进展期胃癌术后早期腹腔温热灌注化疗疗效的临床研究

[目的]探讨进展期胃癌术后早期腹腔温热灌注化疗对于改善患者生存率的意义。[方法]159例L3、L4（Ⅱ-Ⅳ期）胃癌手术患者，对比研究腹腔温热化疗组化疗方案（78例）与对照组（81例）术后并发症、复发转移率和3年生存率。[结果]并发症比较：腹腔温热化疗组腹胀及肌酐升高的发生率均显著高于对照组（92.3％vs．14．8％，P〈0．05；11．5％VS．1．2％，P〈0．05），但治疗后均恢复正常。术后复发转移：腹腔温热化疗组腹膜腔复发转移率显著低于对照组（32．1％vs．54-3％，P〈0．05）。腹腔温热化疗组3年生存率显著高于对照组（52．6％VS．32．1％，P=0．003）。[结论]进展期胃癌术后早期进行腹腔温热灌注化疗能够减少腹膜腔复发转移，提高生存率。     

胃癌术中低渗温热腹腔化疗联合术后早期腹腔化疗的疗效观察

背景与目的:胃癌脱落细胞引起的腹腔内肿瘤复发是中晚期胃癌患者治疗失败的重要原因,腹腔内化疗可以有效地杀灭腹腔脱落细胞。本研究拟探讨术中即时低渗温热腹腔化疗联合术后早期腹腔化疗的应用价值。方法:156例胃癌患者随机分为术中即时低渗温热腹腔化疗联合术后早期腹腔化疗组(治疗1组)、单纯术中即时低渗温热腹腔化疗组(治疗2组)和未行腹腔化疗组(对照组)。结果:治疗1组的2年生存率为84.4%,对照组为65.2%,差异有显著性(P<0.05);治疗1组的3年生存率为71.1%,明显高于治疗2组(50.0%)和对照组(45.6%)(P<0.05)。治疗1组肝转移的发生率为7.7%,明显低于对照组(27.3%)(P<0.01);治疗2组肝转移的发生率为10.2%,明显低于对照组(27.3%)(P<0.05)。结论:术中即时低渗温热腹腔化疗联合术后早期腹腔化疗对胃癌有确实的疗效,腹腔化疗对胃癌术后肝转移有确实的预防效果。     

沙培林联合腹腔内低渗温热化疗在胃癌根治术中的临床研究

目的：探讨术前腹腔注射沙培林联合术中腹腔内温热化疗（IPHHOI）治疗进展期胃癌的II缶床疗效及安全性。方法：胃癌患者40例（实验组）术前腹腔注射沙培林联合术中腹腔内温热化疗（IPHHOI）;39例（对照组）单纯手术。随访3年生存率及预后。结果：试验组3年生存率85％明显高于对照组69．02％（P〈0．05）;其中由于淋巴转移和腹膜种植转移而造成的死亡率明显下降（P〈0．05）;手术并发症发生率2组差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论：胃癌患者采用沙培林联合腹腔内低渗温热化疗,可预防术后淋巴结转移和腹膜种植转移的发生,提高术后生存率,是一种安全有效的方法。     

进展期胃癌术中腹腔温热化疗的疗效研究

目的：探讨术中腹腔温热化疗对进展期胃癌患者的疗效。方法：将同期收治的进展期胃癌患者随机分成腹腔温热化疗组（以下称治疗组）和对照组，治疗组在术中行腹腔温热化疗，对照组术后常规静脉途径化疗。对术后患者随诊，分析两组患者术后生存率、腹腔复发率。结果：治疗组1、3、5年生存率分别为89％、82％、45％；对照组1、3、5年生存率分别为77％、58％、36％。两组差异有显著性（P＜0．01）。治疗组腹腔复发率为6％；对照组腹腔复发率24％。具有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。两组毒副作用无关差异。结论：术中温热化疗可提高进展期胃癌患者生存率，预防腹腔复发，有广阔临床应用前景。     

进展期胃癌术中植入5-氟尿嘧啶缓释剂的临床观察

目的探讨术中腹腔内植入5-氟尿嘧啶缓释剂对进展期胃癌患者的术后疗效及并发症发生率的影响。方法2008年6月至2010年6月共收治61例进展期胃癌患者。治疗组30例行标准根治术,术中腹腔内植人5一氟尿嘧啶缓释颗粒,对照组31例予以单纯手术,术前术后检测两组患者的白细胞计数,观察两组术后并发症的发生情况并进行随访。结果治疗组较对照组术后腹腔引流量多（P〈0．05）,白细胞计数虽低于对照组（P〈0．05）,但仍在正常范围。两组切口感染率、吻合口瘘发生率、腹膜炎发生率、肠粘连梗阻率差别均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。随访2年,治疗组局部复发率6．7％,2年生存率83．3％,明显好于对照组的17．2％和75．9％（P〈0．05）。结论术中腹腔内植入5．氟尿嘧啶缓释剂近期疗效较好,且安全可靠。     

氟尿嘧啶缓释剂术中局部植入治疗32例进展期大肠癌

[目的]探讨氟尿嘧啶缓释剂（中人氟安）术中局部植入对进展期大肠癌的疗效。[方法]2004年8月至2008年2月64例进展期大肠癌患者行根治性手术,其中32例术中局部植入氟尿嘧啶缓释剂600mg（治疗组）,32例术中以蒸馏水冲洗腹腔（对照组）。两组患者均随访2年,观察其毒副反应及2年生存率、局部复发率和远处转移率。[结果]治疗组的2年生存率、局部复发率均优于对照组（P〈0.05）;毒副反应及远处转移两组比较差异无统计学意义。[结论]术中局部植入氟尿嘧啶缓释剂效果明显,患者耐受性良好,是治疗进展期大肠癌的有效方法。     

胃癌患者术中腹腔热灌注化疗的临床研究

目的：探讨胃癌根治术中一次性腹腔温热灌注化疗的临床疗效。方法：将术中行一次性腹腔温热灌注化疗的50例胃癌患者（治疗组）与未行此方法治疗的100例患者（对照组）的腹腔游离癌细胞检出率及预后等情况进行对比。结果：治疗组的温热灌注液游离癌细胞检出率为7．4％；对照组冲洗液的癌细胞检出率为30．8％。治疗组与对照组术后两年内腹腔复发率分别为14．6％和38．7％（P〈0．01）。治疗组术后1、2、3年生存率分别为100％、79％和60％；对照组则为95．1％、50．2％和35．2％，两组2、3年生存率比较，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论：一次性腹腔温热灌注化疗简便、高效、安全，具有杀灭腹腔游离癌细胞的作用，可降低患者术后腹腔复发率和提高生存率。     

缓释氟尿嘧啶在胃肠恶性肿瘤术中的应用

[目的]探讨区域性缓释化疗在消化道恶性肿瘤中的疗效。[方法]68例胃肠肿瘤患者随机分为两组：治疗组38例,术中使用植入缓释氟尿嘧啶;对照组30例,术中未使用缓释氟尿嘧啶。两组临床病理资料具有可比性。[结果]使用植入缓释氟尿嘧啶治疗组未出现明显的胃肠道反应。治疗组吻合口瘘1例、肠梗阻1例、腹腔化脓性感染1例;而对照组吻合口瘘1例、肠梗阻1例、无腹腔化脓性感染。两组并发症发生率比较无统计学差异（7．9％vs6．7％,χ^2=0．037,19=0．847）。治疗组2年局部复发率为5．3％,而对照组2年局部复发率为23.3％（χ^2=0．060,P=0．027）;两组2年无远处转移率无统计学差异（χ^2=0．060,P=0．807）。治疗组与对照组术后2年生存率分别为94．7％和76．7％（P〈0．05）。[结论]术中植入缓释氟尿嘧啶安全、可行,可降低胃肠肿瘤术后复发率及提高术后生存率．具有一定的临床应用价值。     

植入用缓释氟尿嘧啶治疗胃肠道肿瘤安全性研究

[目的]评价缓释氟尿嘧啶（中人氟安）植入的安全性。[方法]114例胃肠道肿瘤随机分为3组：腹腔肿瘤内或肿瘤术后可能有微小转移瘤灶区域内直接植入缓释氟尿嘧啶联合全身化疗（治疗组）;肿瘤术后腹腔内常规局部化疗联合全身化疗（对照组1）;单纯全身化疗（对照组2）。[结果]3组化学性腹膜炎、粘连性肠梗阻发生无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;治疗组静脉炎的发生率低于对照组。[结论]胃肠道肿瘤内或肿瘤术后腹腔植入缓释氟尿嘧啶联合全身化疗是一种安全、方便的治疗方法。     

肝癌切除术中局部植入5-氟尿嘧啶缓释剂的安全性研究

目的探讨肝癌术中局部使用5-氟尿嘧啶缓释剂化疗的安全性。方法经根治性手术切除的肝癌患者随机分为两组,治疗组腹腔内植入5．氟尿嘧啶缓释剂,对照组术中不进行腹腔内干预性治疗。观察5-氟尿嘧啶缓释剂植入后对血常规、肝肾及凝血功能、腹腔引流量、术后并发症和住院日等的影响。结果两组患者术后血常规、肝。肾及凝血功能等指标比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。植入组术后局部疼痛、胸腔积液发生率及腹腔引流液量均明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）,其它术后并发症发生率及住院日两组间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论肝癌术中使用5-氟尿嘧啶缓释剂局部区域化疗,对机体器官功能影响较小,术后并发症较轻,具有较好的安全性。     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

再放疗并同步使用Docetaxel在鼻咽癌放疗后复发病人中的应用

目的:不能手术切除的鼻咽癌放疗后再复发的病人,其治疗困难,化疗疗效差,而单独再放疗只能挽救一小部分病人,本文探讨再放疗并同步使用多西紫彬醇(Docetaxel)在鼻咽癌首次放疗后复发病人中可行性及毒副反应,并评价其疗效。方法:对11例鼻咽癌足量放疗后经组织病理学证实复发、而无法行手术及腔内放疗的患者进行了同步放化疗。放疗采用三维适形放疗,外照射鼻咽部,分次量为1.8Gy,总剂量为36Gy-39.6Gy。化疗采用Docetaxel,15mg/m2,每周一次,静脉滴注。结果:10%、33%的患者分别出现Ⅲ度、Ⅳ度皮肤反应,18%、10%的病人分别出现Ⅲ度、Ⅳ度黏膜反应,18%患者出现Ⅲ度恶心呕吐,27%的患者出现Ⅲ度-Ⅳ度白细胞下降,10%患者出现Ⅲ度血小板下降。1例患者因严重的黏膜反应致使治疗延迟2周。治疗结束后,9例(82%)患者达到CR,2例(18%)达到PR,反应率为100%。结论:对于放疗后局部复发的鼻咽癌患者,采用同步放化疗,3D-CRT同时每周使用Docetaxel是可行的,其毒性反应在可以接受的范围内,短期疗效显著。     

Protothecosis successfully treated with amikacin combined with tetracyclines

Summary We report a case of protothecosis in an 18-year-old female student caused by Prototheca zopfii successfully treated with amikacin combined with tetracyclines. Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine Protothecose, verursacht durch Prototheca zopfii, bei einer 18-j?hrigen Studentin berichtet, die erfolgreich mit Amikacin in Kombination mit Tetracyclinen behandelt wurde.