急性心肌梗塞急诊PTCA后ST段改变及其临床意义

目的　对９５ 例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者急诊经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）后３０ 分钟体表心电图ＳＴ 段改变进行分析，探讨此时ＳＴ 段改变与ＰＴＣＡ 效果、心肌损害程度及心功能预后的关系。方法　根据ＳＴ 段改变分三组。组Ⅰ：ＳＴ 段明显下降（≥５０％ ）组５５ 例，组Ⅱ：ＳＴ 段下降（＜ ５０％ ）组３２ 例，组Ⅲ：ＳＴ 段无变化或抬高者组８ 例。测定术后肌酸激酶（ＣＫ）的变化，同时测定术前及术后心功能。结果　组Ⅰ与组Ⅱ为ＰＴＣＡ 成功者，术后组ⅡＣＫ 明显高于组Ⅰ。术后４～６ 周组Ⅱ射血分数（ＥＦ％ ）明显低于组Ⅰ。结论　急性心肌梗塞患者ＰＴＣＡ 术后３０ 分钟体表心电图ＳＴ 段的改变能间接反映ＰＴ－ＣＡ 疗效。较准确早期了解心肌细胞灌注情况并判定预后     

云纤酶对冠状动脉成形术后再狭窄和心脏负荷能力的影响

本研究旨在评价去纤酶对冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）后再狭窄及心脏负荷能力的影响。方法：１４２例ＰＴＣＡ术后患者随机进入去纤酶组（ｎ＝７０）和肝素组（ｎ＝７２），术后分别用去纤酶及肝素治疗，分别于ＰＥＣＡ前、ＰＴＣＡ后７～１４天、３～６个月和１０～１２个月进行心电图运动试验及核素心肌灌注显像负荷试验，可疑再狭窄者行冠状动脉造影。ＰＴＣＡ后２组患者最大运动时间、心率指数、ＳＴ段缺血指数及心肌血流灌注均较     

低强度红激光局部照射对冠状动脉成形术后再狭窄防治的初 …

目的探讨一定能量密度的低强度红激光对红皮冠脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）后再狭窄的预防作用。方法５５例ＰＴＣＡ的患者随机分成单纯ＰＴＣＡ组（对照组）２９例和ＰＴＣＡ加冠脉内局部低强度红激光照射组（治疗组）２６例,照射的能量密度为０．９Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２。随访终点为术后６个月。结果所有ＰＴＣＡ术后血流均达到ＴＩＭＩ３级,残余狭窄在３０％以下,无发生严重并发症。到随访终点,治疗组有４例患者,对照组有７例患者复发心绞痛     

心电图运动试验对判断经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术后再狭窄的…

对有重复冠脉造影和心电图运动试验复查的４１例经皮腔内冠状动脉成形（ＰＴＣＡ）术后患者进行回顾性分析，探讨心电图运动试验对判断再狭窄的意义。结果显示：ＰＴＣＡ术后无再狭窄组患者心电图运动试验各参数比术前明显改善，比再狭窄组亦有明显改善；运动试验阳性对ＰＴＣＡ术后再狭窄预测的敏感性为７９．２％，特异性为５８．８％，阳性预测值为７２．４％；４１例患者ＰＴＣＡ术后临床心绞痛症状的发生率为７５．６％（其中再     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术后再狭窄病变的进展及预测因子的研究

对冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）后３个月经冠状动脉造影（ＣＡＧ）证实，ＰＴＣＡ实施部位出现中等度（ＡＨＡ分类狭窄度５０％～７５％）狭窄的病例继续追踪一年，观察狭窄病变进展与否，对有关ＣＡＧ所见及临床上诸因子进行比较研究。结果表明，在ＰＴＣＡ后３个月追踪ＣＡＧ的２５７例病人中，ＰＴＣＡ部位出现中等度再狭窄８２例，占全部ＰＴＣＡ病例的３１．９％；其中一年后病变进展的１１例（Ａ组），病变未进展的７１例（Ｂ组）。经ｔ检验，伴有溃疡病变和钙化病变的病人在ＰＴＣＡ前Ａ组明显高于Ｂ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。通过多元逐步回归分析，ＰＴＣＡ术后６个月内不稳定性心绞痛和血清总胆固醇增高等临床危险因素与ＰＴＣＡ前病变形态的ＡＨＡ分类为Ｃ型病变、钙化、病变血管弯曲度大、冠脉入口病变、ＰＴＣＡ后３个月再狭窄程度、ＰＴＣＡ后冠脉夹层等冠脉造影所见与狭窄病变后期进展有密切关系。而追踪期药物治疗、诸多心血管系统药物对ＰＴＣＡ后慢性期狭窄的进展无明显影响。     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术及再狭窄对QT离散度的影响

目的观察经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）对ＱＴ离散度（ＱＴｄ）的影响及ＰＴＣＡ术后再狭窄时ＱＴｄ的变化。探讨ＱＴｄ在预测再狭窄中的意义。方法将３０例临床拟诊ＰＴＣＡ术后再狭窄的患者根据第二次冠状动脉造影（冠造）的结果分为再狭窄组（１９例）及非再狭窄组（１１例）。对两组患者第一次ＰＴＣＡ术前后、第二次ＰＴＣＡ（或冠造）术前后的同步１２导联心电图同时进行ＱＴｄ（ＱＴｄ＝最大ＱＴ间期－最小ＱＴ间期）及校正的ＱＴ离散度（ＱＴｃｄ）的测定。结果　两组患者第一次ＰＴＣＡ术后ＱＴｄ及ＱＴｃｄ均较术前显著减小（Ｐ＜０．００５）。再狭窄组第二次ＰＴＣＡ术前ＱＴｃｄ（７０．９±１７．１）ｍｓ又恢复至第一次ＰＴＣＡ术前（７３．５±１７．２）ｍｓ的水平,且显著大于（Ｐ＜０．００１）第一次ＰＴＣＡ术后（３５．２±８．９）ｍｓ及第二次ＰＴＣＡ术后（３４．５±９．３）ｍｓ的水平。非再狭窄组第二次冠造前ＱＴｃｄ（３０．７±８．５）ｍｓ与第一次ＰＴＣＡ术后（２９．３±８．１）ｍｓ比较无显著变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）,仍显著小于（Ｐ＜０．００５）第一次ＰＴＣＡ术前（６９．６±１２．７）ｍｓ。结论ＰＴＣＡ术可降低冠心病患者ＱＴ离散度,再狭窄时ＱＴ离     

单光子发射型计算机断层心肌灌注显像对经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术的近期疗效评估

目的：探讨单光子发射型计算机断层摄影术（ＳＰＥＣＴ）心肌灌注显像在评估经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）治疗冠心病效果中的作用。方法：通过运动—静息心肌灌注显像，观察ＰＴＣＡ前后患者运动试验结果、心肌各心室壁节段放射性异常积分及靶心图缺损范围的变化。结果：ＰＴＣＡ后患者运动耐量增加；放射性异常积分及靶心图缺损范围明显缩小，说明近期缺血明显改善。８例多支病变患者中，有６例仅进行部分血运重建，心肌灌注显像示缺血严重、范围广的心肌节段，其相关血管多为“罪犯”（ｃｕｌｐｒｉｔ）血管。结论：ＳＰＥＣＴ心肌灌注显像对ＰＴＣＡ近期疗效评估具有较高的实用价值，并可为ＰＴＣＡ前判断需要扩张的关键性病变血管提供帮助。     

血管内窥镜评价急性心肌梗塞患者的介入治疗

目的：探讨介入治疗后出现的血栓形态与介入治疗方法的关系。　　方法：应用血管内窥镜观察经介入治疗后３１ 例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者经皮冠状动脉腔内再通术（ＰＴＣＲ）组１４例,经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）组１０ 例,支架置入组１５ 例（其中８例行ＰＴＣＡ后支架置入）冠状动脉血栓形态。　　结果：在支架置入组均为附壁血栓,无一例是管腔内血栓;而在ＰＴＣＲ组和ＰＴＣＡ组中管腔内血栓分别占８６％ 和９０％ ,比支架置入组管腔内血栓有意义地增多（Ｐ＜ ０．００１）。　　结论：３种ＡＭＩ介入治疗中,支架植入术在降低急性冠状动脉闭塞及再狭窄等并发症的发生率方面,优于ＰＴＣＲ和ＰＴＣＡ。     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术和冠状动脉支架术在复杂冠脉病？…

目的：评价经皮腔冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）及冠脉内支架术治疗复杂冠状动脉病变的疗效。方法：以美国ＡＣＣ／ＡＨＡ专家组提出的冠状动脉病变Ｂ、Ｃ二型特征为复杂病变诊断标准，对３７例复杂冠脉血管病变患施行ＰＴＣＡ，其中３４例患冠脉内置入支架。结果：手术成功率为９７．４％（３６／３７），无死亡病例。达到完全血运重建２１例，部分血运重建１５例，ＰＴＣＡ未成功１例。术后症状明显减轻或缓解。结论：ＰＴ     

康复治疗对冠心病PTCA疗效的影响

目的：观察康复治疗对冠心病经皮穿刺冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）疗产的影响。方法：２３例冠心病介入治疗病人随机分为康复组（１２例）和对照组（１１例）,比较两组病人手术前、后３个月的心脏功能（ＬＶＥＦ）和运动代谢当量（ＭＥＴｓ）。结果：两组病人介入治疗后３个月ＬＶＥＦ和ＭＥＴｓ均有改善,康复组病人ＬＶＥＦ和ＭＥＴｓ的改善更为明显（Ｐ〈０．０５）结论：康复治疗可以明显改善冠心病介入治疗后的ＬＶＥＦ和Ｍ     

Management of patients after cardiac surgery

The postoperative care of the patient during removal of CPB is the epitomy of modern clinical medicine. Successful postoperative care speaks to the best of modern medicine, namely, sophisticated technology, utilization of a team of concerned medical and nursing specialists, application of clinical pathways, and continued refinement in the patient care based on the principles of continual quality improvement. This article outlines the disruptions of the patient's physiologic systems by the inflammatory state initiated by CPB as a means of alerting the physician to the physical stresses imposed on their patients. Second, it describes the cardiac and noncardiac complications that might arise as a consequence of these disruptions to allow the physician to be proactive in the therapeutic approach. Finally, we propose treatment schemes based on an understanding of the pathophysiologic consequences of CPB and refined by their repeated application in the clinical arena.     

Phenylketonuric patients decades after diet

Summary Nineteen early-treated phenylketonuric patients, whose diet was discontinued between 4.5 and 13 years of age, and who have been off the diet for 12–28 years, were reassessed in 1992–93. There was little change in mean IQ between end of diet and follow-up, less than one IQ point on the average, with no change for any individual exceeding 12 IQ points. Both prior and current IQ correlated slightly negatively with mean phenylalanine (Phe) concentration, and positively with parents' education. The phenylalanine level at follow-up was significantly lower on average by about 900 µmol/L. Five of the subjects (26%) have evidence of mental disease. However, the data suggest that the discontinuation of the diet did not cause intellectual deterioration. Nonetheless, the patients' intellect cannot be the only consideration for maintenance of diet. The occurrence of psychopathology among phenylketonuric patients and the possible unknown effects of toxic elevation of phenylalanine during their lifetime suggest the need to maintain the diet. The use of DNA for diagnostic and prognostic purposes might assist in decisions about dietary quality and duration, and in anticipation of psychopathology.     

Diabetic patients after myocardial infarction

Diabetes mellitus is not just another risk factor for cardiovascular events; it per se defines maximal risk for target organ damage including the cardiovascular system. Diabetes is one of the main drivers in the race towards a higher incidence in cardiovascular disease worldwide. In addition, it is also one of the often unrecognized predecessors of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. About three quarters of patients post-MI show impaired glucose tolerance or full blown diabetes. The MONICA/KORA data have shown that the higher risk for mortality and morbidity in diabetics is maintained past the first event. However, the STENO-2 trial has shown that consequently managing diabetes and concomitant cardiovascular risk factors can significantly reduce the risk for cardiovascular events in this high-risk group.     

Metabolic profile of patients after heart transplantation

Orthotopic heart transplantation improves life expectancy and quality of life in patients with severe heart failure. After transplantation, metabolic complications are frequent. They are caused particularly by immunosuppressive therapy. In our cohort of 315 patients, 52% of patients had diabetes mellitus together with hyperlipoproteinemia, 41% of patients had hyperlipoproteinemia without diabetes, 3% of patients had diabetes mellitus without hyperlipoproteinemia and only 4% of patients had none of these disorders. Therapeutic options with respect to interactions with immunosuppressive therapy are discussed in this article.