胰十二指肠切除术后大出血的处理

目的：探讨胰十二指肠切除术(PDT)后急性大出血的处理原则与方法。方法：总结我院1991—2001年期间PDT术后急性大出血6例的诊治经验井复习文献，就临床表现、出血原因、处理方法与结果进行分析。结果：上腹部胀痛与腹腔引流管内或周围出血是所有病例的主要临床表现，2例合并上消化道出血症状，均有术后胰瘘。所有病例均进行血管造影检查，来自胃十二指肠动脉出血3例，胰十二指肠下动脉2例，胰腺残端后缘1例。前3例施行肝动脉血管造影与栓塞，未再出血。后3例再次行手术止血，1例术后5d死于反复再出血致多器官衰竭。加用健脾行气中药可促进肠功能恢复。结论：出血后应给予必要的准备，及时进行血管造影检查明确出血来源，根据出血的部位选择肝动脉栓塞或手术止血。     

急诊应用药物治疗急性上消化道出血的疗效

目的探讨急诊应用药物治疗急性上消化道出血的方法及疗效。方法对2008年6月至2010年6月收治的86例急性上消化道出血患者采用内科方法治疗,采用生长抑素（善宁）0.1 mg稀释于生理盐水20 mL中缓慢静脉注射,继之以25～50μg·h-1的剂量持续静脉滴注;垂体后叶素0.2～0.4 U·min-1持续静脉滴注24 h后,半量维持,至血止后24 h停用。消化性溃疡的患者加用质子泵抑制剂奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊40 mg,1次.d-1静脉滴注;收缩压低于8.00～12.00 kPa者予多巴胺升压治疗;有凝血功能障碍者采用凝血酶治疗。观察患者临床症状的改善情况。结果 86例患者平均住院时间为（11.6±0.5）d,无一例死亡。其中显效23例,有效46例,无效17例,总有效率为80.2%。内科治疗无效的患者均转往外科或行内镜下止血治疗。结论生长抑素、垂体后叶素、奥美拉唑联合应用,对于急诊治疗上消化道出血有重要意义。     

16例急性坏死性胰腺炎的介入治疗

目的:探讨经动脉插管灌注抑制胰腺分泌药物(5Fu)-和抗生素、经动脉插管栓塞出血动脉、经皮刺引流等治疗急性坏死性胰腺炎及其并发症胃肠道出血、胰周脓肿、急性胰腺假性囊肿的疗效。方法:16例急性坏死性胰腺炎患者,根据CT检查结果置导管于病变部位的供血动脉。14例置管于腹腔动脉,1例于脾动脉,1例于胃十二指肠动脉。经导管24 h持续灌注5-Fu和抗生素7~20 d。结果:16例中13例经局部动脉药物灌注,病情得到缓解;1例药物灌注后假性囊肿感染行经皮穿刺引流;1例胃肠道出血行胃十二指肠动脉栓塞;1例较为广泛的腹腔脓肿感染外科手术清除;1例入院时极为危重置管后尚未给药,病情迅速恶化,死于多脏器衰竭。结论:经腹腔动脉插管药物灌注、出血动脉栓塞、经皮穿刺引流治疗急性坏死性胰腺炎疗效肯定,并发症少,死亡率低,可改善患者的身体状况,即使发生胰腺感染,也有利于后期手术。     

介入治疗在脏器大出血中的临床应用

【目的]探讨动脉栓塞术在临床急诊大出血中的应用价值。【方法]45例出血患者均行选择性数字减影血管造影（DSA）和介入治疗,其中妇产科大出血19例、肾脏术后出血11例、支气管扩张大咯血15例。通过显示造影剂外溢、假性动脉瘤、病理血管和肿瘤染色确定出血原因及部位,对出血动脉超选择插管行动脉内介入栓塞或药物灌注加栓塞治疗。栓塞材料为明胶海绵颗粒、聚乙烯醇微粒（PVA）、钢圈,栓塞过程在X线影像监视下完成。【结果]45例患者行供血动脉栓塞术或药物灌注加栓塞治疗止血成功率为100％,其中有2例支气管扩张患者分别在6个月、13个月再发出血,但量较栓塞治疗前明显减少,经内科保守治疗后出血停止,其他病例随访均未再发出血,中远期疗效为95．6％。【结论】介入治疗对急性脏器大出血效果明确,在保守治疗无效或效果不明显的情况下应列为首选,能达到止血迅速、彻底、复发率低、副作用小,不影响脏器功能。     

区域动脉灌注治疗重症急性胰腺炎20例

目的评价经动脉插管灌注奥曲肽和抗生素治疗急性坏死性胰腺炎的疗效。方法20例急性坏死性胰腺炎患者,根据CT检查结果置导管于病变部位的供血动脉,导管置于胃十二指肠动脉10例,于腹腔动脉10例,经导管24h持续灌注奥曲肽和抗生素6—14d。结果20例中19例经局部动脉给药痊愈,1例药物灌注后病情缓解3个月后,行假性胰腺囊肿手术引流。结论区域动脉灌注治疗的急性重症胰腺炎,疗效肯定,并发症少。     

原发性肝癌自发破裂出血的数字减影血管造影特征及急诊动脉栓塞治疗效果

目的探讨原发性肝癌(简称肝癌)自发破裂出血的数字减影血管造影(DSA)表现特征及急诊动脉栓塞的治疗方法和临床疗效。方法收集我院13例经CT检查、B超检查及腹腔穿刺等方法证实为肝癌自发破裂并行急诊肝动脉造影栓塞的病例,分析肝癌破裂出血的DSA造影表现特征,根据DSA显示情况,经肝外寄生动脉或肝动脉急诊介入栓塞治疗,观察临床疗效。结果 13例肝癌破裂出血患者中,10例为真性出血、3例为隐性出血。隐性出血DSA表现为肿瘤周边血管缺损,没有明显造影剂外渗现象。所有患者均成功止血,短期临床效果满意。结论肝癌自发破裂出血有特殊的DSA特征,同时也存在假阴性病例,在临床上应重视。急诊动脉栓塞是治疗肝癌自发破裂出血的有效方法。     

急诊动脉栓塞治疗产后大出血的临床疗效观察

目的探讨产后大出血急诊介入栓塞止血的价值。方法对21例产后大出血患者实施急诊髂内动脉插管术,通过数字减影血管造影（DSA）明确出血部位,超选择性用明胶海绵栓塞子宫动脉或髂内动脉。结果DSA显示出血均来源于单侧或双侧子宫动脉,表现为对比剂在官腔内呈弥漫性、局灶性分布。21例产后大出血患者全部栓塞成功,随访3个月-2年无复发。结论介入治疗应用于晚期产后出血具有止血快、疗效确切、手术时间短及并发症少等优点,值得临床推广使用。     

选择性动脉栓塞术治疗妇产科急症出血的临床应用

目的研究选择性髂内动脉栓塞术或子宫动脉栓塞术在妇产科急症出血中的应用。方法选择性双侧髂内动脉或子宫动脉栓塞术治疗59例妇产科急症出血患者,其中产后大出血30例,绒癌出血5例,子宫内膜癌出血8例,宫颈癌出血16例。对肿瘤患者用化疗药物加碘油混悬液、明胶海绵栓塞;对产后出血、宫内残留患者用明胶海绵栓塞。结果59例妇产科急症出血患者均一次经皮双髂内动脉栓塞术治疗止血成功,手术时间30～50min,平均42．2±4．8min,无严重并发症发生。结论选择性动脉栓塞术对经保守治疗无效的妇产科急症出血具有确切的疗效。     

Myoglobinuria and acute renal failure associated with intravenous vasopressin infusion

Myoglobinuria and acute renal failure were observed in two patients with vasopressin-treated gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Because there were no other obvious causes of renal failure in either patient, we propose that skeletal muscle ischemia developed during vasopressin infusion, followed by release of myoglobin and renal damage. This association should be considered in the period after vasopressin-treated gastrointestinal hemorrhage.     

Treatment of acute hypertension in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage using American Heart Association guidelines

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility and safety of treatment of acute hypertension in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage within 24 hrs of symptom onset. Elevated blood pressure, observed in up to 56% of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, may predispose to hematoma expansion; on the other hand, reduction of blood pressure may reduce hematoma expansion and subsequent death and disability. DESIGN: Single-center prospective registry supplemented by retrospective chart review. SETTINGS: University-affiliated medical center with dedicated stroke service. PATIENTS: All patients admitted to the stroke service with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and acute hypertension within 24 hrs of symptom onset. INTERVENTION: Patients were treated with intravenous nicardipine within 24 hrs of symptom onset to reduce and maintain mean arterial pressure of <130 mm Hg. The mean arterial pressure goal was consistent with the American Heart Association guidelines. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary outcome was the tolerability of the treatment as assessed by achieving and maintaining the mean arterial pressure goals for 24 hrs after initiation of intravenous nicardipine infusion. Other end points ascertained were: neurologic deterioration defined by a decline in Glasgow Coma Scale from pretreatment assessment by >or=2 points or increase in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score by >or=2 points and hemorrhage growth defined as an increase in the volume of intraparenchymal hemorrhage of >33% as measured by image analysis on the 24-hr computed tomographic scan compared with the baseline computed tomographic scan. Rates of favorable outcome and death were ascertained at 1 month. Of the total 46 patients admitted with intracerebral hemorrhage in our service, 29 patients were treated. Mean age of the treated patients was 58 +/- 13 yrs; ten were women. Initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ranged from 1 to 38. The primary outcome of tolerability was achieved in 25 of the 29 patients (86%). Neurologic deterioration was observed in 4 of 29 patients. Hematoma enlargement was observed in five patients. Favorable outcome (defined as modified Rankin scale of 相似文献