerance to alloantigens

Laboratory of Immunologic Tolerance, N. F. Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. A. Vershilova.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 105, No. 6, pp. 697–700, June, 1988.     

Immunocompetence of lymphocytes from pregnant mice studied in graft versus host reaction

The ability of lymphocytes taken during the second trimester from C57BL/6 mice mated with CBA males to induce the graft versus host reaction in (CBAxC57BL/6)F₁ hybrids was weaker than that of cells both of virgin donors and of mice pregnant after syngeneic mating. This was reflected in lengthening of the life span of the experimental recipients and weakening of inhibition of endogenous colony formation in the spleen of sublethally irradiated hybrids. This ability was restored at the end of pregnancy and in some experiments it actually exceeded the control.Department of Microbiology, Smolensk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 310–312, March, 1977.     

Suppression of interferon synthesis during the graft versus host reaction in (CBA×C57BL/6) F1 mice

During the development of the graft versus host reaction (GVHR) in (CBA×C57BL/6) F₁ mice after transplantation of spleen cells from mice of the parental C57BL/6 strain, production of serum interferon induced by intraperitoneal injection of Newcastle disease virus was sharply reduced. Interferon production was reduced and later completely abolished in cultures of bone marrow cells from mice during development of the GVHR. This phenomenon can serve as a criterion of the development of the GVHR.Department of Virology, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Department of Microbiology, Smolensk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. D. Solov'ev.) Translated from Byulletin' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 9, pp. 1098–1100, September, 1976.     

Ability of lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin in vitro to participate in the graft versus host reaction

Lymph node cells from CBA mice stimulated for 2 h by phytohemagglutinin were more able, whereas cells cultivated for 44 h with phytohemagglutinin were less able, than intact lymph node cells to participate in the graft versus host reaction when injected into sublethally irradiated (CBA x C57BL/6)F₁ hybrids. Syngeneic lymphocytes and killed allogeneic lymphocytes cultivated in the same way, like phytohemagglutinin itself, had no such action.Department of Immunology, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR Yu. M. Lopukhin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 5, pp. 579–581, May, 1976.     

Role of genetic differences between mother and fetuses in the development of a graft versus host reaction induced in the mother

Development of the graft versus host reaction (GVHR) was studied in female (CBA×C57BL/6)F₁ mice during pregnancy, and after birth or the day before mating with syngeneic, semisyngeneic, and allogeneic males. The development and outcome of the GVHR in the female mice was shown to depend on genetic differences between the donors of transplanted lymphocytes and the fetuses and also on the time of induction of the GVHR. If lymphocytes from C57BL/6 mice were injected into (CBA×C57BL/6)F₁ females after parturition or on the day before mating with males of the parental CBA line, pregnancy led to enhancement of the GVHR; if lymphocytes were injected during pregnancy, an increase in resistance to the BVHR was observed. In the case of mating with males of the contralateral parental line C57BL/6 (syngeneic with respect to the lymphocyte donors) pregnancy did not affect the development of the GVHR regardless of the time when the cells were injected.Department of Microbiology and Department of Biology, Smolensk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 89, No. 3, pp. 340–342, March, 1980.     

Morphological changes in the late periods of life in mice born after induction of the graft versus host reaction in their mothers

Various organs of mice born after induction of a graft versus host reaction in their mothers during pregnancy were investigated histologically in the second year of life. Atrophic changes predominated in the lymphoid tissue and amyloidosis was observed in the spleen and liver of many (61.2%) mice. Infiltration with lymphocytes was found in the liver, kidneys, lungs, and heart; some mice developed glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, and degeneration of the liver. Tumors of the lymphoid tissue were found in 17.7% of cases, compared with only 4.1% of cases in the control group of mice of the same age. Some of the tumors were transplanted into adult F₁ mice. The cell-free extract, if injected into newborn mice, did not induce the development of tumors during observation for 14 months.Departments of Microbiology and Pathological Anatomy, Smolensk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 88, No. 7, pp. 111–114, July, 1979.     

Increased resistance of (CBA x C57BL/6)F1 hybrids to the systemic graft versus host reaction during regeneration of the spleen

Partial splenectomy was performed on (CBA x C57BL/6)F₁ hybrid mice 2, 12, 15, and 20 days before induction of the graft versus host reaction (GVHR) and 2 and 10 days after injection of parental immunocompetent cells. Recipients with an intact spleen, and those undergoing total splenectomy or a mock operation served as the control. Hybrids with a regenerating spleen up to 12 days of regeneration were shown to have increased resistance to GVHR, whereas splenectomy increased the resistance of the hybrids to GVHR only if carried out 2 days before induction of GVHR or 2 days after it.Department of Microbiology, Smolensk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 88, No. 11, pp. 587–589, November, 1979.     

The pancreas in acute graft versus host disease in man

Twenty-six bone marrow transplant recipients, 14 of whom had evidence of acute graft versus host disease at autopsy, were studied. The pancreas in four of these patients exhibited changes thought to be due to acute graft versus host disease. Pathognomonic findings were in exocrine ducts which showed marked epithelial cellular atypia associated with a mild lymphocytic infiltrate. This was accompanied by ulceration and intraluminal haemorrhage in severe cases. In three of these four cases ductal epithelium showed marked hyperexpression of class I and class II major histocompatibility complex molecules. By contrast islets were not inflamed, showed no evidence of endocrine cell damage and no abnormalities of major histocompatibility complex expression were seen.     

Ability of cells of the regenerating spleen to effect the graft versus host reaction

The ability of cells of the regenerating (after single or twice repeated resection) and intact spleen of mice to induce the graft versus host reaction was studied by two methods. The regenerating spleen was shown to be less capable than the intact of bringing about this reaction.Laboratory of Growth and Development, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. I. M. Sechenov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 373–374, March, 1976.     

Selective sparing of enterochromaffin cells in graft versus host disease affecting the colonic mucosa

Graft versus host disease affecting the large bowel causes destruction of the crypt epithelium. There is a selective sparing of enterochromaffin cells in the majority of cases. As a consequence, single as well as small clumps of enterochromaffin cells are to be seen in the sites formerly occupied by the destroyed crypt epithelium. The reason for this phenomenon is unclear, but it may be related to the fact that the enterochromaffin cells are end-stage and non-proliferating cells. This is useful diagnostically. However, cytotoxic drugs or irradiation must be excluded as the cause of the mucosal damage to bowel as there are theoretical reasons to expect that a similar phenomenon will be seen after these forms of therapy.